1.
Who was the most influential figure in American photography that leads a movement called the photo-secessionists (“distinctive medium of individual expression”), created a journal called Camera Work (art magazine), brought modern European Art to America, persuaded the MET to display photographs as art, and helped launch the careers of young photographers such as Ansel Adams and Paul Strand?
Correct Answer
B. Alfred Stieglitz
Explanation
Alfred Stieglitz was the most influential figure in American photography. He led a movement called the photo-secessionists, which emphasized the distinctive medium of individual expression. Stieglitz also created a journal called Camera Work, which was an important art magazine showcasing photography as a form of art. He played a crucial role in bringing modern European Art to America and persuaded the MET (Metropolitan Museum of Art) to display photographs as art. Stieglitz's influence extended to launching the careers of young photographers like Ansel Adams and Paul Strand.
2.
Who defined heliography as spontaneously reproducing the image received in the camera obscura by the action of light with all the gradations from black to white?
Correct Answer
B. JosepH NicepHore Niepce
Explanation
Joseph Nicephore Niepce is the correct answer because he is the one who defined heliography as the process of reproducing the image received in the camera obscura using light. Heliography was an early photographic process that involved using light-sensitive materials to capture and reproduce images. Niepce is known as one of the pioneers of photography and is credited with creating the first permanent photograph in 1826. His experiments with heliography laid the foundation for the development of modern photography.
3.
Who was the inventor of polaroid?
Correct Answer
C. Edwin Land
Explanation
Edwin Land is the correct answer because he was the inventor of the polaroid camera. He co-founded the Polaroid Corporation and developed the first instant camera, which allowed users to take a photo and have a physical print in just 60 seconds. Land's invention revolutionized photography and made it more accessible to the general public. His contribution to the field of instant photography is widely recognized and his invention continues to have an impact on the industry today.
4.
Who was the trained painter who went to England during the Crimean War to bring back revenue? He was also the world’s first photojournalist.
Correct Answer
A. Roger Fenton
Explanation
Roger Fenton was a trained painter who went to England during the Crimean War to bring back revenue. He is also known as the world's first photojournalist.
5.
Who invented the Express Detective Nadar Tropical with dry plates with Eastman roll film?
Correct Answer
C. Paul Nadar
Explanation
Paul Nadar is the correct answer because he was the inventor of the Express Detective Nadar Tropical with dry plates with Eastman roll film.
6.
Who photographed every town and village in the Alps by the inexpensive reproduction using the wet-plate negative?
Correct Answer
B. Bisson Auguste
Explanation
Bisson Auguste is the correct answer because he was a French photographer who extensively photographed the towns and villages in the Alps using the wet-plate negative process. This process was a relatively inexpensive method of reproduction during that time. Matthew Brady and Louis Daguerre were also notable photographers, but they were not specifically known for photographing the Alps using the wet-plate negative process.
7.
Who was the Civil War photographer who also photographed Abe Lincoln, U.S. Government bought his work, but soon after the war ended he wasn’t able to make much of an income because no one wanted to remember the war?
Correct Answer
B. Matthew Brady
Explanation
Matthew Brady was a Civil War photographer who gained recognition for his photographs of Abraham Lincoln. The U.S. Government purchased his work, but after the war ended, people did not want to remember the war, resulting in a decline in demand for his photographs. This lack of interest in war-related images likely led to Brady's inability to generate a significant income from his work.
8.
Who had an iron will and irrepressible zeal; wet-plate photographer; through this he/she photographed many people and through trial and error he/she took many pictures that favored his/her subjects somewhat in “motion?”
Correct Answer
B. Julia Margaret Cameron
Explanation
Julia Margaret Cameron had an iron will and irrepressible zeal as a wet-plate photographer. She experimented with different techniques and through trial and error, she was able to capture many pictures that favored her subjects somewhat in "motion."
9.
Who photographed this: "View of Yosemite Valley from Glacier Point?”
Correct Answer
A. Carleton Watkins
Explanation
Carleton Watkins is the correct answer because he was a renowned American photographer who captured the iconic "View of Yosemite Valley from Glacier Point." His landscape photography played a significant role in the establishment of Yosemite National Park and the conservation movement in the United States.
10.
Who conducted motion studies of horses’ hooves which were anatomical revelations and led to motion pictures?
Correct Answer
B. Eadward Muybridge
Explanation
Eadward Muybridge conducted motion studies of horses' hooves, which were anatomical revelations and led to motion pictures.
11.
Who was a resigned banker who turned into photographic plate manufacturing business owner, invented $25 cameras (mail it in and you receive more film back), revolutionized the photographic market with its simplicity of use and freedom from the mess of darkroom chemistry by inventing the folding camera?
Correct Answer
C. George Eastman
Explanation
George Eastman was a resigned banker who turned into a photographic plate manufacturing business owner. He revolutionized the photographic market by inventing the folding camera, which was a simple and easy-to-use camera that eliminated the need for darkroom chemistry. He also introduced the concept of affordable photography by inventing $25 cameras, where users could mail in the camera and receive more film back. Therefore, George Eastman is the correct answer for this question.
12.
Who was the most famous photographer who had an exhibit at The Museum of Modern Art, The Family of Man featuring 500 pictures by 273 photographers in 68 countries that argued for our common humanity?
Correct Answer
B. Edward Jean Steichen
Explanation
Edward Jean Steichen was the most famous photographer who had an exhibit at The Museum of Modern Art, The Family of Man. This exhibit featured 500 pictures by 273 photographers in 68 countries and aimed to argue for our common humanity.
13.
Who invented the plate coated with light-sensitive silver iodide to obtain a faint image, which he turned into mercury vapor?
Correct Answer
C. Louis Daguerre
Explanation
Louis Daguerre invented the plate coated with light-sensitive silver iodide to obtain a faint image, which he turned into mercury vapor.
14.
Who pioneered the documentation of the West by using horses and mules to haul huge wet-plate cameras through magnificent and unexplored territory?
Correct Answer
E. All of the above
Explanation
All of the above options - William-Henry Jackson, Eadward Muybridge, Carleton Watkins, and Timothy O'Sullivan - pioneered the documentation of the West by using horses and mules to haul huge wet-plate cameras through magnificent and unexplored territory.
15.
Who invented the Periphote panoramic camera?
Correct Answer
B. Freres Lumiere
Explanation
The correct answer is Freres Lumiere. The Freres Lumiere, also known as the Lumiere Brothers, were pioneers in the field of photography and cinematography. They invented the cinematograph, which was a combination of a camera and a projector, and they were also known for their contributions to the development of color photography. While Edwin Land is well-known for his invention of the Polaroid camera, and Louis Daguerre is credited with inventing the daguerreotype process, neither of them invented the Periphote panoramic camera.
16.
Who patented a method of producing eight carte-de-visite images on a single wet collodion plate and did the carte-de-visite used 8 Petzval portrait lenses to produce eight images on a single wet collodion plate?
Correct Answer
B. Andre-AdolpHo-Eugene Disdori
17.
Who invented COLOR pHOTOGRApHY?
Correct Answer
C. James Maxwell
Explanation
James Maxwell is credited with inventing color photography. He conducted experiments in the late 19th century, where he used three separate black and white photographs taken through red, green, and blue filters. By projecting these images onto a screen with corresponding filters, he was able to recreate a full-color image. This laid the foundation for the development of modern color photography techniques.
18.
Who was one of the 3 giants of American fine art photographer whose black and white photos had radiance and solidarity? Who initially did experimental work in the medium, but then moved over to what we know as straight photography?
Correct Answer
B. Paul Strand
Explanation
Paul Strand was one of the 3 giants of American fine art photography. He initially did experimental work in the medium but then moved over to what we know as straight photography. His black and white photos were known for their radiance and solidarity.