Inheritance Practice Exam: Quiz!
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- 1.
In humans, brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue (b). A brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman and they have three children, two of whom are brown-eyed and one of whom is blue-eyed. What must the genotype of the man be?
- A.
BB
- B.
Bb
- C.
BB
- D.
Bb
Correct Answer
B. BbExplanation
In this case, the man must be heterozygous for the eye color gene, meaning his genotype is Bb. Here’s why:
The blue-eyed woman can only pass on a blue allele (b) because blue is recessive and only exists as bb. The fact that they have a blue-eyed child means the man must have a blue allele (b) to pass on. But since he has brown eyes, he must also have a brown allele (B). So, his genotype must be Bb.
This allows for the possibility of having both brown-eyed (Bb) and blue-eyed (bb) children. The brown-eyed children inherited the B from the father and b from the mother, while the blue-eyed child inherited b from both parents.Rate this question:
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- 2.
How many divisions are there in meiosis?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
B. 2Explanation
In meiosis, there are 2 divisions. The first division results in two diploid cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (after replication) while the second division results in four haploid cells or gametes.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following statements best describes sexual reproduction?
- A.
Cells reproduce making identical copies to the parent cell
- B.
Cells reproduce and pass on the genetic traits of one parent
- C.
Parent cells contribute half of a set of chromosomes each, creating a cell that is genetically different than the parent cell
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Parent cells contribute half of a set of chromosomes each, creating a cell that is genetically different than the parent cellExplanation
Each parent cell gives one half of a set of chromosomes in teh form of an egg cell or a sperm cell. These cells meet in a process called fertilization to create a zygote or fertilized egg that has a combination of traitsRate this question:
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- 4.
If dimples are dominant in humans, what are the possible genotypes of a man with dimples?
- A.
Dimples
- B.
Non-dimpled
- C.
BB, bb
- D.
BB, Bb
Correct Answer
D. BB, BbExplanation
Since dimples are the dominant trait, the dominant allele must appear at least once.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What is the end result of meiosis?
- A.
Two diploid cells genetically identical to their parent cells
- B.
Two haploid cells genetically different from their parent cells
- C.
Four diploid cells genetically identical to their parent cells
- D.
Four haploid cells genetically different from their parent cells
Correct Answer
D. Four haploid cells genetically different from their parent cellsExplanation
The end result of meiosis is four haploid cells that are genetically different from their parent cells. These cells are called gametes.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Crossing over results in which of the following?
- A.
Crossing over does not change the outcome in the offspring
- B.
The chromosomes of the parent cell mutate to form new chromosomes
- C.
The daughter cells to be genetically identical to the parent cells
- D.
New combinations of alleles for a given trait
Correct Answer
D. New combinations of alleles for a given traitExplanation
The exchange of segments of the chromosomes result in a new combination of allelesRate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following crosses will produce all homozygous offspring?
- A.
FF x FF
- B.
FF x Ff
- C.
Ff x Ff
- D.
FF x ff
Correct Answer
A. FF x FFExplanation
Crossing two homozygous dominant or two recessive traits will produce all homozygous offspring.Rate this question:
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- 8.
All of the following are produced by meiosis except
- A.
Egg
- B.
Sperm
- C.
Zygote
- D.
Gamete
Correct Answer
C. ZygoteExplanation
zygotes are the end result of fertilization when egg and sperm cells meet.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the punnet squares above shows the results of a cross between two heterozygous individuals?
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
3
- D.
4
Correct Answer
A. 1Explanation
The result of a cross between two heterozygous individuals gives you a 1:2:1 ratio of offspringRate this question:
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- 10.
The genotypic ratio of a cross between one heterozygous dominant and one homozygous dominant individual is
- A.
1:1
- B.
1:2:1
- C.
3:1
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
A. 1:1Explanation
the genotypic ratio of one heterozygous dominant and one homozygous dominant individual produces 2 heterozygous dominant and two homozygous dominant children or 1:1Rate this question:
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- 11.
A plant breeder wants to create flowers with all red petals. The genotype of the flower that she has is Rr. Which of the following genotypes should she use to make sure that all the petals of the offspring are red.
- A.
Rr
- B.
Rr
- C.
RR
- D.
RR
Correct Answer
C. RRExplanation
A plant with the genotype RR has two dominant alleles for red petal color. When crossed with a plant that has the genotype Rr, all of the offspring will inherit at least one dominant R allele, ensuring that they all have red petals.
Here's a Punnett square to illustrate the cross:
As you can see, all of the possible genotypes (RR, Rr) result in a red phenotype.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Sharon has 100 rabbits. Sevety-nine of her rabbits are black and twenty-oneof the rabbits are white. Based on this information, what can she conclude about the rabbits?
- A.
The parents of the rabbits were homozygous dominant
- B.
The genotypes of the rabbits were Rr x RR
- C.
One parent was homozygous dominant and one parent was recessive
- D.
The genotypes of the rabbits were Rr x Rr
Correct Answer
D. The genotypes of the rabbits were Rr x RrExplanation
The phenotypic ratio is about 3:1 which means that both of the parents had to be heterozygous dominantRate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following is used to describe a genotype?
- A.
Brown
- B.
3:1 ratio
- C.
100% recessive
- D.
Both b and c
Correct Answer
C. 100% recessiveExplanation
When describing geneotype, you are referring to genetic make-up. These are not things that can be seen so you would use words like homozygous, heterozygous, dominant and recessiveRate this question:
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- 14.
Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. What would the phenotypes of the offspring be if the cross was Bb x bb?
- A.
100% brown
- B.
75% brown, 25% blue
- C.
50% brown, 50% blue
- D.
25% brown, 75% blue
Correct Answer
C. 50% brown, 50% blueExplanation
When crossing a heterozygous dominant individual and a recessive individual, the phenotypic ratio is 1:1 where 50% of the offspring will carry the dominant trait and 50% will carry the recessive traitRate this question:
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- 15.
In a certain species of animal, brown eyes (B) are dominant over green eyes (b). Predict the genotypes of the offspring whose parents are heterozygous brown and green.
- A.
Brown and green
- B.
100% homozygous brown
- C.
50% heterozygous dominant and 50% recessive
- D.
100% bb
Correct Answer
C. 50% heterozygous dominant and 50% recessiveExplanation
When the punnett square is completed, the offspring is 50% Bb or heterozygous dominant and 50% recessive or bbRate this question:
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- 16.
In a cross between a heterozygous dominant parent with brown fur and a recessive parent with white fur, how many of the offspring will be homozygous dominant for brown fur?
- A.
100%
- B.
75%
- C.
50%
- D.
0%
Correct Answer
D. 0%Explanation
A cross between a Bb and a bb parent will not produce any BB offspring.Rate this question:
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- 17.
In metaphase, the chromosomes:
- A.
Form
- B.
Line up in the middle of the cell
- C.
Move topward the centrioles
- D.
Condense to form chromatin
Correct Answer
B. Line up in the middle of the cellExplanation
In metaphase, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cellRate this question:
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- 18.
In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. If two white flowered plants are crossed, what percentage of their offspring will be white flowered?
- A.
0%
- B.
50%
- C.
75%
- D.
100%
Correct Answer
D. 100%Explanation
White flowers are recessive so if two white flowers are crossed, they have to produce white flowers.Rate this question:
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- 19.
A heterozygous round seed plant is crossed with a heterozygous round seed plant. What percentage of the offspring will be homozygous?
- A.
0%
- B.
25%
- C.
50%
- D.
100%
Correct Answer
C. 50%Explanation
The possible genotypes of the offspring are:
RR (homozygous dominant)
Rr (heterozygous)
rr (homozygous recessive)
From the Punnett square, we can see the ratios:
RR: 1
Rr: 2
rr: 1
Thus, the percentages of each genotype are:
RR (homozygous dominant): 1/4 or 25%
Rr (heterozygous): 2/4 or 50%
rr (homozygous recessive): 1/4 or 25%
Therefore, the total percentage of homozygous offspring (both RR and rr) is:
25% (RR) + 25% (rr) = 50%
So, 50% of the offspring will be homozygous.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Replication of the chromosomes takes place in:
- A.
Meiosis I
- B.
Meiosis II
- C.
Mitosis
- D.
Interphase
Correct Answer
D. InterpHaseExplanation
The chromosomes make copies of themselves before cell division takes place, which is in interphaseRate this question:
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- 21.
A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another is called a
Correct Answer
trait, Trait, traitsExplanation
The correct answer for this question is "trait." A trait is a specific characteristic that can vary from one individual to another. The word "trait" is repeated twice in the question, which indicates that it is the correct answer.Rate this question:
- 22.
The process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell is called
Correct Answer
meiosis , MeiosisExplanation
Meiosis is the correct answer because it is the process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes is halved through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. During meiosis, the cell undergoes two rounds of division, resulting in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. This process is essential for sexual reproduction, as it ensures the production of gametes with the correct number of chromosomes.Rate this question:
- 23.
When an organism has two identical alleles for a trait, the organism is said to be
Correct Answer
homozygous, HomozygousExplanation
When an organism has two identical alleles for a trait, it is said to be homozygous. This means that both copies of the gene for that trait are the same. In this case, the organism has two identical alleles, which could be either dominant or recessive. The term "Homozygous" is used to describe this genetic condition where the organism has a pair of identical alleles for a specific trait.Rate this question:
- 24.
Different forms of a gene are called
- A.
Hybrids
- B.
Dominant factors
- C.
Recessive factors
- D.
Alleles
Correct Answer
D. AllelesExplanation
Alleles are different forms or variations of a gene that occupy the same position on a specific chromosome. They can exist in different combinations and can result in different traits or characteristics. In genetics, alleles can be dominant or recessive, meaning that one allele may mask the expression of the other. The concept of alleles is important in understanding inheritance patterns and how traits are passed from one generation to another.Rate this question:
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- 25.
A punnett square is used to determine the
- A.
Probable outcome of a cross
- B.
Actual outcome of a cross
- C.
Result in segregation
- D.
Result of meiosis
Correct Answer
A. Probable outcome of a crossExplanation
Punnett squares are used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring. It does not determine what will actually happen; just the possibilities of a test cross.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The offspring of crosses between parents with two different traits are called
- A.
Homozygous
- B.
Hybrids
- C.
Dominant
- D.
Recessive
Correct Answer
B. HybridsExplanation
Hybrid organisms occur as a result of crosses between organisms with different traits (for example, white flowers and purple flowers)Rate this question:
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- 27.
The chemical factors that determine traits are called
- A.
Traits
- B.
Genes
- C.
Chromosomes
- D.
Alleles
Correct Answer
B. GenesExplanation
Genes are the correct answer because they are the specific segments of DNA that carry the instructions for producing traits. These instructions determine the characteristics or traits that an organism will have, such as eye color, height, or hair texture. Genes are passed down from parents to offspring and play a crucial role in determining an individual's physical and biological traits.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The separation of alleles during gamete formation is called
- A.
Separation of alleles
- B.
Segregation
- C.
Meiosis
- D.
Mitosis
Correct Answer
B. SegregationExplanation
Segregation refers to the separation of alleles during gamete formation. This process occurs during meiosis, where the homologous chromosomes pair up and then separate, resulting in the distribution of different alleles into different gametes. Segregation is a fundamental principle of genetics and is responsible for the variation observed in offspring. It ensures that each gamete receives only one allele from each gene, allowing for the inheritance of different combinations of alleles from both parents.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The physical expression of a gene is called
- A.
Homozygous
- B.
Heterozygous
- C.
Genotype
- D.
Phenotype
Correct Answer
D. pHenotypeExplanation
The physical expression of a gene refers to the observable characteristics or traits that are produced as a result of the interaction between an individual's genes and their environment. This includes traits such as eye color, height, and hair texture. The term "phenotype" specifically refers to these observable traits, making it the correct answer in this context. Homozygous and heterozygous refer to the genetic makeup of an individual, while genotype refers to the specific combination of alleles present in an individual's genes.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The genetic expression of the trait is called the
- A.
Homozygous trait
- B.
Heterozygous trait
- C.
Genotype
- D.
Phenotype
Correct Answer
C. GenotypeExplanation
The genetic expression of a trait refers to the combination of alleles present in an individual's genes. This combination is known as the genotype. It determines the genetic makeup of an organism and can consist of either homozygous alleles (two identical alleles) or heterozygous alleles (two different alleles). The genotype ultimately influences the physical characteristics or traits that are observable in an individual, which is referred to as the phenotype.Rate this question:
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Nov 19, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Feb 20, 2009Quiz Created by
Mbromell
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