1.
Essential fat is best defined as
Correct Answer
C. Lipids incoporated into the organs
Explanation
Essential fat is best defined as lipids incorporated into the organs. This refers to the fat that is necessary for normal physiological functioning and is found in organs such as the heart, liver, and kidneys. It is different from subcutaneous fat, which is found primarily under the skin, and visceral fat, which is found around the organs.
2.
One reason for the increase in body fat seen among Americans over the past decade is an increase in
Correct Answer
D. Total calorie intake
Explanation
The increase in body fat among Americans over the past decade can be attributed to an increase in total calorie intake. When individuals consume more calories than their body needs for energy, the excess is stored as fat. This can lead to weight gain and an increase in body fat. Factors such as sedentary lifestyles, availability of high-calorie processed foods, and larger portion sizes contribute to the rise in total calorie intake.
3.
Among men, 20-39 years of age obesity is defined as having body fat greater than ___of total body composition.
Correct Answer
C. 25
Explanation
Among men, 20-39 years of age, obesity is defined as having body fat greater than 25% of total body composition. This means that if a man's body fat percentage is higher than 25%, he would be considered obese in this age group.
4.
Among women 20-39 years of age, obesity is defined as having body fat greater than ___of total body composition.
Correct Answer
D. 39
5.
Which of the following are acceptable ranges of percent body fat for men 20-39 years of age?
Correct Answer
C. 8-19
Explanation
The acceptable ranges of percent body fat for men 20-39 years of age are 8-19. This means that a healthy percentage of body fat for men in this age group falls within this range. Percent body fat is an important indicator of overall health and fitness, and falling within the acceptable range can help reduce the risk of various health issues.
6.
Which of the following are acceptable ranges of percent body fat for women 20-39 years of age?
Correct Answer
C. 21-32
Explanation
The acceptable range of percent body fat for women aged 20-39 years is 21-32. This range is considered healthy and within the normal range for women in this age group. Percent body fat is a measure of the amount of fat in the body relative to total body weight, and this range indicates a healthy level of body fat for women of this age range.
7.
People are at greater risk for coronary heart disease if they tend to gain weight in the
Correct Answer
C. Abdomen
Explanation
People who tend to gain weight in their abdomen are at a greater risk for coronary heart disease. This is because excess abdominal fat, also known as visceral fat, is more metabolically active and releases harmful substances into the body, such as inflammatory markers and hormones that can increase the risk of developing heart disease. In contrast, weight gain in the thighs, hips, or buttocks is generally considered to be less harmful and may even have some protective effects against heart disease.
8.
Osteoporosis is associated with a low intake of
Correct Answer
B. Calcium
Explanation
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, and it is commonly associated with a low intake of calcium. Calcium is an essential mineral for bone health as it helps in the formation and maintenance of strong bones. When there is a deficiency of calcium in the diet, the body may leach calcium from the bones, leading to their weakening and increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, ensuring an adequate intake of calcium is crucial in preventing and managing osteoporosis.
9.
Essential nutrients are best described as nutrients that
Correct Answer
D. Must be obtained from food because the body cant manufactur sufficient amounts of them
Explanation
Essential nutrients are substances that the body needs for proper functioning but cannot produce in sufficient amounts on its own. These nutrients must be obtained from food sources. They are necessary for various body processes, such as growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues. Examples of essential nutrients include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids. They play a crucial role in supporting overall health and preventing nutrient deficiencies.
10.
The primary function of proteins is to
Correct Answer
A. Serve as an important component of muscle and other body constituents
Explanation
Proteins serve as an important component of muscle and other body constituents. Proteins are essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues, including muscles. They also play a vital role in the structure and function of cells, enzymes, hormones, and antibodies. Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of life. They are involved in various chemical reactions within cells and are crucial for the overall functioning of the body.
11.
Proteins supply the body with ___calories of energy per gram
Correct Answer
B. 4
Explanation
Proteins supply the body with 4 calories of energy per gram. This is because proteins are one of the three macronutrients that provide energy to the body, along with carbohydrates and fats. Each gram of protein contains 4 calories, which can be used by the body for various metabolic processes and physical activities.
12.
The proportion of total calories from protein in a well balanced diet is approximentally
Correct Answer
A. 10-35
Explanation
A well-balanced diet should include a variety of nutrients, including protein. The proportion of total calories from protein in a well-balanced diet is approximately 10-35%. This range ensures that the body receives an adequate amount of protein for various functions such as growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues. Consuming too little protein can lead to deficiencies, while consuming too much can put strain on the kidneys and other organs. Therefore, the recommended range of 10-35% allows for a balanced intake of protein within a healthy diet.
13.
Fats supply the body with ___ calories of energy per gram
Correct Answer
D. 9
Explanation
Fats supply the body with 9 calories of energy per gram. Fats are a concentrated source of energy, providing more than double the amount of calories compared to carbohydrates and proteins, which provide 4 calories per gram. This is because fats contain more carbon and hydrogen atoms, which can be broken down and utilized by the body for energy production. Therefore, consuming fats can provide a significant amount of energy to support bodily functions and physical activity.
14.
All of the following are true of saturated fats EXCEPT that they are
Correct Answer
D. Created by a manufacturing process designed to extend the shelf life of foods
Explanation
Saturated fats are typically found in animal products, solid at room temperature, and linked to elevated total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels. However, they are not created by a manufacturing process designed to extend the shelf life of foods. This means that the process of creating saturated fats is not related to preserving the shelf life of food items.
15.
All of the following are high in monounsaturated and/or polyunsaturated fats EXCEPT
Correct Answer
D. Coconut oil
Explanation
Canola oil, sunflower oil, and peanut oil are high in monounsaturated and/or polyunsaturated fats, which are considered healthy fats. However, coconut oil is high in saturated fat, which is not considered as healthy as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. Therefore, coconut oil is the exception in this list.
16.
A person needs about ___of vegetable oil per day
Correct Answer
A. 1 tablespoon
Explanation
A person needs about 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil per day. This amount is considered to be a healthy serving size and provides the necessary fats and nutrients for the body. Consuming more than this recommended amount can lead to an excessive intake of calories and unhealthy weight gain. It is important to moderate the consumption of vegetable oil in order to maintain a balanced diet.
17.
Recommended dietary fat intake is no more than___ of total calories
Correct Answer
C. 35
Explanation
The recommended dietary fat intake is no more than 35% of total calories. This means that in a balanced diet, fat should make up less than 35% of the total calorie intake. Consuming too much fat can lead to weight gain and increase the risk of health problems such as heart disease. It is important to maintain a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrients from different food groups.
18.
The primary function of carbohydrates is to
Correct Answer
C. Supply energy to cells
Explanation
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for cells. When consumed, they are broken down into glucose, which is then used by cells to produce ATP, the molecule that provides energy for cellular processes. Therefore, the primary function of carbohydrates is to supply energy to cells.
19.
Refined carbohydrates
Correct Answer
D. Are lower in fiber and vitamins than unrefined carbohydrates
Explanation
Refined carbohydrates are lower in fiber and vitamins compared to unrefined carbohydrates. This is because the refining process removes the bran and germ from the grain, which are the parts that contain most of the fiber and vitamins. Therefore, consuming refined carbohydrates can lead to a lower intake of essential nutrients and dietary fiber.
20.
The recommended percentage of total calories from carbohydrates in a healthy diet is
Correct Answer
C. 45-65
Explanation
The recommended percentage of total calories from carbohydrates in a healthy diet is 45-65. This range is recommended because carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy and provide essential nutrients. Consuming carbohydrates within this range helps to maintain stable blood sugar levels, support brain function, and provide fuel for physical activity. It is important to choose complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, rather than refined carbohydrates like sugary snacks and white bread, to ensure a balanced and nutritious diet.
21.
Dietary fiber benefits health in all of the following ways EXCEPT
Correct Answer
D. Lowering risk of osteoporosis
Explanation
Dietary fiber benefits health in several ways, including lowering blood cholesterol levels, helping in diabetes management, and reducing colon cancer risk. However, it does not directly lower the risk of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, and while a healthy diet that includes fiber can contribute to overall bone health, it is not specifically targeted at reducing the risk of osteoporosis.
22.
All of the following are good sources of dietary fiber EXCEPT
Correct Answer
B. Hamburger
Explanation
Hamburger is not a good source of dietary fiber because it is made from ground meat, which does not contain fiber. Avocado, oatmeal, and winter squash are all good sources of dietary fiber.
23.
The primary function of vitamins is to
Correct Answer
D. Promote chemical reactions within cells
Explanation
Vitamins are essential organic compounds that are required in small amounts for various metabolic processes in the body. They act as coenzymes, which means they help in the functioning of enzymes that promote chemical reactions within cells. These reactions are crucial for the production of energy, synthesis of proteins, and maintenance of overall health. Therefore, the primary function of vitamins is to promote chemical reactions within cells.
24.
Minerals
Correct Answer
A. Help regulate body functions
Explanation
Minerals are essential nutrients that help regulate various body functions. They play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy body by aiding in processes such as nerve function, muscle contraction, and maintaining a proper fluid balance. They are required in small amounts and can be obtained from a variety of sources, including both plant and animal products. Therefore, the statement "help regulate body functions" accurately describes the role of minerals in the body.
25.
Antioxidants
Correct Answer
A. Protect cells from damage by reacting with free radicals
Explanation
Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize free radicals, which are highly reactive molecules that can cause damage to cells. By reacting with free radicals, antioxidants help protect cells from this damage. This is important because excessive free radical damage has been linked to various diseases, such as cancer and heart disease. Therefore, the role of antioxidants in protecting cells from damage is crucial for maintaining overall health and preventing the development of certain illnesses.
26.
According to the USDA's My Pyramaid, the recommeded number of servings of bread and cereals per day for adults on a 2000 caloried diet is
Correct Answer
D. 6
Explanation
According to the USDA's My Pyramid, the recommended number of servings of bread and cereals per day for adults on a 2000 calorie diet is 6. This means that individuals should aim to consume 6 servings of bread and cereals each day to meet their nutritional needs. These servings can come from a variety of sources such as bread, rice, pasta, and cereal, and should be spread out throughout the day to ensure a balanced intake of carbohydrates and fiber.
27.
According to the USDA's My Pyramaid, the recommended number of servings of vegetables per day for an adult on a 2000 calorie diet is
Correct Answer
C. 5
Explanation
According to the USDA's My Pyramid, the recommended number of servings of vegetables per day for an adult on a 2000 calorie diet is 5. This means that an adult should aim to consume 5 servings of vegetables each day to meet their nutritional needs. Vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet as they provide essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Consuming an adequate amount of vegetables can help maintain overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
28.
According to the USDA's My Pyramaid, the recommended number of servings for fruit per day for an adult on a 2000 calorie diet is
Correct Answer
B. 4
Explanation
According to the USDA's My Pyramid, the recommended number of servings for fruit per day for an adult on a 2000 calorie diet is 4. This means that adults should aim to consume 4 servings of fruit each day to meet their nutritional needs. Consuming an adequate amount of fruit can provide essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber, contributing to overall health and well-being.
29.
Which one of the following sources of fat would be the healthiest choice
Correct Answer
A. Vegetable oil
Explanation
Vegetable oil is the healthiest choice among the given options because it is derived from plants and is generally low in saturated fat and cholesterol. It also contains beneficial unsaturated fats, such as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, which have been shown to have positive effects on heart health. On the other hand, tub margarine, regular margarine, and butter are all higher in saturated fat and may contribute to increased cholesterol levels and a higher risk of heart disease.
30.
The recommended daily amount of fiber for men is
Correct Answer
C. 38 grams
Explanation
The recommended daily amount of fiber for men is 38 grams. Fiber is an important nutrient that aids in digestion and helps maintain a healthy weight. It also helps lower cholesterol levels and reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. Consuming an adequate amount of fiber can also prevent constipation and promote regular bowel movements. Therefore, it is important for men to aim for a daily intake of 38 grams of fiber to support their overall health and well-being.
31.
The recommended daily amount of fiber for women is
Correct Answer
B. 25 grams
Explanation
The recommended daily amount of fiber for women is 25 grams. Fiber is an essential nutrient that aids in digestion and helps prevent constipation. It also helps regulate blood sugar levels and lowers cholesterol. Women need a higher amount of fiber compared to men due to their unique nutritional needs. Consuming an adequate amount of fiber can promote overall health and reduce the risk of certain diseases.
32.
Storage fat will decrease if a person consumes fewer calories and exercises more than he or she normally does
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
If a person consumes fewer calories and exercises more than they normally do, they will create a calorie deficit. This means that their body will start using stored fat as a source of energy, leading to a decrease in storage fat. Therefore, the statement is true.
33.
Men have a higher percentage of essential fat than women
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
This statement is false. Women actually have a higher percentage of essential fat than men. Essential fat is the amount of fat necessary for the body to function properly, including reproductive processes. Women have a higher percentage of essential fat due to their reproductive needs, such as supporting pregnancy and breastfeeding. Men, on the other hand, generally have a higher percentage of non-essential fat, which is stored in areas like the abdomen and can be more easily reduced through exercise and diet.
34.
Muscle mass has a higher density than fat mass
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Muscle mass is denser than fat mass because muscle tissue contains more protein and less water compared to fat tissue. This means that for the same volume, muscle weighs more than fat. Therefore, individuals with a higher muscle mass will have a higher density compared to those with a higher fat mass.
35.
The average adult needs about 3000 calories a day to meet individual energy needs
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because the average adult does not need 3000 calories a day to meet individual energy needs. The actual calorie requirement varies depending on factors such as age, gender, weight, activity level, and overall health. The average adult typically needs around 2000-2500 calories per day.
36.
Trans fatty acids have been found to increase HDL cholesterol.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Trans fatty acids have been found to increase LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and decrease HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol). Therefore, the statement that trans fatty acids increase HDL cholesterol is incorrect.
37.
Carbohydrates consumed in excess of dietary needs are stored in the form of fat
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
When carbohydrates are consumed in excess of the body's dietary needs, they are converted into glucose and stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen. However, once these glycogen stores are full, any additional carbohydrates are converted into fat through a process called lipogenesis. This excess fat is then stored in adipose tissue throughout the body. Therefore, it is true that carbohydrates consumed in excess of dietary needs are stored in the form of fat.
38.
A diet high in dietary fiber has been shown to combat diabetes and high cholesterol levels
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
A diet high in dietary fiber can help combat diabetes and high cholesterol levels. Fiber helps regulate blood sugar levels by slowing down the absorption of sugar in the bloodstream, which can be beneficial for people with diabetes. Additionally, fiber can help lower cholesterol levels by binding to cholesterol in the digestive system and preventing its absorption into the bloodstream. Therefore, it is true that a diet high in dietary fiber can be effective in combating diabetes and high cholesterol levels.
39.
To maintain fluid balance the average person needs to consume approximentally 9-13 cups of water a day
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because maintaining fluid balance is essential for the body's overall functioning. The average person needs to consume approximately 9-13 cups of water a day to ensure proper hydration and to support various bodily functions such as digestion, circulation, and temperature regulation. Drinking an adequate amount of water helps to replenish fluids lost through sweating, urination, and other bodily processes, thus maintaining the body's fluid balance.
40.
One serving of pasta is considered one cup
Correct Answer
B. False
41.
A sandwich is 2 servings of bread
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
This statement is true because a sandwich typically consists of two slices of bread with filling in between. Each slice of bread can be considered as a serving, therefore making a sandwich equivalent to 2 servings of bread.
42.
The best way to cook vegetables so that they retain nutritional value is to boil them
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Boiling vegetables can cause some loss of nutrients, especially water-soluble vitamins like vitamin C and B vitamins. This is because some of the nutrients leach out into the cooking water. Steaming or microwaving vegetables is a better option as it helps to retain more of the nutrients. These cooking methods require less water and shorter cooking times, minimizing nutrient loss.
43.
Typically the greener the vegetable the greater the quantity of phytochemicals present
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
This statement is true because phytochemicals are natural compounds found in plants that give them their color and provide various health benefits. Green vegetables, such as spinach, broccoli, and kale, contain chlorophyll, which is responsible for their green color. Chlorophyll is a type of phytochemical and is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, it can be concluded that the greener the vegetable, the higher the concentration of phytochemicals it contains.
44.
Prepachaged foods such as Lipton noodles or rice are usually low in salt and trans fat
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Prepackaged foods such as Lipton noodles or rice are not usually low in salt and trans fat. These types of foods often contain high levels of sodium and unhealthy trans fats, which can contribute to various health issues such as high blood pressure and heart disease. It is important to carefully read the nutrition labels and choose healthier options when consuming prepackaged foods.
45.
White bread is higher in unrefined fiber than wheat bread
Correct Answer
B. False
46.
A raw vegetable is more nutritiou than a frozen vegetable
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Raw vegetables are generally more nutritious than frozen vegetables because freezing can cause some loss of nutrients. When vegetables are frozen, the freezing process can cause damage to the cell walls, leading to a loss of some vitamins and minerals. On the other hand, raw vegetables retain their full nutritional content as they have not undergone any processing or cooking methods that could potentially reduce their nutrient levels. Therefore, it is generally true that raw vegetables are more nutritious than frozen vegetables.
47.
A canned vegetable is more nutritious than a raw vegetable
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
This statement is false. Raw vegetables are generally more nutritious than canned vegetables. Canning vegetables often involves heat processing, which can lead to a loss of some nutrients, such as vitamin C. Additionally, canned vegetables may contain added salt or preservatives, which can be detrimental to health. On the other hand, raw vegetables retain their natural vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making them a healthier choice.
48.
It is not necessary to monitor ones intake of fruit since it is such a good source of antioxidents
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because while fruits are indeed a good source of antioxidants, it is still necessary to monitor one's intake. Consuming too much fruit can lead to an excessive intake of sugar and calories, which can contribute to weight gain and other health issues. Additionally, some fruits may contain pesticides or other contaminants, so it is important to choose organic options or wash fruits thoroughly before consuming them.
49.
The six dimensions of wellness include all of the following EXEPT
Correct Answer
D. Dietary wellness
Explanation
The six dimensions of wellness include emotional wellness, environmental or planetary wellness, spiritual wellness, and dietary wellness. However, the given answer states that dietary wellness is not included in the six dimensions of wellness.
50.
Physical wellness includes
Correct Answer
A. Learning about the importance of pHysical activity
Explanation
Physical wellness includes learning about the importance of physical activity because being physically active is essential for maintaining good health and well-being. Regular exercise helps to strengthen the body, improve cardiovascular health, boost energy levels, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. By learning about the importance of physical activity, individuals can make informed choices and incorporate exercise into their daily routine. This knowledge empowers them to take control of their physical health and make positive lifestyle changes to improve their overall well-being.