Human Nutrition 210 Final Exam
Review of test questions from tests I-IV in Dr. Andrews' Human Nutrition 210 course.
- 1.
Legumes (dry beans) are in which Food Guide Pyramid group?
- A.
Fruit/vegetable
- B.
Bean/bread
- C.
Meat/protein
- D.
Bread/cereal
Correct Answer
C. Meat/proteinExplanation
Legumes (dry beans) are categorized in the Meat/protein group of the Food Guide Pyramid. This is because legumes are a rich source of protein and are often used as a meat substitute in vegetarian and vegan diets. Legumes provide essential amino acids and are a nutritious alternative to animal-based proteins. Including legumes in the diet helps meet the body's protein requirements and promotes overall health.Rate this question:
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- 2.
All of the following are characteristic of cholesterol except
- A.
It is used for making estrogen and testosterone.
- B.
It is incorporated into cell membranes.
- C.
It is converted to bile.
- D.
It is an essential nutrient.
Correct Answer
D. It is an essential nutrient.Explanation
Cholesterol is not considered an essential nutrient because the body can produce it on its own. It is synthesized in the liver and can also be obtained from dietary sources. However, cholesterol is important for various physiological functions in the body, such as the production of hormones like estrogen and testosterone, the formation of cell membranes, and the synthesis of bile.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The body energy that can be stored in almost unlimited amounts is
- A.
Glycogen
- B.
Protein
- C.
Glucose
- D.
Triglyceride.
Correct Answer
D. Triglyceride.Explanation
Triglyceride is the correct answer because it is a type of lipid that can store a large amount of energy in the body. Triglycerides are made up of glycerol and three fatty acids, and they are the main form of stored energy in adipose tissue. Unlike glycogen, which is a form of stored glucose that is limited in quantity and primarily found in the liver and muscles, triglycerides can be stored in adipose tissue in almost unlimited amounts. Similarly, protein and glucose are not as efficient as triglycerides in storing energy in the body.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Where does digestion begin?
- A.
Small intestine
- B.
Mouth
- C.
Stomach
- D.
Esophagus
Correct Answer
B. MouthExplanation
Digestion begins in the mouth. This is where the process of breaking down food begins, as the teeth chew and grind the food into smaller pieces. Saliva is also released in the mouth, which contains enzymes that start the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates. The food is then formed into a bolus and swallowed, passing through the esophagus into the stomach for further digestion.Rate this question:
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- 5.
If a fat contains mostly saturated fatty acids, it is likely to be
- A.
Solid at room temperature.
- B.
Soft at room temperature.
- C.
Rancid at room temperature.
- D.
Liquid at room temperature.
Correct Answer
A. Solid at room temperature.Explanation
A fat that contains mostly saturated fatty acids is likely to be solid at room temperature. This is because saturated fats have a higher melting point compared to unsaturated fats. The saturated fatty acids in the fat pack closely together, resulting in a solid state. In contrast, unsaturated fats have double bonds in their fatty acid chains, which cause them to have a lower melting point and be liquid at room temperature. Therefore, a fat with mostly saturated fatty acids will have a solid consistency at room temperature.Rate this question:
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- 6.
When looking at the ingredient label of a bottled spaghetti sauce, you see that olive oil is the second ingredient. This means that
- A.
Olive oil is the second ingredient by weight.
- B.
Olive oil is the second ingredient by alphabetical listing.
- C.
Olive oil is the second ingredient by amount present in the sauce.
- D.
Olive oil is just one of the ingredients present in the sauce.
Correct Answer
A. Olive oil is the second ingredient by weight.Explanation
The correct answer is that olive oil is the second ingredient by weight. This means that it is the second most abundant ingredient in the spaghetti sauce when measured by weight. The order of ingredients on an ingredient label typically reflects the amount of each ingredient present in the product.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The function of thick mucus in the stomach is to
- A.
Promote fat digestion.
- B.
Protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes.
- C.
Activate stomach enzymes.
- D.
Keep the stomach bacteria-free.
Correct Answer
B. Protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes.Explanation
Thick mucus in the stomach serves the purpose of protecting the stomach cells from the corrosive effects of acid and enzymes. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid and various enzymes to aid in digestion, which can be harmful to the delicate lining of the stomach. The thick mucus layer acts as a barrier, preventing the acid and enzymes from directly damaging the stomach cells and maintaining a healthy environment for digestion.Rate this question:
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- 8.
To be transported throughout the body, fats are packaged in structures called
- A.
Phospholipids.
- B.
Micelles.
- C.
Lipoproteins.
- D.
Tryglycerides.
Correct Answer
C. Lipoproteins.Explanation
Fats are hydrophobic molecules and cannot dissolve in the blood, which is mostly water-based. Therefore, they need to be transported in a form that can be carried in the bloodstream. Lipoproteins are the structures responsible for transporting fats in the body. They consist of a core of fats (such as cholesterol and triglycerides) surrounded by a shell made of proteins and phospholipids. This combination allows fats to be transported through the watery environment of the blood, delivering them to different tissues and organs where they are needed.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following is a major source of lactose?
- A.
Buttermilk
- B.
Broccoli
- C.
Honey
- D.
Lactose
Correct Answer
A. ButtermilkExplanation
Buttermilk is a major source of lactose because it is a fermented dairy product that contains lactose, a sugar found in milk. Lactose is naturally present in milk and dairy products, and buttermilk is made by fermenting milk, which increases the lactose content. Therefore, buttermilk is a significant source of lactose.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Nutrient density can be defined as
- A.
The amount of kcalories in a food divided by the amount of kcalories needed in a day.
- B.
The amount of a particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of kcalories in that serving.
- C.
The amount of a particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of grams of protein.
- D.
The amount of a nutrient in a serving of food divided by the amount of the nutrient needed for that day.
Correct Answer
B. The amount of a particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the number of kcalories in that serving.Explanation
Nutrient density refers to the amount of specific nutrients present in a serving of food relative to the number of calories in that serving. This measure allows individuals to assess the nutritional value of a food by considering the amount of essential nutrients it provides in relation to its calorie content. By dividing the amount of a particular nutrient by the number of calories in a serving, one can determine the nutrient density of that food item.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A saturated fatty acid contains
- A.
2 to 12 double bonds.
- B.
No double bonds
- C.
14 to 24 double bonds.
- D.
One double bond.
Correct Answer
B. No double bondsExplanation
A saturated fatty acid is a type of fatty acid that does not have any double bonds in its carbon chain. This means that all the carbon atoms in the chain are bonded to hydrogen atoms and there are no unsaturated or double bonds present. Saturated fatty acids are typically solid at room temperature and are commonly found in animal fats and some plant oils.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following hormones corrects a hyperglycemic state?
- A.
Insulin
- B.
Glucagon
- C.
Epinephrine
- D.
Cortisol
Correct Answer
A. InsulinExplanation
Insulin is the correct answer because it is the hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, especially in the liver and muscle tissue. In a hyperglycemic state, where blood glucose levels are high, insulin helps to regulate and bring down these levels by facilitating the storage and utilization of glucose. Glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol are not involved in correcting hyperglycemia, but rather have other roles in the body such as raising blood glucose levels or responding to stress.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following is not true about water?
- A.
Provides a way to transport nutrients and waste
- B.
Dietary need of approximately 8 cups per day
- C.
Provides energy
- D.
By-product of cell chemical reactions
Correct Answer
C. Provides energyExplanation
Water does not provide energy. While it is essential for various bodily functions, such as transportation of nutrients and waste, and is a by-product of cell chemical reactions, it does not directly provide energy. Energy is typically obtained from the consumption of food and other beverages that contain macronutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following are substances in plant foods that are not digested in the stomach or small intestine?
- A.
Dietary fiber
- B.
Dextrose
- C.
Disaccharides
- D.
Simple sugars
Correct Answer
A. Dietary fiberExplanation
Dietary fiber refers to the indigestible parts of plant foods that pass through the stomach and small intestine relatively intact. It adds bulk to the diet, aids in digestion, and helps prevent constipation. Unlike dextrose, disaccharides, and simple sugars, dietary fiber is not broken down and absorbed by the body. Instead, it provides important health benefits such as lowering cholesterol levels, regulating blood sugar levels, and promoting healthy bowel movements.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A kcalorie is a measure of
- A.
Sugar and fat in food.
- B.
Nutrients in food
- C.
Fat in food
- D.
Heat energy
Correct Answer
D. Heat energyExplanation
A kcalorie, also known as a calorie, is a unit of measurement used to quantify the amount of heat energy that can be obtained from food when it is metabolized by the body. It is not a measure of sugar and fat specifically, or any other specific nutrient in food. Therefore, the correct answer is "heat energy."Rate this question:
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- 16.
Starch is comprised of hundreds and perhaps thousands of which molecule?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Galactose
- C.
Fructose
- D.
Glycerol
Correct Answer
A. GlucoseExplanation
Starch is made up of hundreds and perhaps thousands of glucose molecules. Glucose is a simple sugar and the main source of energy for the body. When multiple glucose molecules join together through chemical bonds, they form starch, which is a complex carbohydrate. Starch is commonly found in foods like potatoes, rice, and bread, and it serves as a storage form of energy in plants.Rate this question:
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- 17.
What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?
- A.
Esophagus
- B.
Tonsils
- C.
Epiglottis
- D.
Tongue
Correct Answer
C. EpiglottisExplanation
The epiglottis is a flap of tissue located at the base of the tongue that prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow. It covers the opening of the trachea, called the glottis, during swallowing to ensure that food and liquids are directed down the esophagus and into the stomach, rather than going into the airway. This mechanism helps to prevent choking and allows for the smooth passage of food and air into their respective pathways.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called
- A.
Peristalsis
- B.
Compression
- C.
Propulsion
- D.
Regurgitation
Correct Answer
A. PeristalsisExplanation
Peristalsis is the correct answer because it refers to the rhythmic contractions of the muscles in the digestive tract that propel food forward. These contractions help to push the food along the digestive system, allowing for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients. Compression, propulsion, and regurgitation are not accurate terms to describe this process.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following is characteristic of lipids?
- A.
Supply 4 kcalories per gram
- B.
Supply a concentrated form of fuel for the body
- C.
Add structural strength to bones and muscles
- D.
Add sweetness to food
Correct Answer
B. Supply a concentrated form of fuel for the bodyExplanation
Lipids are known to supply a concentrated form of fuel for the body. Unlike carbohydrates and proteins which provide 4 kcalories per gram, lipids are a dense source of energy, providing 9 kcalories per gram. They are stored in adipose tissue and can be broken down to release energy when needed. Lipids also play a role in insulation and protection of organs, as well as the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following contains a rich supply of omega-3 fatty acids?
- A.
Sirloin
- B.
Chicken
- C.
Broccoli
- D.
Salmon
Correct Answer
D. SalmonExplanation
Salmon contains a rich supply of omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for the body as they have numerous health benefits, including reducing inflammation, improving heart health, and supporting brain function. While all the other options listed - sirloin, chicken, and broccoli - are nutritious, they do not contain as high levels of omega-3 fatty acids as salmon does. Therefore, salmon is the correct answer as it is a well-known source of omega-3 fatty acids.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following nutrients can directly supply energy for human use?
- A.
Lipids and oils
- B.
Fiber
- C.
Minerals
- D.
Vitamins
Correct Answer
A. Lipids and oilsExplanation
Lipids and oils are the correct answer because they are a concentrated source of energy for the human body. When consumed, lipids and oils are broken down into fatty acids, which can be used as a fuel source by cells. These fatty acids can be stored in adipose tissue for later use or utilized immediately for energy production. Unlike fiber, minerals, and vitamins, lipids and oils provide calories and serve as an important energy source in the diet.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?
- A.
Glucose
- B.
Fructose
- C.
Galactose
- D.
Lactose
Correct Answer
D. LactoseExplanation
Lactose is not a monosaccharide because it is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides, glucose and galactose, joined together by a glycosidic bond. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and cannot be broken down into smaller sugar molecules. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monosaccharides because they consist of a single sugar unit.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Most digestion takes place in the
- A.
Pancreas
- B.
Small intestine
- C.
Large intestine
- D.
Stomach
Correct Answer
B. Small intestineExplanation
The small intestine is the correct answer because it is the primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients in the digestive system. It receives partially digested food from the stomach and further breaks it down using enzymes produced by the pancreas and bile from the liver. The small intestine has a large surface area due to its villi and microvilli, which increases the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Therefore, it is where most digestion takes place.Rate this question:
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- 24.
All the following are sources of cholesterol except
- A.
Peanut butter
- B.
Turkey meat
- C.
Whole milk
- D.
Butter
Correct Answer
A. Peanut butterExplanation
Peanut butter is not a source of cholesterol because it is made from peanuts, which are plant-based and do not contain cholesterol. Cholesterol is only found in animal-based products such as turkey meat, whole milk, and butter. Therefore, peanut butter is the correct answer as it is the only option that is not a source of cholesterol.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Healthy People 2010 was designed to
- A.
Promote healthful lifestyles and reduce preventable death and disability in all Americans.
- B.
Prevent chronic disease.
- C.
Eliminate dietary inadequacies and excesses, and to encourage healthful practices.
- D.
Disclose dietary practices that best support health.
Correct Answer
A. Promote healthful lifestyles and reduce preventable death and disability in all Americans.Explanation
Healthy People 2010 was a program aimed at improving the overall health of Americans by promoting healthy lifestyles and reducing preventable deaths and disabilities. The program focused on encouraging individuals to adopt healthier practices and behaviors, such as exercising regularly, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding risky behaviors. By doing so, the goal was to prevent chronic diseases, eliminate dietary inadequacies and excesses, and ultimately improve the overall health and well-being of all Americans.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Fibers belong to the class of nutrients known as
- A.
Minerals
- B.
Proteins
- C.
Lipids
- D.
Carbohydrates
Correct Answer
D. CarbohydratesExplanation
Fibers belong to the class of nutrients known as carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrients, along with proteins and lipids, that provide energy to the body. Fibers are a type of carbohydrate that cannot be fully digested by the body and therefore provide bulk to the diet and aid in digestion. They are found in plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.Rate this question:
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- 27.
In which form are most dietary lipids found?
- A.
Monoglycerides
- B.
Sterols
- C.
Triglycerides
- D.
Phospholipids
Correct Answer
C. TriglyceridesExplanation
Most dietary lipids are found in the form of triglycerides. Triglycerides are the main type of fat found in the body and in food. They consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule. Triglycerides are the primary storage form of fat in the body and provide a concentrated source of energy. They are also important for the absorption and transport of fat-soluble vitamins.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Constipation can best be prevented by
- A.
Restricting fluids.
- B.
Using laxatives.
- C.
Engaging in little physical exercise.
- D.
Eating dietary fiber.
Correct Answer
D. Eating dietary fiber.Explanation
Eating dietary fiber can help prevent constipation because fiber adds bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass through the digestive system. It also helps to soften the stool and promote regular bowel movements. Restricting fluids can actually worsen constipation, as dehydration can lead to harder and drier stools. Using laxatives may provide temporary relief, but they are not a long-term solution and can cause dependency. Engaging in little physical exercise can also contribute to constipation, as exercise helps stimulate the muscles in the digestive system and promotes regular bowel movements.Rate this question:
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- 29.
What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?
- A.
Fructose
- B.
Glucose
- C.
Galactose
- D.
Sucrose
Correct Answer
B. GlucoseExplanation
Glucose is the major monosaccharide found in the body. It is the primary source of energy for cells and is essential for various metabolic processes. Glucose is easily absorbed into the bloodstream and is used by cells to produce ATP, the energy currency of the body. It is also involved in the synthesis of other important molecules such as glycogen and proteins.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following is true about the way we should eat to achieve good nutritional status?
- A.
Eat only plant products because animal products are bad and generally filled with hormones for animal growth
- B.
Eat fruits and vegetables because we can get all the nutrients we need from these
- C.
Eat a wide variety of foods because no single natural food meets all human nutrient needs
- D.
Do the best we can but take supplements to fill in the deficient areas
Correct Answer
C. Eat a wide variety of foods because no single natural food meets all human nutrient needsExplanation
It is important to eat a wide variety of foods because no single natural food can provide all the nutrients that our body needs. Different foods contain different nutrients, and by consuming a diverse range of foods, we can ensure that we are getting all the essential vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients that are necessary for good nutritional status. Relying solely on plant products or taking supplements may not be sufficient to meet all our nutrient needs.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion?
- A.
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach
- B.
Saliva production does not influence starch digestion
- C.
Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking; softens tough skins
- D.
Chewing food does not assist in carbohydrate digestion
Correct Answer
C. Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking; softens tough skinsExplanation
Cooking assists in carbohydrate digestion by softening tough skins. When carbohydrates are cooked, the heat breaks down the complex structures, making them easier to digest. This is particularly important for carbohydrates with tough skins, such as potatoes or grains, as cooking helps to soften them, making them more palatable and easier to digest.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The RDA for nutrients generally are
- A.
Designed to be adequate for almost all healthy people.
- B.
More than twice the requirements.
- C.
The minimum amounts the average adult male requires.
- D.
Designed to prevent deficiency disease in half the population.
Correct Answer
A. Designed to be adequate for almost all healthy people.Explanation
The RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) for nutrients is designed to provide adequate amounts of nutrients for almost all healthy individuals. It takes into consideration the needs of the majority of the population and aims to prevent nutrient deficiencies. While individual requirements may vary, the RDA serves as a general guideline to ensure that most people are meeting their nutritional needs.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which statement best describes nutrient density?
- A.
Choose a number of different foods within any given food group rather than the "same old thing"
- B.
Consume foods that have the most nutrition for their kcalories
- C.
Plan your entire day's diet so that you don't overconsume nutrient sources
- D.
Consume a variety of foods from the five major food groups every day
Correct Answer
B. Consume foods that have the most nutrition for their kcaloriesExplanation
The statement "Consume foods that have the most nutrition for their kcalories" best describes nutrient density. Nutrient density refers to the amount of essential nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and fiber, in a food relative to its calorie content. Foods that are nutrient-dense provide a high amount of nutrients compared to the number of calories they contain. By choosing foods that have the most nutrition for their kcalories, individuals can ensure that they are getting the maximum nutritional benefit from the foods they consume.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Lactose intolerance is caused by
- A.
Lactase deficiency.
- B.
Intestinal bacteria.
- C.
Milk bacteria.
- D.
A milk allergy.
Correct Answer
A. Lactase deficiency.Explanation
Lactose intolerance is caused by lactase deficiency. Lactose is a sugar found in milk and dairy products, and lactase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose in the body. People with lactase deficiency do not produce enough lactase, resulting in the inability to properly digest lactose. This leads to symptoms such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea when consuming dairy products. Intestinal bacteria, milk bacteria, and milk allergies are not the direct cause of lactose intolerance.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Margaret, an elderly woman, needs to limit her kcalorie intake without sacrificing needed nutrients. Keeping in mind the Food Guide Pyramid, which of the following could she do?
- A.
Eliminate carbohydrate
- B.
Count kcalories and not worry about the food groups
- C.
Eliminate Dairy foods.
- D.
Carefully select foods rich in nutrients but low in kcalories
Correct Answer
D. Carefully select foods rich in nutrients but low in kcaloriesExplanation
Margaret, being an elderly woman, needs to limit her calorie intake while still getting the necessary nutrients. Eliminating carbohydrates or dairy foods would not be a suitable option as both of these food groups provide essential nutrients. Counting calories without considering the food groups may lead to an unbalanced diet. Therefore, the best approach for Margaret would be to carefully select foods that are rich in nutrients but low in calories. This way, she can ensure that she is getting the necessary nutrients while still controlling her calorie intake.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Acquiring sufficient vitamin B12 from the diet may be a problem to vegans because
- A.
Phytic acid in vegetable proteins may inhibit its absorption.
- B.
It is only found in animal products.
- C.
They lack the R-protein in the stomach.
- D.
Deficiency may result from high intakes of legumes.
Correct Answer
B. It is only found in animal products.Explanation
Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy. Vegans who follow a plant-based diet may have difficulty acquiring sufficient amounts of this vitamin as they do not consume any animal products. This is why the correct answer is "it is only found in animal products."Rate this question:
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- 37.
The major chloride source in the diet is
- A.
Milk
- B.
Salt
- C.
Nuts
- D.
Cheese
Correct Answer
B. SaltExplanation
Salt is the correct answer because it is the most common and widely used source of chloride in the diet. Salt, also known as sodium chloride, is added to many foods during cooking or processing, and is also commonly used as a seasoning. It is found in high amounts in processed foods, snacks, and fast food. While other foods like milk, nuts, and cheese may contain small amounts of chloride, they are not the major sources compared to salt.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Which statement about vitamins is true?
- A.
Are inorganic
- B.
Directly supply energy
- C.
Help regulate chemical reactions in the body
- D.
Cannot be stored by the body
Correct Answer
C. Help regulate chemical reactions in the bodyExplanation
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for various bodily functions. They do not supply energy directly but play a crucial role in regulating chemical reactions in the body. Vitamins act as coenzymes, helping enzymes carry out their functions and facilitating metabolic processes. Unlike some other nutrients, vitamins cannot be synthesized by the body, so they need to be obtained from the diet. Additionally, vitamins are not stored in large amounts in the body and need to be replenished regularly. Therefore, the statement "Help regulate chemical reactions in the body" is true.Rate this question:
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- 39.
If the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what will be the course of action?
- A.
Body cells will synthesize it
- B.
Health will not be affected as long as other nutrients are adequate
- C.
Protein synthesis will be limited
- D.
Proteins will be made but they will lack that particular amino acid
Correct Answer
C. Protein synthesis will be limitedExplanation
When the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, the course of action is that protein synthesis will be limited. Essential amino acids are required for the production of proteins in the body. If a particular essential amino acid is missing from the diet, the body will not be able to synthesize proteins that require that specific amino acid. This can lead to a decrease in protein synthesis and potentially affect various physiological processes that rely on proteins for their functioning.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which of the following vitamins has been helpful in large doses as a treatment for acne?
- A.
E
- B.
A
- C.
D
- D.
C
Correct Answer
B. AExplanation
Vitamin A has been found to be helpful in large doses as a treatment for acne. It helps in reducing the production of excess sebum, which is a major contributor to acne. Additionally, vitamin A promotes the growth and repair of skin cells, helping to prevent clogged pores and inflammation. However, it is important to note that taking excessive amounts of vitamin A can be harmful, so it should only be taken under the guidance of a healthcare professional.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The B vitamins generally function as
- A.
Coenzymes
- B.
Emulsifiers
- C.
Antioxidants
- D.
Reducing agents
Correct Answer
A. CoenzymesExplanation
The B vitamins generally function as coenzymes, which means they work together with enzymes to help facilitate various chemical reactions in the body. Coenzymes are necessary for the proper functioning of enzymes, as they assist in the transfer of molecules and energy during metabolic processes. B vitamins, such as thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin, play crucial roles in converting food into energy, maintaining a healthy nervous system, and supporting cell growth and development. Therefore, their function as coenzymes is essential for overall health and well-being.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Most vitamin A is stored in the
- A.
Adipose tissue.
- B.
Liver
- C.
Small intestine.
- D.
Kidneys
Correct Answer
B. LiverExplanation
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be stored in the body for future use. The liver is the primary organ responsible for storing and releasing vitamin A. It stores the vitamin in the form of retinol, which can be converted into its active form when needed by the body. The liver's role in storing vitamin A ensures that there is a constant supply of this essential nutrient, as it is involved in various biological processes such as vision, immune function, and cell growth.Rate this question:
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- 43.
This vitamin, when consumed during pregnancy, can help prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida.
- A.
B6
- B.
Niacin
- C.
Riboflavin
- D.
Folate/Folic Acid
Correct Answer
D. Folate/Folic AcidExplanation
Folate/Folic Acid is the correct answer because it is a B vitamin that is crucial for the development of the neural tube in a fetus. Adequate intake of folate/folic acid during pregnancy can help prevent neural tube defects such as spina bifida. It plays a vital role in the production of DNA and cell division, which is especially important during the early stages of pregnancy when the neural tube is forming. Therefore, ensuring sufficient folate/folic acid intake is essential for the healthy development of the baby's nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Niacin is necessary to prevent the disease
- A.
Pernicious anemia.
- B.
Beriberi
- C.
Pellagra
- D.
Scurvy
Correct Answer
C. PellagraExplanation
Pellagra is a disease caused by a deficiency of niacin (also known as vitamin B3) in the diet. Niacin is necessary for the body to convert food into energy and for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Without enough niacin, individuals can develop symptoms such as skin rashes, digestive problems, and mental confusion, which are characteristic of pellagra. Therefore, niacin is necessary to prevent the disease pellagra.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Vitamin E functions as a(n)
- A.
Antioxidant
- B.
Hormone
- C.
Coenzyme
- D.
Enzyme
Correct Answer
A. AntioxidantExplanation
Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant, which means it helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can cause oxidative stress and lead to various health problems, including chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Antioxidants like vitamin E neutralize these free radicals, preventing them from causing harm to the body. Vitamin E also plays a role in immune function and helps support healthy skin and eyes.Rate this question:
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- 46.
The childhood disease rickets is due to a deficiency.
- A.
Vitamin D
- B.
Vitamin E
- C.
Vitamin A
- D.
Vitamin K
Correct Answer
A. Vitamin DExplanation
Rickets is a childhood disease that is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for the development and maintenance of strong bones. When there is a deficiency of Vitamin D, the body is unable to properly absorb these minerals, leading to weakened and soft bones, which is the characteristic feature of rickets. Therefore, the correct answer is Vitamin D.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Water constitutes ______ percent of body weight.
- A.
50-65
- B.
10-20
- C.
25-45
- D.
75-95
Correct Answer
A. 50-65Explanation
The correct answer is 50-65. This range represents the percentage of water that makes up the human body weight. Water is essential for various bodily functions such as regulating body temperature, transporting nutrients, and removing waste. The body's water content can vary depending on factors such as age, gender, and overall health. However, on average, water makes up approximately 50-65% of an individual's body weight.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Which of the following statements does not describe the role of minerals in the body?
- A.
They make possible the transfer of nerve impulses
- B.
They provide 4 kcalories per gram
- C.
They help maintain water balance
- D.
They are constituents of important body compounds
Correct Answer
B. They provide 4 kcalories per gram -
- 49.
The nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is
- A.
Stored in the liver
- B.
Converted to urea
- C.
Converted to fat.
- D.
Oxidised to carbohydrate.
Correct Answer
B. Converted to ureaExplanation
When amino acids are broken down in the body, the nitrogen component is converted to urea. Urea is a waste product that is formed in the liver and then excreted by the kidneys through urine. This process is important for maintaining nitrogen balance in the body and preventing the buildup of toxic ammonia. Therefore, the correct answer is that the nitrogen from amino acid breakdown is converted to urea.Rate this question:
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- 50.
The nutrient essential for synthesis of several blood clotting factors is
- A.
K
- B.
E
- C.
A
- D.
C
Correct Answer
A. KExplanation
Vitamin K is the nutrient essential for the synthesis of several blood clotting factors. It plays a crucial role in the process of blood clotting by activating certain proteins that are responsible for the formation of blood clots. Without sufficient vitamin K, the blood clotting process would be impaired, leading to an increased risk of excessive bleeding. Therefore, ensuring an adequate intake of vitamin K is necessary for maintaining proper blood clotting function.Rate this question:
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Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
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Current Version
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Jul 31, 2015Quiz Created by
Deekingofglory
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