Infective Endocarditis MCQ Questions And Answers

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Farah Naz is a Medical Professional with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) from Dow University of Health Sciences. Her academic journey included internships in Radiology, Cardiology, and Neurosurgery. Her contributions to medical research extend to two publications in medical journals, solidifying her position as a promising addition to the field.
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  • 1/10 Questions

    Which species of bacteria typically causes infective endocarditis?

    • Staphylococcus
    • Helicobacter
    • Bacillus
    • None of the above
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About This Quiz

Do you understand what infective endocarditis is? Take this infective endocarditis quiz to see how much you know. Basically, infective endocarditis is an infection caused by bacteria that enter the bloodstream and settle in the heart. With this quiz on infective endocarditis MCQs, you will get to practice your knowledge as well as learn more. All the best! Give your best for a perfect score! Do share the quiz with others who wish to test their knowledge.

Infective Endocarditis MCQ Questions And Answers - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The most commonly affected in IE is?

    • Valve leaflets  

    • Chordae

    • Chamber walls

    • Periprosthetic tissue

    Correct Answer
    A. Valve leaflets  
    Explanation
    Infective Endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the heart valves, particularly the valve leaflets. The infection typically leads to the formation of vegetations, which are clumps of platelets, fibrin, microorganisms, and inflammatory cells. These vegetations can cause significant damage to the valve leaflets, leading to complications such as valve stenosis or regurgitation. Chordae tendineae, chamber walls, and periprosthetic tissues can also be involved, but the valve leaflets are the most commonly and severely affected.

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  • 3. 

    The clinical manifestations of IE result from

    • Cytokines

    • Intracardiac infection 

    • Embolization

    • Immunological phenomenon  

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Infective Endocarditis (IE) primarily affects heart valve leaflets, with vegetation formed from clumps of microorganisms and inflammatory cells. These organisms are metabolically active but do not replicate rapidly, complicating antibiotic treatment. Clinical manifestations arise from the infection, embolization of vegetation fragments, immune responses, and cytokine-induced inflammation. These factors collectively contribute to IE's complex symptoms, necessitating comprehensive management strategies.

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  • 4. 

    Which of the following Duke criteria is a major criteria for infective endocarditis?

    • Immunologic findings such as glomerulonephritis

    • Predisposing heart condition or intravenous drug use

    • Blood cultures positive for typical infective endocarditis organisms

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Blood cultures positive for typical infective endocarditis organisms
    Explanation
    Blood cultures positive for typical infective endocarditis organisms is a major criterion for infective endocarditis according to the Duke criteria. This criterion refers to the identification of microorganisms in the blood that are commonly associated with infective endocarditis, such as Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus species. The presence of these organisms in the blood indicates an active infection involving the heart valves, which is a key diagnostic feature of infective endocarditis. The other options listed, predisposing heart condition or intravenous drug use and immunologic findings such as glomerulonephritis, are not major criteria for diagnosing infective endocarditis.

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  • 5. 

    Modified Duke Criteria for IE

    • Highly sensitive

    • Highly specific

    • Both   

    • Neither

    Correct Answer
    A. Both   
    Explanation
    The Modified Duke Criteria for Infective Endocarditis (IE) are highly sensitive and specific, designed to accurately diagnose IE using a combination of clinical and echocardiographic findings. These criteria classify IE cases into definite, possible, or rejected categories based on major criteria, including typical microorganisms in separate blood cultures and endocardial involvement on echocardiograms, and minor criteria like predisposition and fever. The precision of these criteria ensures effective identification and minimizes false diagnoses, making them essential for managing IE.

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  • 6. 

    In children with CHD, Group A streptococci rarely cause infective endocarditis.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    True. In children with congenital heart disease (CHD), Group A Streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) rarely cause infective endocarditis. While Group A Streptococci can cause various infections, including strep throat and skin infections, it is not a common causative agent for infective endocarditis in individuals with CHD. Infective endocarditis is more commonly associated with other bacteria, such as viridans streptococci or staphylococci, in individuals with underlying heart conditions.

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  • 7. 

    Which trial shows the significant benefit of early surgery in patients at high risk for emboli and with large vegetations?

    • EASE

    • ICE

    • ASE

    • ESE

    Correct Answer
    A. EASE
    Explanation
    The trial that shows the significant benefit of early surgery in patients at high risk for emboli and with large vegetations is the EASE trial.

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  • 8. 

    Antimicrobial therapy in IE – True statement

    • Vegetations are highly vascular

    • Bacteria in vegetation are rapidly growing   

    • All bacteria in the vegetation need not be killed

    • None   

    Correct Answer
    A. All bacteria in the vegetation need not be killed
    Explanation
    In the treatment of Infective Endocarditis (IE), antimicrobial therapy aims to reduce the bacterial load within vegetation to a level manageable by the patient's immune system, rather than achieving complete bacterial eradication. This strategy is necessary because the vegetations have a poor blood supply that impedes antibiotic delivery, and the bacteria present are in a low-growth state, making them inherently less susceptible to antibiotics. Therefore, the objective is to suppress the infection to a point where the body’s immune defenses can effectively control and eliminate the remaining bacteria.

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  • 9. 

    ______ is effective in diagnosing infective endocarditis in patients with congenital heart disease.

    • Presence of Janeway lesions

    • Duke criteria

    • Electrocardiography

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Electrocardiography
    Explanation
    Electrocardiography is effective in diagnosing infective endocarditis in patients with congenital heart disease because it can help identify any abnormal electrical activity in the heart. This can be indicative of an infection in the heart valves, which is a common complication in patients with congenital heart disease. By analyzing the electrical patterns and rhythms of the heart, electrocardiography can provide valuable information to aid in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.

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  • 10. 

    The majority of organisms in vegetation are

    • Inactive and non-growing

    • Inactive metabolically but grow rapidly

    • Very active metabolically but do not grow

    • Very active metabolically and grows rapidly

    Correct Answer
    A. Very active metabolically but do not grow
    Explanation
    In the vegetation of Infective Endocarditis (IE), the organisms are typically very active metabolically. This metabolic activity is crucial for their survival and pathogenicity, especially as they produce factors that help them adhere to the valve leaflets and evade the immune system. However, despite their metabolic activity, they do not grow or replicate rapidly within the vegetation. This slow growth is partially due to the limited nutrient supply in the blood and the effects of the host's immune responses, which inhibit replication but not metabolic activity. This characteristic makes treating IE challenging, as the bacteria can be less susceptible to antibiotics due to their slow growth and dormancy-like state in the vegetation.

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Farah Naz |MBBS |
Medical Writer
Farah Naz is a Medical Professional with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) from Dow University of Health Sciences. Her academic journey included internships in Radiology, Cardiology, and Neurosurgery. Her contributions to medical research extend to two publications in medical journals, solidifying her position as a promising addition to the field.

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