Gebhardt---atoms and Atomic Structure Notes Check

1. What are most atoms made of?

Molecules

Water

Protons, neutrons and electrons

None of the above

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. They are composed of subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. Therefore, most atoms are made up of these three fundamental particles.

Explanation

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. They are composed of subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. Therefore, most atoms are made up of these three fundamental particles.

2. What is the charge given to electrons?

Negative

No charge

Positive

None of the above

Electrons are negatively charged particles. They carry a negative charge, which is equal in magnitude to the positive charge carried by protons. This charge allows electrons to interact with other particles and participate in various chemical and electrical processes.

Explanation

Electrons are negatively charged particles. They carry a negative charge, which is equal in magnitude to the positive charge carried by protons. This charge allows electrons to interact with other particles and participate in various chemical and electrical processes.

3. Using the sodium: Atomic number of 11 and Atomic Mass of 22.999; how many electrons would Sodium have?

10

11

12

13

Sodium has an atomic number of 11, which indicates the number of protons in its nucleus. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Therefore, sodium would have 11 electrons.

Explanation

Sodium has an atomic number of 11, which indicates the number of protons in its nucleus. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Therefore, sodium would have 11 electrons.

4. Which of the following has the smallest mass?

Proton

Electron

Neutron

They all have the same mass and there is no difference

The electron has the smallest mass among the given options. Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, which is much larger than the mass of an electron. Therefore, the electron has the smallest mass compared to the other particles listed.

Explanation

The electron has the smallest mass among the given options. Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, which is much larger than the mass of an electron. Therefore, the electron has the smallest mass compared to the other particles listed.

5. Sodium is an element that makes up table salt. Its atomic number is 11 and its atomic mass is 22.999. How many neutrons does this Sodium atom have?

10

11

12

13

The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus, which in this case is 11 for sodium. The atomic mass of an element represents the sum of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Since the atomic mass of sodium is 22.999 and the atomic number is 11, we can subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass to find the number of neutrons. Therefore, the number of neutrons in this sodium atom is 12.

Explanation

The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in its nucleus, which in this case is 11 for sodium. The atomic mass of an element represents the sum of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Since the atomic mass of sodium is 22.999 and the atomic number is 11, we can subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass to find the number of neutrons. Therefore, the number of neutrons in this sodium atom is 12.