1.
When analyzing and adapting group member diversity, you should consider
members'
Correct Answer
E. All of the above
Explanation
When analyzing and adapting group member diversity, it is important to consider all of the above factors: race, gender, age, and sexual orientation. This is because each of these factors contributes to the overall diversity within a group and can have an impact on the dynamics and interactions within the group. By considering all of these factors, group members can better understand and appreciate the unique perspectives and experiences that each individual brings, leading to more effective collaboration and decision-making.
2.
. During the 1990s, ______________ were the fastest growing racial/ethnic group.
Correct Answer
C. Hispanic/Latino Americans
Explanation
During the 1990s, Hispanic/Latino Americans were the fastest growing racial/ethnic group. This can be attributed to factors such as high birth rates and immigration from Latin American countries. The increase in the Hispanic/Latino population during this period had significant social and cultural implications, leading to a greater diversity in the United States.
3.
. Which of the following groups would be considered a co-culture?
Correct Answer
E. All of the above
Explanation
All of the groups mentioned in the options - American Indian tribes, Hispanic/Latino Americans, Irish Americans, and Arab Americans - would be considered co-cultures. A co-culture refers to a group within a larger society that shares common characteristics, such as language, customs, traditions, and values, that distinguish them from the dominant culture. Each of the mentioned groups has its own distinct cultural identity and contributes to the diversity of the larger society, making them examples of co-cultures.
4.
. In the homogeneous ? heterogeneous group dialectic, homogeneous refers to
Correct Answer
B. B. a group composed of members who are the same or similar.
Explanation
In the homogeneous vs heterogeneous group dialectic, the term "homogeneous" refers to a group that is composed of members who are the same or similar. This means that the individuals within the group share common characteristics, traits, or qualities. The group members may have similar backgrounds, interests, beliefs, or experiences, which can contribute to a sense of cohesion and similarity within the group. This homogeneity can influence the dynamics and interactions within the group, as members may have a greater understanding and empathy for one another due to their shared similarities.
5.
. According to your textbook, there are 3 levels of diversity in every group. Which of
the following dimensions characterize the third (external) dimension?
Correct Answer
D. D. education, religion, and income,
Explanation
The third (external) dimension of diversity in every group is characterized by education, religion, and income. This means that individuals within a group may have different levels of education, follow different religious beliefs, and have varying income levels. These dimensions of diversity contribute to the overall diversity within the group and can influence perspectives, values, and experiences.
6.
. People who believe that their culture is better than other cultures or that their
culture should be the role model for other cultures would be classified as
Correct Answer
A. A. ethnocentric.
Explanation
People who believe that their culture is better than other cultures or that their culture should be the role model for other cultures would be classified as ethnocentric. This term refers to the belief in the superiority of one's own culture and the tendency to judge other cultures based on the standards and values of one's own culture. Ethnocentrism can lead to prejudice and discrimination against other cultures, but it is not necessarily synonymous with racism or stereotyping.
7.
. People who have biased beliefs about group members that are not based on direct
experience and firsthand knowledge or have irrational feelings of dislike and even
hatred for certain groups would be classified as
Correct Answer
C. C. prejudiced.
Explanation
People who have biased beliefs about group members that are not based on direct experience and firsthand knowledge or have irrational feelings of dislike and even hatred for certain groups would be classified as prejudiced. Prejudice refers to preconceived opinions or attitudes towards a particular group, which are often negative and unfair. It involves making judgments or assumptions about individuals based on their group membership, without considering their individual characteristics or qualities. Prejudice can be based on various factors such as race, ethnicity, religion, gender, or social class.
8.
. All of the following statements are characteristics of people who have prejudices
EXCEPT
Correct Answer
A. A. They deny opportunities granted to certain groups of people such as employment,
equal rights, and housing.
Explanation
Prejudiced individuals typically exhibit all of the characteristics mentioned in options b, c, d, and e. They form beliefs about others without extensive experience or firsthand knowledge, have irrational feelings or dislike for certain groups, justify negative feelings toward certain groups, and hold negative attitudes based on faulty stereotypes. However, option a contradicts the characteristics of prejudices as it states that prejudiced individuals deny opportunities to certain groups. Prejudiced individuals may indeed deny opportunities, but this option suggests that it is a characteristic of prejudice, which is incorrect.
9.
Which of the following traits are included in the Big Five Personality Traits and in
the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
Correct Answer
A. A. extraversion
Explanation
The trait of extraversion is included in both the Big Five Personality Traits and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
10.
. In dialectic terms, the opposite or counterpart of a Myers-Briggs judger is
Correct Answer
E. E. a perceiver.
Explanation
In dialectic terms, the opposite or counterpart of a Myers-Briggs judger is a perceiver. This is because Myers-Briggs judgers tend to prefer structure, organization, and planning, while perceivers tend to be more flexible, adaptable, and spontaneous. Judgers like to have a clear plan and make decisions quickly, while perceivers prefer to keep their options open and gather more information before making a decision. Therefore, a perceiver is the opposite or counterpart of a judger in terms of their preference for structure and decision-making.
11.
. Oscar is very outgoing and tends to talk more than others during group
discussions. He enjoys working in the group and encourages others to get
involved. Which Myers-Briggs personality trait best describes Jasper?
Correct Answer
B. B. extrovert
Explanation
Jasper's tendency to talk more than others during group discussions and his enjoyment of working in a group and encouraging others to get involved suggest that he is outgoing and sociable. These traits align with the extroverted personality type in the Myers-Briggs system, making option b. extrovert the best description for Jasper.
12.
. Wanda tends to focus on details of the group project. She prefers to concentrate
on one task at a time. Of all the group members, Wanda may be the most
practical and realistic. Which Myers-Briggs personality trait best describes
Wanda?
Correct Answer
A. A. sensor
Explanation
Wanda's tendency to focus on details and her preference for concentrating on one task at a time suggest that she is practical and realistic. These traits align with the sensor personality trait in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Sensors are known for their attention to detail, practicality, and preference for concrete information. They rely on their five senses to gather information and are often focused on the present moment. Therefore, the sensor personality trait best describes Wanda.
13.
. Kim is people-oriented. She wants everyone in the group to get along. She often
spends extra time helping other group members. Which Myers-Briggs personality
trait best describes Kim?
Correct Answer
E. E. feeler
Explanation
Kim's behavior of wanting everyone in the group to get along and spending extra time helping other group members suggests that she prioritizes harmony and empathy in her interactions. This aligns with the personality trait of being a "feeler" in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Feelers tend to be empathetic, compassionate, and concerned about the feelings and needs of others.
14.
. Dennis is always the most organized member of his group. He frequently
encourages the group to plan ahead. He develops lengthy "To Do" lists of tasks
for the group to follow. Which Myers-Briggs personality trait best describes
Dennis?
Correct Answer
B. B. judger
Explanation
Dennis is described as being organized and encouraging the group to plan ahead. He also develops detailed "To Do" lists for the group. These characteristics align with the judger personality trait in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Judgers tend to be structured, organized, and prefer to plan and make decisions in advance. Therefore, the best description for Dennis based on the given information is a judger.
15.
. Even when everyone else in the group is upset or confused, Anthony stays cool,
calm, and objective. He doesn't mind making tough decisions and can't
understand why other group members get upset about things that are not relevant
to the issue under discussion. In most situations, Anthony thinks it is more
important to be right than liked. Which Myers-Briggs personality trait best
describes Anthony?
Correct Answer
D. D. thinker
Explanation
The passage describes Anthony as someone who stays cool, calm, and objective, doesn't mind making tough decisions, and prioritizes being right over being liked. These traits align with the Myers-Briggs personality trait of a thinker. Thinkers tend to be logical, analytical, and objective in their decision-making, which is consistent with Anthony's behavior in the passage.
16.
. Reggie is highly structured and good at coordinating the group's work and
keeping it organized. He never misses a deadline and expects others to do the
same. Which Myers-Briggs personality trait best describes Reggie?
Correct Answer
B. B. judger
Explanation
Reggie's ability to coordinate and keep the group's work organized, as well as his expectation for others to meet deadlines, suggests that he has a preference for structure and order. This aligns with the judger personality trait in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, which is characterized by a preference for planning, organization, and a desire for closure.
17.
. Jason appears to be a very private person. He carefully thinks about what he is
going to say before speaking. He enjoys the group but would prefer to work alone.
Which Myers-Briggs personality trait best describes Jason?
Correct Answer
B. B. introvert
Explanation
Based on the given information, Jason prefers to work alone and carefully thinks before speaking, indicating that he is more introverted. Introverts tend to be more reserved, thoughtful, and prefer solitary activities over group settings. Therefore, the best Myers-Briggs personality trait that describes Jason is "introvert".
18.
. Which scholar(s) define(s) an intercultural dimension as an aspect of a culture
that can be measured relative to other cultures?
Correct Answer
B. B. Geert Hofstede
Explanation
Geert Hofstede defines an intercultural dimension as an aspect of a culture that can be measured relative to other cultures.
19.
. Which of the following cultural dimensions is ranked very high in the United
States?
Correct Answer
A. A. individualism
Explanation
The United States is known for its emphasis on individualism, which values personal freedom, independence, and self-reliance. This cultural dimension is reflected in various aspects of American society, such as the focus on individual achievements, the promotion of individual rights and freedoms, and the encouragement of individual decision-making. This is in contrast to collectivism, which places greater importance on group harmony, cooperation, and interdependence. Therefore, the correct answer is a. individualism.
20.
. Which of the following groups of countries is the most collectivist?
Correct Answer
B. B. Central and South America
Explanation
Central and South America is the most collectivist group of countries because collectivism refers to a cultural value that emphasizes the importance of the group over the individual. Central and South American societies tend to prioritize communal goals, social harmony, and interdependence, which are characteristics of collectivist cultures. This is in contrast to individualistic cultures, which prioritize personal goals, independence, and self-reliance.
21.
. Collectivist cultures place greater value on
Correct Answer
D. D. collaboration and cooperation.
Explanation
Collectivist cultures prioritize the needs and goals of the group over individual desires. Collaboration and cooperation are essential in these cultures as they promote harmony and unity within the community. Individuals are expected to work together towards common objectives, emphasizing teamwork and shared responsibility. This value system fosters a strong sense of belonging and social cohesion, enhancing the collective well-being of the society.
22.
. In high-context cultures, messages are
Correct Answer
A. A. implicit.
Explanation
In high-context cultures, messages are implicit. This means that the meaning is conveyed through non-verbal cues, context, and shared knowledge. In these cultures, people rely heavily on indirect communication and understand the underlying meaning behind words and actions. Explicit communication, on the other hand, is more direct and relies on clear and specific language. Objective and factual messages may be present in high-context cultures, but they are often conveyed implicitly rather than explicitly. Therefore, the correct answer is a. implicit.
23.
. In cultures with high uncertainty avoidance, people
Correct Answer
E. E. want predictability and clear rules of behavior.
Explanation
In cultures with high uncertainty avoidance, people prefer predictability and clear rules of behavior. This is because they feel uncomfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty, and seek stability and structure in their lives. They value established norms and regulations as a way to minimize risk and ensure order. They may be less open to change and more resistant to taking risks, as they prefer to stick to familiar and predictable routines. Therefore, the desire for predictability and clear rules of behavior aligns with the characteristics of cultures with high uncertainty avoidance.
24.
. In ___________cultures, people are more dependent on language to express what
they mean.
Correct Answer
C. C. low-context
Explanation
In low-context cultures, people rely heavily on language to convey their thoughts and intentions. This is because communication in these cultures tends to be direct and explicit, with little reliance on nonverbal cues or shared understandings. In contrast, high-context cultures prioritize nonverbal communication and shared cultural knowledge, so language may be less important for expressing meaning. Therefore, the correct answer is c. low-context.
25.
. More monochronic cultures are in
Correct Answer
D. D. northern Europe and North America.
Explanation
The correct answer is d. northern Europe and North America. Monochronic cultures are characterized by a linear perception of time, where tasks are done one at a time and punctuality is highly valued. Northern Europe and North America are known for their monochronic cultures, where people tend to adhere to strict schedules and prioritize efficiency and punctuality. In contrast, other regions such as Central and South America, Asia, southern Africa, and northern Africa have more polychronic cultures, where time is seen as more fluid and flexible, and people tend to engage in multiple tasks simultaneously.
26.
. Which characteristics are common in monochronic time cultures?
Correct Answer
A. A. Members like to concentrate on one job before moving to another.
Explanation
In monochronic time cultures, members prefer to focus on one task at a time before moving on to another. This indicates that they value completing tasks sequentially and giving their full attention to each task. This characteristic is in contrast to polychronic time cultures, where individuals are comfortable multitasking and handling multiple tasks simultaneously. Therefore, the common characteristic in monochronic time cultures is the preference for concentrating on one job before moving to another.
27.
. In cultures with masculine values,
Correct Answer
E. E. all of the above are true
Explanation
In cultures with masculine values, both men and women are expected to conform to certain gender roles. Men are expected to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success, while women are expected to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life. Therefore, all of the statements in options a, b, c, and d are true in cultures with masculine values.
28.
. According to Hofstede, the people of Japan, Venezuela, and Italy live in a(n)
________________ culture.
Correct Answer
D. D. masculine
Explanation
According to Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, Japan, Venezuela, and Italy are classified as having a "masculine" culture. This means that these societies tend to value assertiveness, competition, and achievement. In masculine cultures, there is a greater emphasis on success, material possessions, and status. This is in contrast to feminine cultures, which prioritize cooperation, nurturing, and quality of life.
29.
. People who share beliefs such as "It is the duck that squawks that gets shot," or
"Seeing is better than hearing," would be characterized as members of a
_______________ culture.
Correct Answer
B. B. high-context
Explanation
People who share beliefs such as "It is the duck that squawks that gets shot," or "Seeing is better than hearing," would be characterized as members of a high-context culture. This is because high-context cultures rely heavily on nonverbal cues, shared experiences, and implicit communication. In these cultures, messages are often indirect, and understanding is derived from the context and underlying meaning rather than explicit words or actions.
30.
. According to Hofstede's dimensions of culture, which country is ranked #1 in
terms of masculine values?
Correct Answer
B. B. Japan
Explanation
Japan is ranked #1 in terms of masculine values according to Hofstede's dimensions of culture. This means that Japan values qualities such as assertiveness, competitiveness, and achievement. In Japanese culture, there is a strong emphasis on success and achievement, and individuals are expected to be assertive and competitive in order to succeed. This is reflected in various aspects of Japanese society, including the workplace, where long working hours and dedication to one's job are highly valued.
31.
. High uncertainty avoidance is characterized by beliefs that
Correct Answer
C. C. deviant ideas and behavior should be suppressed.
Explanation
High uncertainty avoidance is characterized by beliefs that deviant ideas and behavior should be suppressed. This means that in a culture with high uncertainty avoidance, there is a strong desire to minimize ambiguity and maintain stability. People in such cultures tend to be more rule-oriented and conformist, as they believe that deviating from social norms and expectations can lead to chaos and uncertainty. Therefore, they tend to suppress ideas and behaviors that are seen as deviant or outside the accepted norms of the society.
32.
. Which cultural dimension would be characterized by the following components:
(1) subordinates should be consulted; (2) privileges and status symbols are
frowned upon; (3) parents treat their children as equals; and (4) teachers expect
students to express their opinions in class?
Correct Answer
D. D. low power distance
Explanation
This cultural dimension would be characterized by low power distance. In a low power distance culture, subordinates are encouraged to be consulted and have a say in decision-making processes. Privileges and status symbols are frowned upon, indicating a more egalitarian society. Parents treating their children as equals and teachers expecting students to express their opinions in class further emphasize a lack of power distance and a more equal distribution of power and authority.
33.
. Which of the following statements would be made by someone from a low-context
culture?
Correct Answer
D. D. I like to be accurate, clear, and direct when I talk to others.
Explanation
Someone from a low-context culture values accuracy, clarity, and directness in communication. In low-context cultures, communication is usually explicit and relies heavily on verbal communication rather than nonverbal cues or indirect messages. This preference for directness stems from the belief that clear and precise communication is essential for effective understanding and avoids any potential misunderstandings.
34.
. In You Just Don't Understand, Deborah Tannen's two-world hypothesis concludes
that
Correct Answer
E. E. all of the above are true
Explanation
The correct answer is e. all of the above are true. In her book "You Just Don't Understand," Deborah Tannen proposes the two-world hypothesis, which suggests that men and women have different communication styles and priorities. According to Tannen, men tend to seek status and independence in their communication, while women seek connection and interdependence. Therefore, all of the statements mentioned in options a, b, c, and d are true based on Tannen's hypothesis.
35.
. Your textbook urges both men and women to adapt to the opposite sex's way of
thinking and making decisions by heeding all of the following recommendations
EXCEPT
Correct Answer
E. E. Women should avoid disagreeing and arguing with men.
Explanation
The textbook suggests that both men and women should adapt to the opposite sex's way of thinking and making decisions. It provides recommendations such as men not using sarcasm and women not forcing men to talk about emotions. It also suggests that women should ask men what they think rather than what they feel, and that men should listen to women without trying to solve their problems. However, the textbook does not recommend that women should avoid disagreeing and arguing with men.
36.
. All of the following communication behaviors are discussed in Cheris Kramarae's
Muted Group Theory EXCEPT
Correct Answer
C. C. Women should avoid challenging men in positions of power.
Explanation
In Cheris Kramarae's Muted Group Theory, the focus is on the power imbalances that affect the quantity and quality of group participation by women, as well as the poor and other minorities. It emphasizes how male dominance limits freedom of expression for these marginalized groups. However, it does not suggest that women should avoid challenging men in positions of power. Instead, it encourages women to become more politically active and challenge power imbalances.
37.
. Which generation is described as follows: they are confident and have high self-esteem, are collaborators who favor teamwork, and generally like keeping their
career options open.
Correct Answer
D. D. Millennials
Explanation
Millennials are described as confident and having high self-esteem, which aligns with the given description. They are also known for their preference for collaboration and teamwork, which is mentioned in the description. Additionally, millennials are known for valuing career flexibility and keeping their options open, which is also stated in the description. Therefore, the given description accurately matches the characteristics of the millennial generation.
38.
. Which generation is described as follows: they are workaholics who are willing to
challenge the status quo and are politically adept on the job. They believe that
they are always right, but are willing to work hard to get what they want.
Correct Answer
B. B. Boomers
Explanation
The correct answer is Boomers. This generation is known for their strong work ethic and willingness to challenge established norms. They are politically savvy and believe in their own abilities. They are willing to put in the hard work necessary to achieve their goals.
39.
. A 2007 study of college students investigating whether men or women talk more
found that
Correct Answer
C. C. generally, men talk more than women.
Explanation
The correct answer is c. generally, men talk more than women. This answer is supported by the 2007 study of college students investigating whether men or women talk more. The study found that, in general, men tend to talk more than women.
40.
. All of the following statements about religion are true EXCEPT
Correct Answer
C. C. 1/2 of the world's population is Muslim.
Explanation
The given answer is incorrect because statement c is actually true. Approximately 1/4 of the world's population identifies as Muslim, not 1/2. The correct answer is b. 1/3 of the world's population is Christian.
41.
. Which of the following religions is the oldest?
Correct Answer
C. C. Judaism
Explanation
Judaism is considered the oldest religion because its origins can be traced back to ancient times, specifically to the Hebrew Bible and the teachings of the ancient Israelites. It is believed to have originated around 2000 BCE, making it one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the world. Judaism has had a significant influence on the development of other Abrahamic religions such as Christianity and Islam.