Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition - Chapter 39 Testbank | Attempts: 53

1.

The development of Alzheimer’s disease may be increased by:

A.

Excessive ingestion of dietary aluminium
B.

Zinc supplementation
C.

Vitamin E supplementation
D.

Hormone replacement therapy
E.

Anaemia

Correct Answer
B. Zinc supplementation

Explanation
Zinc supplementation may increase the development of Alzheimer's disease. This is because excessive levels of zinc in the body can lead to the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques, which are a hallmark characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. These plaques can cause damage to brain cells and disrupt normal brain function, leading to the development of the disease. Therefore, it is important to be cautious with zinc supplementation and ensure that it is taken in appropriate amounts to avoid potential adverse effects on brain health.

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2.

Janet’s cognitive performance was improved when she did the following:

A.

Skipped breakfast
B.

Ate a bigger than usual lunch
C.

Ate a normal or smaller lunch
D.

Fasted in the afternoon
E.

None of the above

Correct Answer
C. Ate a normal or smaller lunch

Explanation
Eating a normal or smaller lunch improved Janet's cognitive performance. This suggests that consuming a moderate or reduced amount of food during lunchtime had a positive impact on her cognitive abilities. Skipping breakfast, eating a bigger lunch, and fasting in the afternoon did not have the same effect.

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3.

Reputably the most important antioxidant in the central and peripheral nervous system is:

A.

Vitamin A
B.

Vitamin E
C.

Glutathione
D.

Folate

Correct Answer
C. Glutathione

Explanation
Glutathione is considered the most important antioxidant in the central and peripheral nervous system because it plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative damage. It helps to neutralize harmful free radicals and reduce inflammation, which can be detrimental to the nervous system. Glutathione also supports the function and health of neurons, promoting overall neurological well-being. Vitamin A, Vitamin E, and Folate are also antioxidants, but they are not specifically recognized as the most important ones for the nervous system.

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4.

Lower incidence of depression is strongly associated with:

A.

Higher consumption of fruit and vegetables
B.

Higher energy intake
C.

Higher consumption of fish
D.

Chronic alcohol excess
E.

Higher consumption of nuts

Correct Answer
C. Higher consumption of fish

Explanation
Higher consumption of fish is strongly associated with a lower incidence of depression. Fish, especially fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines, are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to have a positive effect on mental health. Omega-3 fatty acids help reduce inflammation in the brain, promote the production of neurotransmitters, and support overall brain health. Studies have consistently found that individuals who consume more fish have a lower risk of developing depression and other mood disorders. Therefore, increasing fish consumption can be beneficial for mental well-being.

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5.

School children will have reduced cognitive performance if they:

A.

Drink cordial before school
B.

Do not drink enough milk
C.

Consume too many foods containing preservatives
D.

Skip breakfast
E.

All of the above

Correct Answer
D. Skip breakfast

Explanation
Skipping breakfast can lead to reduced cognitive performance in school children. Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day as it provides the necessary nutrients and energy for the brain to function optimally. When children skip breakfast, their blood sugar levels drop, leading to decreased concentration, memory, and problem-solving abilities. Additionally, skipping breakfast can also affect mood and behavior, making it harder for children to focus and learn effectively in school. Therefore, skipping breakfast can have a negative impact on cognitive performance in school children.

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6.

Ginkgo biloba extract is thought to have it positive effects on cognitive function due to its:

A.

Antioxidant properties
B.

Fat content
C.

Energy content
D.

Protein content
E.

All of the above

Correct Answer
A. Antioxidant properties

Explanation
Ginkgo biloba extract is believed to have positive effects on cognitive function because of its antioxidant properties. Antioxidants help protect the cells from damage caused by free radicals, which can contribute to cognitive decline. By reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, the antioxidant properties of Ginkgo biloba extract may support brain health and improve cognitive function.

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7.

Consumption of which food is thought favourable for brain function?

A.

Milk
B.

Vegetables
C.

Meat
D.

Bread
E.

Fish

Correct Answer
E. Fish

Explanation
Fish is thought to be favorable for brain function because it is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, specifically DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). DHA is a crucial nutrient for brain health and development, and it has been linked to improved cognitive function, memory, and overall brain health. Additionally, fish is also a good source of protein, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial for brain function.

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8.

Which of the following is thought to influence the development of Alzheimer’s disease?

A.

Apo E gene
B.

Omega 3 fatty acid intake
C.

Vitamin D3 and vitamin K2
D.

Folic acid
E.

All of the above

Correct Answer
E. All of the above

Explanation
All of the options listed - Apo E gene, Omega 3 fatty acid intake, Vitamin D3 and vitamin K2, and Folic acid - are thought to influence the development of Alzheimer's disease. The Apo E gene has been found to be associated with an increased risk of developing the disease. Omega 3 fatty acids have been suggested to have a protective effect on brain health and may help reduce the risk of Alzheimer's. Vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 have been implicated in cognitive function and may play a role in preventing or delaying the onset of the disease. Folic acid deficiency has also been linked to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's. Therefore, all of these factors are believed to have an impact on the development of Alzheimer's disease.

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9.

Which condition does the WHO estimate is the greatest single cause of disability worldwide?

A.

Diabetes
B.

Cardiovascular disease
C.

Depression
D.

Cancer
E.

Obesity

Correct Answer
C. Depression

Explanation
Depression is estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the greatest single cause of disability worldwide. Depression is a mental health disorder that affects a person's mood, thoughts, and behavior, leading to persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest. It can significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life, making it a major contributor to disability globally. The WHO recognizes the impact of depression on individuals and society, highlighting the need for early detection, proper diagnosis, and effective treatment to address this widespread condition.

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10.

Which of the following is thought to directly modulate the effects of stress?

A.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids
B.

Glucose
C.

β-carotene
D.

Hormone replacement therapy
E.

Vitamin E

Correct Answer
C. β-carotene

Explanation
β-carotene is thought to directly modulate the effects of stress. β-carotene is a type of carotenoid, which is a pigment found in plants and is responsible for giving fruits and vegetables their vibrant colors. It is also a precursor to vitamin A. Studies have shown that β-carotene has antioxidant properties and can help reduce oxidative stress caused by free radicals. Additionally, β-carotene has been found to have anti-inflammatory effects, which can help mitigate the negative effects of stress on the body. Therefore, β-carotene is believed to have a direct impact on stress modulation.

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