Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 2

1.

The upper respiratory tract includes the _______, ___________, _________ and _________.

Explanation
The upper respiratory tract consists of the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx. These structures are responsible for the initial filtration, warming, and humidification of the inhaled air. The nose acts as the main entrance for air and is lined with tiny hairs and mucus-producing cells that help trap and remove foreign particles. The nasal cavity is a hollow space behind the nose that further filters and moistens the air. The sinuses are air-filled cavities located in the bones of the face, which help to lighten the skull and produce mucus. The pharynx is a muscular tube connecting the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, serving as a passage for both air and food.

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2.

The _______ are also known as external nares and provide an entrance to the respiratory tract.
- A.
  
  Nasal hairs
- B.
  
  Nasal cavities
- C.
  
  Nasal conchae
- D.
  
  Nasal septums
- E.
  
  Nostrils
Correct Answer
E. Nostrils

Explanation
The nostrils, also known as external nares, are the openings in the nose that allow air to enter the respiratory tract. They are responsible for the initial filtration, warming, and humidification of the inhaled air before it reaches the lungs.

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3.

The nose is covered with ______ and supported by _____, _______ and ________.

Correct Answer
skin, bone, muscle, cartilage

Explanation
The nose is covered with skin, which provides protection and sensation. It is supported by bone, specifically the nasal bones, which give structure and shape to the nose. Muscle is also present in the nose, allowing for movement and control of facial expressions. Finally, cartilage plays a crucial role in supporting and shaping the nose, particularly in the nasal septum and the external framework of the nose.

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4.

The ___________ provide(s) the first line of defense in the respiratory tract and help(s) to prevent the entrance of relatively _____ particles.
- A.
  
  Nasal cavity; small
- B.
  
  Nasal conchae; small
- C.
  
  Nasal hairs; small
- D.
  
  Nasal cavity; large
- E.
  
  Nasal hairs; large
Correct Answer
E. Nasal hairs; large

Explanation
The nasal hairs, also known as cilia, provide the first line of defense in the respiratory tract. They help to prevent the entrance of relatively large particles by trapping them in the nasal cavity. The large size of the nasal hairs allows them to effectively filter out these particles and prevent them from entering further into the respiratory system.

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5.

The _______ space behind the nose. The ________ divides it into right and left chambers.

Correct Answer
nasal cavity, nasal septum

Explanation
The nasal cavity is the space behind the nose, while the nasal septum divides it into right and left chambers.

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6.

The __________ are the delicate, scroll shaped bone plates that form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

Correct Answer
nasal conchae

Explanation
The nasal conchae are the delicate, scroll-shaped bone plates that form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. They help to increase the surface area of the nasal cavity, which aids in the filtration, humidification, and warming of the inhaled air. The nasal conchae also play a role in directing the airflow within the nasal cavity, ensuring that the air is properly distributed and reaches all parts of the nasal passages.

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7.

The inferior & middle nasal conchae are covered by __________ and consist of a type of _______ that varies on location and a supporting layer of ________.

Correct Answer
respiratory mucosa, epithelium, connective tissue
respiratory mucosa, epithelium, CT

Explanation
The inferior and middle nasal conchae are covered by respiratory mucosa, which is a specialized type of epithelium. This respiratory mucosa varies depending on its location within the nasal conchae. In addition to the epithelium, there is a supporting layer of connective tissue present.

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8.

The superior conchae are covered by specialized ____________ that contain receptors for __________.

Correct Answer
olfactory epithelium, sense of smell

Explanation
The superior conchae, which are structures in the nasal cavity, are covered by specialized tissue called olfactory epithelium. This tissue contains receptors that are responsible for the sense of smell. These receptors detect odor molecules in the air and send signals to the brain, allowing us to perceive different smells.

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9.

The nasal mucous membrane is composed of ____________________ that contains an abundance of mucus secreting __________.

Correct Answer
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, goblet cells

Explanation
The nasal mucous membrane is made up of a type of epithelium called pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. This type of epithelium appears stratified, but all cells are in contact with the basement membrane. It is characterized by the presence of cilia, which help in moving mucus and trapped particles out of the nasal cavity. Goblet cells, which are specialized cells that secrete mucus, are also found in abundance in the nasal mucous membrane. These cells play a crucial role in trapping and removing foreign particles, as well as moisturizing and protecting the nasal passages.

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10.

The three functions of the nasal mucous membrane are that it _____ the incoming air, it _________ the incoming air by evaporation and it uses mucus to ___________.

Correct Answer
warms, moistens, entrap dust and other small particles

Explanation
The nasal mucous membrane has three main functions. Firstly, it warms the incoming air, ensuring that it reaches the lungs at a suitable temperature. Secondly, it moistens the air, preventing the respiratory system from becoming too dry. Lastly, the mucous membrane uses mucus to entrap dust and other small particles, preventing them from entering the lungs and causing potential harm.

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11.

Within the nasal mucous membrane, ___________ help to move the mucus with the trapped particles toward the ________. As the mucus reaches the back of the throat it is _________. ___________of the stomach will destroy most microbes and thus helps prevent ___________.

Correct Answer
cilia, pharynx, swallowed, gastric juices, respiratory infections

Explanation
The cilia within the nasal mucous membrane help to move the mucus with the trapped particles toward the pharynx. As the mucus reaches the back of the throat, it is swallowed. The gastric juices of the stomach will destroy most microbes and thus help prevent respiratory infections.

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12.

_________ (__________) are the spaces in the bones of the skull that open into the nasal cavity. they are lined with _______ that is continuous with the lining of the _______ which helps to _____ and _____ the air.

Correct Answer
Sinuses, paranasal sinuses, mucous membrane, nasal cavity, warm, humidify

Explanation
The spaces in the bones of the skull that open into the nasal cavity are called sinuses, specifically paranasal sinuses. These sinuses are lined with a mucous membrane that is continuous with the lining of the nasal cavity. This mucous membrane helps to warm and humidify the air that passes through the sinuses and into the nasal cavity.

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13.

The function of the paranasal sinuses is to ____________ and to modify _______ by acting as resonating chambers which will amplify ___________.

Correct Answer
lighten the weight of the skull, sounds, speech sounds

Explanation
The paranasal sinuses serve to lighten the weight of the skull by providing air-filled spaces. Additionally, they modify sounds and speech sounds by acting as resonating chambers, which amplifies the sound produced.

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14.

The _______ is the funnel shaped structure that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and the esophagus inferiorly

Correct Answer
pharynx

Explanation
The pharynx is a funnel-shaped structure that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and the esophagus inferiorly. It serves as a passageway for both air and food.

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15.

About how long is the pharynx?
- A.
  
  12 inches
- B.
  
  8 inches
- C.
  
  4 inches
- D.
  
  5 inches
- E.
  
  3 inches
Correct Answer
D. 5 inches

Explanation
The pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus. It is approximately 5 inches long.

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16.

The pharynx functions as a common passage for the _______ and _______ systems and it is also involved with producing ____________.

Correct Answer
respiratory, digestive, sounds of speech
respiratory, digestive, speech sounds

Explanation
The pharynx serves as a common pathway for both the respiratory and digestive systems. It plays a crucial role in facilitating the movement of air from the nasal cavity to the lungs during respiration and also helps in the passage of food and liquids from the mouth to the esophagus during digestion. Additionally, the pharynx is involved in producing sounds of speech, making it essential for communication.

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Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 2

The upper respiratory tract includes the _, _, _ and _____.

The _______ are also known as external nares and provide an entrance to the respiratory tract.

The nose is covered with ____ and supported by _, _ and ____.

The _______ provide(s) the first line of defense in the respiratory tract and help(s) to prevent the entrance of relatively _ particles.

The _ space behind the nose. The __ divides it into right and left chambers.

The __________ are the delicate, scroll shaped bone plates that form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

The inferior & middle nasal conchae are covered by ______ and consist of a type of _ that varies on location and a supporting layer of ______.

The superior conchae are covered by specialized __ that contain receptors for .

The nasal mucous membrane is composed of __________ that contains an abundance of mucus secreting .

The three functions of the nasal mucous membrane are that it _ the incoming air, it _ the incoming air by evaporation and it uses mucus to _______.

Within the nasal mucous membrane, _______ help to move the mucus with the trapped particles toward the . As the mucus reaches the back of the throat it is _. _of the stomach will destroy most microbes and thus helps prevent _____.

___ () are the spaces in the bones of the skull that open into the nasal cavity. they are lined with _ that is continuous with the lining of the ___ which helps to _ and ___ the air.

The function of the paranasal sinuses is to ________ and to modify _ by acting as resonating chambers which will amplify _________.

The _______ is the funnel shaped structure that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and the esophagus inferiorly

About how long is the pharynx?

The pharynx functions as a common passage for the ___ and _ systems and it is also involved with producing __________.

Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Respiratory System 2

The upper respiratory tract includes the _______, ___________, _________ and _________.

The _______ are also known as external nares and provide an entrance to the respiratory tract.

The nose is covered with ______ and supported by _____, _______ and ________.

The ___________ provide(s) the first line of defense in the respiratory tract and help(s) to prevent the entrance of relatively _____ particles.

The _______ space behind the nose. The ________ divides it into right and left chambers.

The __________ are the delicate, scroll shaped bone plates that form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

The inferior & middle nasal conchae are covered by __________ and consist of a type of _______ that varies on location and a supporting layer of ________.

The superior conchae are covered by specialized ____________ that contain receptors for __________.

The nasal mucous membrane is composed of ____________________ that contains an abundance of mucus secreting __________.

The three functions of the nasal mucous membrane are that it _____ the incoming air, it _________ the incoming air by evaporation and it uses mucus to ___________.

Within the nasal mucous membrane, ___________ help to move the mucus with the trapped particles toward the ________. As the mucus reaches the back of the throat it is _________. ___________of the stomach will destroy most microbes and thus helps prevent ___________.

_________ (__________) are the spaces in the bones of the skull that open into the nasal cavity. they are lined with _______ that is continuous with the lining of the _______ which helps to _____ and _____ the air.

The function of the paranasal sinuses is to ____________ and to modify _______ by acting as resonating chambers which will amplify ___________.

The _______ is the funnel shaped structure that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and the esophagus inferiorly

About how long is the pharynx?

The pharynx functions as a common passage for the _______ and _______ systems and it is also involved with producing ____________.

The upper respiratory tract includes the _, _, _ and _____.

The nose is covered with ____ and supported by _, _ and ____.

The _______ provide(s) the first line of defense in the respiratory tract and help(s) to prevent the entrance of relatively _ particles.

The _ space behind the nose. The __ divides it into right and left chambers.

The inferior & middle nasal conchae are covered by ______ and consist of a type of _ that varies on location and a supporting layer of ______.

The superior conchae are covered by specialized __ that contain receptors for .

The nasal mucous membrane is composed of __________ that contains an abundance of mucus secreting .

The three functions of the nasal mucous membrane are that it _ the incoming air, it _ the incoming air by evaporation and it uses mucus to _______.

Within the nasal mucous membrane, _______ help to move the mucus with the trapped particles toward the . As the mucus reaches the back of the throat it is _. _of the stomach will destroy most microbes and thus helps prevent _____.

___ () are the spaces in the bones of the skull that open into the nasal cavity. they are lined with _ that is continuous with the lining of the ___ which helps to _ and ___ the air.

The function of the paranasal sinuses is to ________ and to modify _ by acting as resonating chambers which will amplify _________.

The pharynx functions as a common passage for the ___ and _ systems and it is also involved with producing __________.