1.
What was the time period of Old English?
Correct Answer
C. 450-1066
Explanation
The time period of Old English was from 450-1066. This was the period when the English language was first introduced and developed in England. It was a time of great cultural and linguistic change, with the English language evolving from its Germanic roots and being influenced by Latin and French. Old English is characterized by its use of inflections and a vocabulary that is quite different from modern English. It was eventually replaced by Middle English around the 12th century.
2.
Language uses:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Words
C. Ideas
D. Thoughts
E. Sentences
G. Minds of the listener/reader
Explanation
Language uses words, ideas, thoughts, sentences, and the minds of the listener/reader to convey meaning and communicate. Words are the building blocks of language, used to represent and express concepts. Ideas and thoughts are the content or information that is being conveyed through language. Sentences are the organized structure that combines words and ideas to form coherent communication. The minds of the listener/reader are essential in the process of understanding and interpreting language. Overall, language relies on these elements to effectively convey messages and facilitate communication between individuals.
3.
Language is unique to humans.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
Language is unique to humans because it is a complex system of communication that involves the use of symbols, grammar, and syntax. While other animals may have forms of communication, they do not possess the same level of complexity and versatility as human language. Humans have the ability to convey abstract concepts, express emotions, and engage in complex conversations. Additionally, humans have the capacity for language acquisition and the ability to create new languages. Therefore, it can be concluded that language is indeed unique to humans.
4.
Language is the most ______________ communication system.
Correct Answer
complex
intricate
complicated
Explanation
Language is considered the most complex communication system because it involves the use of words, grammar, syntax, and semantics to convey meaning. It is a highly intricate system that allows humans to express their thoughts, emotions, and ideas. Additionally, language is constantly evolving and varies across different cultures and regions, making it even more complex. Therefore, all three options - complex, intricate, and complicated - accurately describe the nature of language as a communication system.
5.
Language is made up of:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Meanings
C. Phrases/sentences
D. Sounds
F. Words
G. Discourse
Explanation
There are many ways to communicate. Language involves all of those ways, including words and what they mean, words that form sentences, letters that form sounds, words, and written language or discourse.
6.
The study of the history of words and how their form and meaning changed is called:
Correct Answer
B. Etymology
Explanation
Etymology is the history of words and how their form and meaning changed over time.
7.
History of a language consists of:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Emergence
B. Changes over period of its existence
C. Causes of change
Explanation
The history of a language encompasses its emergence, the changes that occur over the course of its existence, and the causes behind those changes. This includes understanding how the language originated, how it evolved over time, and the factors that influenced its development and transformation. By studying these aspects, linguists and historians can gain insights into the cultural, social, and historical contexts that shaped the language and its usage.
8.
Who fought naked and painted blue in wars?
Correct Answer
B. Celts
Explanation
The Celts fought naked and painted blue in wars. The Celts were a group of ancient tribes that inhabited parts of Europe, particularly in the British Isles and Gaul (modern-day France). They were known for their fierce warrior culture and often fought in battles without any armor or clothing, relying on their bravery and skill. The practice of painting themselves blue with woad dye was believed to intimidate their enemies and enhance their warrior spirit. This unique fighting style and appearance set the Celts apart from other civilizations during that time.
9.
What did the Celts' lack of political unity make them vulnerable?
Correct Answer
D. Enemies
Explanation
The Celts' lack of political unity made them vulnerable to enemies. Without a centralized government or a strong leadership, the Celts were unable to effectively defend themselves against external threats. This lack of unity allowed enemies to exploit divisions among the Celtic tribes and easily conquer them.
10.
Each Celtic tribe was headed by a:
Correct Answer
A. King
Explanation
Each Celtic tribe was headed by a king. In Celtic society, the king held the highest position of authority and power. They were responsible for making important decisions, leading their tribe in warfare, and maintaining order within the community. The king's role was not only political but also had religious significance, as they were often seen as a divine figure and a link between the earthly realm and the spiritual realm. The king's leadership was crucial in maintaining the unity and stability of the tribe.
11.
Each Celtic tribe was them divided by class into:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Ruids
B. Warriors
C. Nobles
E. Commoners
Explanation
The correct answer is the division of each Celtic tribe into different classes: ruids, warriors, nobles, and commoners. This division was based on their roles and responsibilities within the tribe. The ruids were the religious leaders and advisors, the warriors were responsible for protecting the tribe, the nobles were the ruling class, and the commoners were the general population. This hierarchical structure helped maintain order and organization within the tribe.
12.
Ceaser invaded England with a Roman army in:
Correct Answer
B. 55BC and 54BC
Explanation
Julius Caesar invaded Britain with a Roman army in 55 BC and 54 BC. These expeditions were part of Caesar's Gallic Wars and marked the first Roman incursions into Britain. In 55 BC, Caesar launched his initial invasion of Britain with two legions, landing on the southeastern coast, possibly near present-day Deal. This expedition was met with resistance from the local Celtic tribes, but the Romans eventually established a temporary foothold. However, they withdrew back to Gaul (modern-day France) later that year due to a lack of supplies and the need to attend to other conflicts. In 54 BC, Caesar launched a second invasion of Britain, this time with a larger force of five legions and around 2,000 cavalry. The Romans achieved more success during this campaign, pushing further inland and engaging in several battles with the native Britons. However, Caesar and his army were once again forced to return to Gaul due to various factors, including the need to address political issues and conflicts in Rome. While Caesar's invasions did not result in the permanent occupation of Britain by the Romans, they paved the way for the eventual Roman conquest of Britain, which began in earnest in AD 43 during the reign of Emperor Claudius.
13.
How much longer after Ceaser's invasions did the Romans invade and settle?
Correct Answer
B. 90
Explanation
The Romans invaded and settled in Britain approximately 90 years after Julius Caesar's invasions. Caesar made two expeditions to Britain in 55 and 54 BC, but these were more of reconnaissance missions rather than full-scale invasions. It wasn't until AD 43, during the reign of Emperor Claudius, that a Roman army led by Aulus Plautius successfully invaded and began the process of conquering and settling in Britain.
The Roman occupation of Britain lasted for nearly four centuries, with the Romans establishing towns, roads, and fortifications throughout the region. This period of Roman rule had a lasting impact on British culture, society, and language, and many traces of the Roman presence can still be seen in Britain today.
14.
The Romans controlled England for (approx) __________ years.
Correct Answer
400
Explanation
The Romans controlled England for approximately 400 years.
15.
After the Romans left in the mid-fifth century (410AD), peace and hope followed in England.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
war, social unrest, and turbulence followed.
16.
After the Romans left, they left a ____________ influence.
Correct Answer
Christian
christian
Explanation
After the Romans left, they left a Christian influence. The Romans were known for their adoption and spread of Christianity, which became the dominant religion in the Roman Empire. As a result, their departure would have left behind a lasting impact of Christian beliefs, practices, and institutions in the regions they once occupied. The lowercase "christian" is likely included as an alternative spelling of the same word, reinforcing the idea that the influence left behind was specifically Christian in nature.
17.
During which centuries did the Germanic tribes carve out kingdoms and fight for land? (all AD)
Correct Answer
B. 6th and 7th
Explanation
During the 6th and 7th centuries, the Germanic tribes were actively involved in carving out kingdoms and engaging in battles to secure land. This period marked a significant time of expansion and territorial acquisition for the Germanic tribes, as they sought to establish their dominance and expand their territories. The 6th and 7th centuries witnessed intense competition and conflicts among these tribes as they vied for control over land and resources.
18.
The Germanic tribes migrated to England soon after the __________ left.
Correct Answer
Romans
romans
Explanation
The given correct answer is "Romans, romans." The Germanic tribes migrated to England soon after the Romans left. The Romans had a significant presence in England, establishing cities, roads, and infrastructure. When the Romans withdrew from England in the 5th century, it created a power vacuum that the Germanic tribes, such as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, took advantage of and migrated to England. They eventually settled and established their own kingdoms, leading to the Anglo-Saxon period in English history.
19.
England was named ____________ then ______________.
Correct Answer
C. Anglecynn, Englaland
Explanation
The correct answer is Anglecynn, Englaland. This is because England was originally named Anglecynn, which means "land of the Angles" in Old English. Over time, the name evolved and became Englaland, which eventually transformed into England.
20.
Who distinguished the same names by job/homeland?
Correct Answer
C. Angles, Saxons, Jutes
Explanation
Angles, Saxons, and Jutes distinguished same names by job or homeland. This refers to the practice of using additional descriptors such as occupation or place of origin to differentiate individuals with the same name. This practice was common among these Germanic tribes during the early medieval period. By adding these extra details, they were able to avoid confusion and ensure clarity in identifying individuals.
21.
What percentage of modern english is derived from old english?
Correct Answer
C. 1/5
Explanation
Approximately 20% of modern English is derived from Old English. This can be attributed to the influence of the Germanic tribes, particularly the Anglo-Saxons, who settled in England during the early medieval period. Old English was the language spoken by these tribes, and it heavily influenced the development of the English language. Over time, English has also borrowed words from other languages, such as Latin and French, further diversifying its vocabulary. However, the core structure and many basic words of modern English can still be traced back to Old English.
22.
The blend of dialects after the arrival of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes is known as Old English or __________-_____________.
Correct Answer
Anglo-Saxon, Anglo Saxon
Explanation
The blend of dialects after the arrival of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes is known as Old English or Anglo-Saxon. The term "Anglo-Saxon" refers to the Germanic tribes who migrated to England during the 5th and 6th centuries. It is used to describe the language, culture, and people of this time period. The variations in capitalization (Anglo-Saxon, anglo-saxon, Anglo-saxon) do not affect the meaning of the term and all refer to the same concept.
23.
England was inhabited by Celts until what time?
Correct Answer
B. 5th century Bc
Explanation
The correct answer is 5th century BC. This is because historical evidence suggests that the Celts inhabited England until around the 5th century BC, after which they were gradually displaced by other groups such as the Romans and the Anglo-Saxons.
24.
When the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes arrive, ___________ words are introduced.
Correct Answer
C. Latin
Explanation
When the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes arrived, they brought with them the Latin language. Latin was the language spoken by the Romans and it had a significant influence on the development of the English language. Many Latin words were incorporated into Old English, which eventually evolved into Modern English. The introduction of Latin words enriched the vocabulary of the English language and made it more complex and sophisticated. Therefore, Latin is the correct answer.
25.
The Anglo-Saxons didnt write anything until they became __________________.
Correct Answer
Christianized
christianized
Explanation
The correct answer is "Christianized" or "christianized". This suggests that the Anglo-Saxons did not have a tradition of writing until they adopted Christianity. Once they became Christianized, they likely began to write and record their beliefs, stories, and history. This conversion to Christianity would have had a significant impact on their culture and practices, including the adoption of writing as a means of communication and documentation.
26.
When did the Vikings come to England?
Correct Answer
A. 8/9th centuries
Explanation
The Vikings came to England during the 8th and 9th centuries. This period is often referred to as the Viking Age, when Norse seafarers from Scandinavia began raiding and settling in various parts of Europe, including England. The Vikings had a significant impact on English history, with their invasions leading to political and social changes in the region.
27.
The Vikings renamed Briton _____________.
Correct Answer
Danelaw
danelaw
Explanation
The Vikings renamed Briton as Danelaw. The term "Danelaw" refers to the area of England that was under Viking control during the 9th and 10th centuries. It was a region where Danish law and customs were followed, hence the name "Danelaw." This renaming reflected the significant influence and power that the Vikings had over parts of England during this time period.
28.
Who distinguished same names by adding the father's name?
Correct Answer
D. Vikings
Explanation
The Vikings distinguished same names by adding the father's name. This practice was common among the Norse people, who often used patronymic naming systems. For example, if a man named Erik had a son named Olaf, Olaf would be known as Olaf Eriksson, meaning "Olaf, son of Erik." This helped to differentiate individuals with the same given name and also emphasized the importance of lineage and family ties in Viking society.
29.
Normans held the crown for 25 years.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
True. The Normans held the English crown for approximately 25 years, starting from 1066, when William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings and was crowned King of England. The Norman dynasty ruled England until 1087, when William's son, William Rufus, succeeded him. This period saw significant changes in English society, including the introduction of Norman customs and the establishment of the feudal system.
30.
Viking language was called Norse.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The Viking language was indeed called Norse. Norse was a North Germanic language spoken by the Vikings during the Viking Age, which lasted from the 8th to the 11th century. It was primarily spoken in the Scandinavian countries, including present-day Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Norse had several dialects, with Old Norse being the most well-known and widely studied. This language played a significant role in the cultural and historical development of the Viking civilization.
31.
The mixing of Anglo-Saxon and ___________ resulted in a new language.
Correct Answer
Norse
norse
Explanation
The mixing of Anglo-Saxon and Norse resulted in a new language. Norse refers to the language spoken by the Norse people, who were from Scandinavia. This mixing of languages occurred during the Viking Age when the Norse people invaded and settled in parts of Britain. As a result, the English language evolved and incorporated many Norse words and influences, leading to the development of Old English.
32.
Beowolf is the earliest and greatest poem in ________ English.
Correct Answer
B. Old
Explanation
Beowulf is considered the earliest and greatest poem in Old English. This epic poem, believed to have been composed between the 8th and 11th centuries, tells the story of a hero named Beowulf and his battles against various monsters. The language used in Beowulf is Old English, which was spoken in England from the 5th to the 11th centuries. It is characterized by its use of Germanic vocabulary and grammatical structures, and it is distinct from Middle English and Modern English, which developed later.
33.
Beowolf was written by Jules Verne.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
False. "Beowulf" was not written by Jules Verne. "Beowulf" is an Old English epic poem of unknown authorship, believed to have been composed between the 8th and 11th centuries. The poem tells the story of the Scandinavian hero Beowulf, who battles a series of monsters and demons. Jules Verne, on the other hand, was a French author who lived from 1828 to 1905 and is best known for his science fiction novels, such as "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" and "Journey to the Center of the Earth."
34.
Beowolf was written ___________ years ago.
Correct Answer
D. 1200
Explanation
Beowulf was written around 1200 years ago. This epic poem, believed to be composed between the 8th and 11th centuries, is one of the oldest surviving works of English literature. Its exact date of composition is uncertain, but it is commonly estimated to have been written around the 9th or 10th century. The poem tells the story of Beowulf, a hero who battles various monsters and dragons. Its historical and cultural significance makes Beowulf an important piece of literature in understanding the early English language and culture.
35.
Beowolf fights ___________, ____________'s mother, and the fiery dragon in the poem.
Correct Answer
Grendel
grendel
Explanation
In the poem Beowulf, the protagonist fights against three main adversaries: Grendel, Grendel's mother, and the fiery dragon. Grendel is a monstrous creature who terrorizes the kingdom of Hrothgar, and Beowulf takes on the challenge of defeating him. After Grendel's death, his vengeful mother seeks retribution and Beowulf confronts her in battle as well. Lastly, towards the end of the poem, Beowulf faces a fierce dragon that threatens his kingdom, and he valiantly fights against it.
36.
Kennings are:
Correct Answer
B. Metaphors formed by hyphenating 2 words
Explanation
The correct answer is metaphors formed by hyphenating 2 words. A kenning is a type of metaphorical expression that combines two words or phrases to create a new compound word. This compound word is usually hyphenated and serves as a descriptive term or metaphor for something else. Kenning is a literary device commonly used in Old Norse and Old English poetry to create vivid and imaginative descriptions. Examples of kennings include "whale-road" for the sea and "battle-sweat" for blood. Therefore, kennings are metaphors formed by hyphenating two words.
37.
Old English period shows admiration for ____________.
Correct Answer
Heroism
heroism
heroes
Heroes
Explanation
During the Old English period, there was a strong admiration for heroism. This can be seen in the literature and poetry of the time, which often celebrated the heroic deeds and virtues of warriors and leaders. Heroes were highly regarded and their actions were praised and honored. The use of both capitalized and lowercase forms of "heroism" and "heroes" in the answer options suggests that the admiration for heroism was widespread and encompassed different aspects of heroic qualities.
38.
Poets recorded deeds of:
Correct Answer
D. Kings
Explanation
The correct answer is Kings because throughout history, poets have often been inspired by the lives and actions of powerful rulers. Kings hold a significant position in society and their deeds, whether heroic or tyrannical, are often seen as worthy of poetic praise and remembrance. Poets often use their craft to immortalize the stories and legacies of kings, highlighting their achievements, struggles, and impact on their kingdoms. By recording the deeds of kings, poets contribute to the preservation of history and the celebration of royal power and influence.
39.
Kings during the Old English time period wanted:
Correct Answer
B. Success and immortality
Explanation
During the Old English time period, kings desired success and immortality. This implies that they sought to achieve great accomplishments and leave a lasting legacy behind. Success would have meant gaining victories in battles, expanding their territories, and maintaining control over their subjects. Immortality refers to the kings' desire to be remembered and revered even after their death. They wanted to be seen as powerful and influential rulers whose achievements would be celebrated for generations to come.
40.
Old English is symbolic of the ___________ alphabet.
Correct Answer
Runic
runic
Explanation
Old English is symbolic of the runic alphabet. The runic alphabet was used by the Germanic peoples, including the Anglo-Saxons, who spoke Old English. Runic script was used to write various Germanic languages, including Old English, before the adoption of the Latin alphabet. Therefore, the term "runic" accurately describes the alphabet associated with Old English.
41.
The ____________ alphabet was borrowed to write in Old English.
Correct Answer
Roman
roman
Explanation
Old English was written using the Roman alphabet, which was borrowed from the Romans. This alphabet, also known as the Latin alphabet, was adopted by the Anglo-Saxons who spoke Old English. The use of the Roman alphabet allowed them to write and communicate in their language, and it has continued to be used in English writing ever since.
42.
In Old English, the pronunciation of vowel and consonant sounds is very:
Correct Answer
C. Different
Explanation
Old English had a significantly different pronunciation of vowel and consonant sounds compared to modern English. The vowel sounds were pronounced differently, with some vowels having longer durations and different qualities. Additionally, certain consonant sounds, such as the "th" sound, were pronounced differently in Old English. Therefore, the correct answer is "different."
43.
Old English has many endings for nouns, pronouns, ajdectives, and a ______________ verb system.
Correct Answer
A. Complex
Explanation
Old English has many endings for nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and a complex verb system. This indicates that the verb system in Old English is intricate and consists of multiple forms and endings.
44.
Who is the Duke of Normandy?
Correct Answer
B. William the Conqueror
Explanation
William the Conqueror is the Duke of Normandy. He earned this title after successfully conquering England in 1066 in the Battle of Hastings. As a result, he became the first Norman King of England.
45.
When did William the Conqueror invade England?
Correct Answer
D. 1066 AD
Explanation
William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066 AD. This invasion, known as the Norman Conquest, led to the Battle of Hastings, where William defeated the English king Harold II. This event marked the beginning of Norman rule in England and had a significant impact on the country's history and culture.
46.
The new dialect of old __________ was known as Anglo-Norman.
Correct Answer
English
Explanation
The sentence describes a new dialect that emerged from Old English, and this new dialect is called Anglo-Norman. Anglo-Norman developed after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 when the Normans, led by William the Conqueror, gained control of the country. The fusion of Old English with Norman French influences resulted in the creation of Anglo-Norman, which became a distinct variety of the language during the medieval period in England.
47.
England became _______________ in the Middle English time period.
Correct Answer
B. Trilingual
Explanation
During the Middle English period (approximately 11th to 15th century), England underwent linguistic changes, particularly due to the Norman Conquest of 1066. After the conquest, Anglo-Norman French became the language of the ruling class, coexisting with the Old English spoken by the general population. This period can be considered a bilingual phase in England, with both Anglo-Norman and Old English being used for different purposes in different segments of society.
48.
What does Norman mean?
Correct Answer
D. Norman
Explanation
"Norman" typically refers to a people or culture associated with the historical region of Normandy, which is located in northern France. The Normans were originally Vikings (Norsemen) who settled in the region during the 10th and 11th centuries. Over time, they adopted the local language and culture, blending their Norse heritage with the French elements of the region.
In a broader historical context, the term "Norman" is often used to describe the people who played a significant role in events such as the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, led by William the Conqueror. This event had a profound impact on English history, culture, and language, as it introduced Norman French influences into the English language and established a new ruling class in England.
49.
Approximately how many words were added to English by Normans?
Correct Answer
B. 13000
Explanation
It is challenging to provide an exact number, but it is estimated that thousands of words were added to English as a result of Norman influence following the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. While the exact count can vary, the figure commonly cited is around 10,000 to 13,000 words. Therefore, option B. 13,000 is a reasonable approximation of the number of words that entered the English language due to Norman French influence during that period.
50.
French was spoken in court for ___ centuries.
Correct Answer
3
Explanation
French was spoken in English courts for several centuries, specifically for about three centuries. The Norman Conquest in 1066 marked the beginning of significant French influence in England, and the use of French in the English court persisted until the late 14th century. Over time, English gradually reasserted itself, and by the end of the 14th century, English had become the dominant language in the English court. The use of French in official documents and legal proceedings diminished, marking a shift back toward English as the primary language of governance.