Let's Test Your Immunology Knowledge
Mini 2
- 1.
What is the major characteristic of Type IV hypersensitivity?
- A.
Mediated by complement
- B.
Mediated by T cells
- C.
Mediated by B cells
- D.
Mediated by IgG, IgE and IgM
Correct Answer
B. Mediated by T cellsExplanation
Type IV hypersensitivity is characterized by a T cell-mediated immune response. Unlike other types of hypersensitivity reactions, which involve antibodies (IgG, IgE, and IgM) or complement proteins, Type IV hypersensitivity is initiated and mediated by T cells. This type of immune response is delayed and occurs when T cells recognize and respond to antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells. It is commonly associated with delayed hypersensitivity reactions, such as contact dermatitis and certain autoimmune diseases.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Maryann was gardening in her backyard. She decided to pull some of the plants that were growing into her garden. Two days later, she got a rash on her arms. What is a possible reasoning behind her rash?
- A.
She was exposed to poison ivy for the first time.
- B.
It is a local skin reaction due to complement reaction.
- C.
She was already sensitized from poison ivy once and this is the second time she was exposed to poison ivy.
- D.
Her CD8 cells became CTL and memory T cells.
Correct Answer
C. She was already sensitized from poison ivy once and this is the second time she was exposed to poison ivy.Explanation
Maryann's rash is likely due to her previous exposure to poison ivy. When she pulled the plants in her garden, she may have come into contact with the urushiol oil present in poison ivy, which can cause an allergic reaction in individuals who are sensitized to it. This is supported by the fact that the rash appeared two days after her gardening activity, which is consistent with the delayed onset of symptoms after exposure to urushiol.Rate this question:
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- 3.
John was in a car accident. He was rushed into the ER. The doctors did not have his medical history so they had administered a Tetanus shot. If John has recieved the tetanus vaccine before, what would be his symptoms?
- A.
Nothing
- B.
He got a rash, glomerulonephritis, or arthritis because inflammation from complement
- C.
His blood vessels burst.
- D.
Inflammation in the area of the shot because his IgG will bind quickly to the antigen in the vaccine
Correct Answer
D. Inflammation in the area of the shot because his IgG will bind quickly to the antigen in the vaccineExplanation
If John has received the tetanus vaccine before, his symptoms would likely be inflammation in the area of the shot because his IgG will bind quickly to the antigen in the vaccine. This is because the immune system would recognize the antigen from the previous vaccination and mount an immune response, leading to inflammation at the injection site.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events when someone has serum sickness?
- A.
Patient is injected with anti-venome horse antibodies --> Patient makes human anti-horse antibodies --> activation of complement --> 7-10 days layer, will get symptoms
- B.
Patient is injected with anti-venome horse antibodies --> Patient makes human anti-horse antibodies --> activation of complement --> 7-10 days layer, will not get symptoms
- C.
Patient is injected with anti-horse antibodies --> Patient makes human anti-horse antibodies --> activation of complement --> 7-10 days layer, will get symptoms
- D.
Patient is injected with anti-venome horse antibodies --> Patient makes human anti-horse antibodies --> activation of complement --> Will get symptoms right away
Correct Answer
A. Patient is injected with anti-venome horse antibodies --> Patient makes human anti-horse antibodies --> activation of complement --> 7-10 days layer, will get symptomsExplanation
When someone has serum sickness, the correct sequence of events is as follows: the patient is injected with anti-venom horse antibodies, which leads to the patient producing human anti-horse antibodies. This triggers the activation of complement, a part of the immune system. Symptoms of serum sickness typically appear 7-10 days later.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Where are the most common areas of the body where there is immune complex deposition or damage?
- A.
Kidneys, blood vessels or joints
- B.
Kidneys, blood vessels or pancreas
- C.
Blood vessels, joints, pancreas
- D.
GI tract, joints, skin
Correct Answer
A. Kidneys, blood vessels or jointsExplanation
The most common areas of the body where immune complex deposition or damage occurs are the kidneys, blood vessels, and joints. Immune complexes are formed when antibodies bind to antigens, and if these complexes are not properly cleared by the immune system, they can deposit in various tissues and cause inflammation and damage. In conditions like lupus or vasculitis, immune complexes can accumulate in the kidneys, leading to glomerulonephritis. Similarly, immune complex deposition in blood vessels can result in vasculitis, while in joints it can cause inflammation and damage, as seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following reasons defines why a PPD test (type IV) cannot produce an immune response?
- A.
It is given in high dosage
- B.
It is injected into the muscle
- C.
There is components that follow inflammation
- D.
It is a purified protein
Correct Answer
D. It is a purified proteinExplanation
A PPD test (type IV) cannot produce an immune response because it is a purified protein. Purified proteins are processed in a way that removes any components that could potentially cause inflammation or trigger an immune response. Therefore, the purified protein does not have the ability to stimulate the immune system and produce an immune response.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following are correctly matched?
- A.
Type IV- allergy
- B.
Type II- skin graft
- C.
Type III- serum sickness
- D.
Type 1- lupus
Correct Answer
C. Type III- serum sicknessExplanation
The correct answer is Type III- serum sickness. Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction, which occurs when the immune system overreacts to certain medications or foreign substances. This reaction is characterized by the formation of immune complexes in the blood, which can lead to symptoms such as fever, rash, joint pain, and swollen lymph nodes. Type IV hypersensitivity, on the other hand, is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction that involves T cells and is commonly associated with allergic contact dermatitis. Type II hypersensitivity is characterized by the destruction of cells or tissues by antibodies, and type I hypersensitivity is an immediate allergic reaction mediated by IgE antibodies.Rate this question:
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- 8.
There is a patient that needs a skin graft. He is unaware that within several months of him receiving the skin graft, his body is going to reject it. Which of the following processes occur to describe this phenomena?
- A.
The skin graft is phagocytosed by a macrophage and destroyed by respiratory burst
- B.
CD8 T cells are strongly reactive to foreign MHCI because it did not go through negative selection
- C.
There is a low affinity between the TCR and graft MHCI
- D.
His body will attack his own MHCI
Correct Answer
B. CD8 T cells are strongly reactive to foreign MHCI because it did not go through negative selectionExplanation
CD8 T cells are strongly reactive to foreign MHCI because it did not go through negative selection. Negative selection is a process in the thymus where T cells that recognize self-antigens are eliminated to prevent autoimmunity. In this case, the skin graft is foreign tissue and has different MHCI molecules compared to the patient's own cells. Since the T cells did not encounter these foreign MHCI molecules during negative selection, they are not tolerant to them and will mount an immune response against the graft. This leads to the rejection of the skin graft by the patient's immune system.Rate this question:
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- 9.
In Type III hypersensitivity, IgG binds with a soluble antigen. This later results in inflammation. What the primary reason for inflammation to occur?
- A.
IgG binds with the antigen and causes it to explode
- B.
IgG binding with antigen activates the immune response causing formation of IgE
- C.
IgG binding with antigen activates the complement pathway which forms a lot of C3a and C5a components
- D.
Because of the antigen-antibody complex
Correct Answer
C. IgG binding with antigen activates the complement pathway which forms a lot of C3a and C5a componentsExplanation
In Type III hypersensitivity, IgG binding with the antigen activates the complement pathway. This activation leads to the formation of C3a and C5a components. These components are potent inflammatory mediators that cause inflammation to occur. The antigen-antibody complex alone is not sufficient to cause inflammation; it is the activation of the complement pathway and the subsequent release of C3a and C5a that play a crucial role in the inflammatory response.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A patient comes into your office complaining of continous muscle weakness. You order an MRI which shows MS. From your knowledge of MS, what can you infer is the immunological cause?
- A.
Activation of macrophage from activated Th1 cells which is activated by the macrophage with myelin basic protein
- B.
Activation of macrophage from activated Th1 cells which will activate oligodendrocytes to reverse their role
- C.
Activations of macrophages from activated Th2 cells which will activate macrophages which is cut out patches of myelin
- D.
Activation of macrophages from activated CD8 cells will activate macrophages with myeline basic protein
Correct Answer
A. Activation of macropHage from activated Th1 cells which is activated by the macropHage with myelin basic proteinExplanation
The correct answer is that the immunological cause of the muscle weakness in this patient with MS is the activation of macrophages from activated Th1 cells, which is activated by the macrophage with myelin basic protein. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of nerve fibers in the central nervous system. This immune response involves the activation of T cells, specifically Th1 cells, which release pro-inflammatory cytokines that activate macrophages. These activated macrophages then target and destroy the myelin sheath, leading to the muscle weakness experienced by the patient.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following describes a Hepatitis B subunit vaccine?
- A.
Vaccines uses only proteins from other species
- B.
Vaccines uses only a particular component of the virus such as proteins
- C.
Vaccine uses entire component of virus
- D.
It is not a subunit vaccine
Correct Answer
B. Vaccines uses only a particular component of the virus such as proteinsExplanation
A Hepatitis B subunit vaccine refers to a vaccine that uses only a particular component of the virus, specifically proteins, to stimulate an immune response. This means that the vaccine does not contain the entire component of the virus, but rather focuses on specific proteins that can trigger an immune response and provide protection against Hepatitis B.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What are helper substances that induce inflammation used in conjunction with a vaccine?
- A.
Adjuvants
- B.
Conjugate vaccines
- C.
Purified vaccines
- D.
Subunit vaccines
Correct Answer
A. AdjuvantsExplanation
Adjuvants are helper substances that are used in conjunction with a vaccine to induce inflammation. They enhance the body's immune response to the vaccine by stimulating the immune system and increasing the effectiveness of the vaccine. Adjuvants can be added to vaccines to improve their efficacy, increase the duration of immune responses, and reduce the amount of antigen required in the vaccine. They help to enhance the immune response and provide longer-lasting protection against the targeted disease.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following is a characteristic with live-attentuated vaccines?
- A.
The person vaccinated develops active immunity
- B.
They are less effective and short lived
- C.
THey are very effective and long lived
- D.
They need repeated boosters
Correct Answer
C. THey are very effective and long livedExplanation
Live-attenuated vaccines are made from weakened forms of the virus or bacteria that cause the disease. When administered, these vaccines stimulate a strong immune response in the person vaccinated, leading to the development of active immunity. This means that the person's immune system recognizes the weakened virus or bacteria and produces antibodies to fight against it. Live-attenuated vaccines are known to be very effective and provide long-lasting immunity, often lasting for many years or even a lifetime. Unlike some other vaccines, they generally do not require repeated booster doses.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Many bacterial diseases results from toxic proteins that are released by the bacteria. Which of the following is in vaccines that aids in purifying and inactivating the toxin?
- A.
Toxoid
- B.
Adjuvant
- C.
Pathogen
- D.
Formalin
Correct Answer
D. FormalinExplanation
Formalin is used in vaccines to aid in purifying and inactivating toxins. It is a solution of formaldehyde, a chemical that can kill bacteria and viruses by cross-linking their proteins and nucleic acids. By adding formalin to a vaccine, the toxins produced by bacteria can be chemically modified and rendered harmless while still maintaining their ability to stimulate an immune response. This allows the body to recognize and develop immunity against the toxin without being harmed by its toxic effects.Rate this question:
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- 15.
When a mother is given RhoGam prior to her pregnancy to protect from the formation of IgG anti-Rh antibodies, what type of immunization is that?
- A.
Active
- B.
Passive
- C.
Live
- D.
Innate
Correct Answer
B. PassiveExplanation
When a mother is given RhoGam prior to her pregnancy to protect from the formation of IgG anti-Rh antibodies, it is a form of passive immunization. Passive immunization involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from one individual to another, providing immediate protection against a specific antigen without the need for the recipient's immune system to produce its own antibodies. In this case, RhoGam contains anti-Rh antibodies that can prevent the mother's immune system from producing IgG anti-Rh antibodies, which could cause harm to the fetus in future pregnancies.Rate this question:
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Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.
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Current Version
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Sep 10, 2012Quiz Created by
Shpatel128
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