1.
What is Motivation in regards to organisations and jobs?
Correct Answer
B. Internal drive to achieve goals within an organisation
Explanation
Motivation is an internal force or drive that consists of a direction (what is done), intensity (the effort) and persistence (over time) which fuels an individual's desire to achieve goals. FREDERICK, WINSLOW TAYLOR, 1895, 1911
2.
Which of these has been found to be key for motivation and job satisfaction?
Correct Answer
C. Options 2 + 4
Explanation
Pay and autonomy have been found to be key for motivation and job satisfaction. Pay refers to the amount of money an individual receives for their work, and it is often considered an important factor in job satisfaction as it can provide financial security and recognition for one's efforts. Autonomy, on the other hand, refers to the level of independence and decision-making authority an individual has in their job. When individuals have the freedom to make decisions and have control over their work, it can enhance their motivation and job satisfaction.
3.
Is this cat the cutest thing you've ever seen?
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The given question asks whether the cat is the cutest thing someone has ever seen. The answer "True" implies that the person agrees and believes that the cat is indeed the cutest thing they have ever seen.
4.
What theory was proposed by VROOM in 1964?
Correct Answer
A. Equity theory
Explanation
Vroom's idea was that people will be more motivated if they think that their behaviour will lead to their desired outcomes
5.
Does FORCE = EXPECTANCY X VALENCES (SUM X INSTRUMENTALITIES) ?
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
no, according to Vroom's expectancy theory FORCE = EXPECTANCY X SUM (VALENCES X INSTRUMENTALITIES)
6.
Valence is:
Correct Answer
Value of Outcome
7.
Expectancy (in regards to expectancy theory) is?
Correct Answer
Subjective ability (self confidence)
Explanation
In the context of expectancy theory, expectancy refers to an individual's subjective belief or confidence in their ability to successfully perform a task or achieve a desired outcome. This means that subjective ability, or self-confidence, plays a crucial role in determining an individual's level of motivation and effort towards a particular goal. Higher levels of self-confidence lead to higher expectations of success, which in turn increase motivation and effort. Therefore, subjective ability is an important factor in understanding and applying expectancy theory.
8.
Instrumentality is?
Correct Answer
Subjective belief behaviour which leads to results
Explanation
Instrumentality refers to the subjective belief and behavior that individuals have, which they believe will lead to certain outcomes or results. This means that people believe that by taking certain actions or exhibiting specific behaviors, they can achieve desired outcomes. It involves the belief that one's actions can influence the outcome and the motivation to engage in those actions based on this belief. Therefore, instrumentality is the subjective belief and behavior that individuals possess, which they believe will lead to specific results or outcomes.
9.
Force (in regards to expectancy theory) is?
Correct Answer
Motivation
Explanation
Force, in regards to expectancy theory, refers to the level of motivation an individual has to exert effort towards achieving a goal. It represents the strength of an individual's desire to perform a particular task or achieve a specific outcome. In expectancy theory, force is influenced by three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Expectancy refers to the belief that effort will lead to performance, instrumentality refers to the belief that performance will lead to desired outcomes, and valence refers to the value an individual places on those outcomes. The higher the force, the greater the motivation to put in effort and achieve the desired goal.
10.
Who proposed the Equity theory of job satisfaction?
Correct Answer
A. Adams (1965)
Explanation
Adams (1965) proposed the Equity theory of job satisfaction. This theory suggests that individuals compare their inputs (such as effort, skills, and experience) and outcomes (such as pay, recognition, and benefits) to those of others in similar positions. If they perceive an inequity, either over-reward or under-reward, they may experience job dissatisfaction. This theory emphasizes the importance of perceived fairness in the workplace and the need for a balance between what employees contribute and what they receive in return.
11.
Which of these is correct in regards to Equity theory ? (Adams, 1965)
Correct Answer(s)
B. Individuals compare themselves to colleagues
D. Inequality between coworkers leads to dissatisfaction
Explanation
Equity theory, proposed by Adams in 1965, suggests that individuals compare themselves to their colleagues in terms of inputs (effort, skills, etc.) and outcomes (rewards, recognition, etc.). When there is a perceived inequality between coworkers, such as when one feels they are putting in more effort but receiving fewer rewards compared to others, it leads to dissatisfaction. Therefore, the correct answer is "inequality between coworkers leads to dissatisfaction" and "individuals compare themselves to colleagues."
12.
What is PERCEIVED JUSTICE?
Correct Answer
B. How people perceive their rewards in comparison to others
Explanation
Perceived justice refers to how individuals perceive their rewards in comparison to others. It involves evaluating whether the rewards they receive are fair and equitable in relation to what others receive. This concept is concerned with the subjective perception of fairness and can influence individuals' satisfaction, motivation, and overall well-being in various contexts, such as the workplace or social relationships. It is important to consider perceived justice to ensure a sense of fairness and equality among individuals.
13.
According to Stajkovic and Luthans (2003) which of these had the biggest impact on job satisfaction?
Correct Answer
B. Pay
Explanation
Pay is the correct answer because Stajkovic and Luthans (2003) found that pay has the biggest impact on job satisfaction. This suggests that employees are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs if they are adequately compensated for their work. Other factors such as management, environment, and facilities may also contribute to job satisfaction, but pay is identified as the most influential factor.
14.
What is the basic premise of GOAL SETTING THEORY, as proposed by Locke and Latham, 1990
Correct Answer
B. Behaviour is motivated by internal goals
Explanation
The basic premise of the GOAL SETTING THEORY, as proposed by Locke and Latham, 1990, is that behavior is motivated by internal goals. This means that individuals are driven to achieve certain objectives or targets that they have set for themselves. According to this theory, setting specific and challenging goals can enhance motivation and performance. It suggests that individuals are more likely to be satisfied and motivated when they have clear goals to work towards. The other options mentioned in the question, such as the relationship between goal achievement and satisfaction or the involvement of supervisors in goal setting, are not the main focus of the theory.
15.
According to Goal Setting Theory (Locke & Latham, 1990) what is needed in order for goals to be successful in raising job satisfaction? (select 3)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Goals to be accepted by the employer
C. Feedback on goals
E. Goals to be specific
Explanation
Goals shouldnt be too complex, or have too many goals as motivation and satisfaction decreases.
16.
From the Bowling (2007) meta-analysis, after controlling for personality, the satisfaction-performance relationship was increased
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
No, after controlling for personality it was REDUCED
17.
According to a 2012 survey by the society for human resource management, which of these are job satisfaction determinants? (select 4)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Opportunity to use skills
C. Pay
F. Communication
G. Job Security
Explanation
The 2012 survey by the society for human resource management found that job satisfaction is influenced by four factors: opportunity to use skills, pay, communication, and job security. These determinants play a significant role in an individual's satisfaction with their job. The opportunity to utilize skills allows employees to feel challenged and engaged in their work. Pay is an important factor as it directly affects an individual's financial well-being. Effective communication fosters a positive work environment and promotes collaboration. Lastly, job security provides employees with a sense of stability and reduces anxiety about their future employment.
18.
Brent and Rosso (2010) argue that satisfaction can improve by:
Correct Answer
A. Finding meaning in your work
Explanation
The correct answer is finding meaning in your work. According to Brent and Rosso (2010), satisfaction can be enhanced by finding purpose and significance in one's job. When individuals feel that their work has a meaningful impact and aligns with their values and goals, they are more likely to experience higher levels of satisfaction. This suggests that finding meaning in one's work is a crucial factor in improving satisfaction levels.
19.
According to a survey by Gallup inc. (2013) what percentage of Americans are satisfied with their job?
Correct Answer
C. 30%
Explanation
According to a survey conducted by Gallup Inc. in 2013, it was found that 30% of Americans are satisfied with their job. This suggests that a significant portion of the American population is not content with their work, indicating potential issues with job satisfaction and overall happiness in the workplace.
20.
Which job did Bunderson and Thomson (2009) find had the highest job satisfaction and most amount of meaning in their work?
Correct Answer
D. Zookeepers
Explanation
Bunderson and Thomson (2009) found that zookeepers had the highest job satisfaction and the most amount of meaning in their work.
21.
HAVE A HAPPY CHRISTMAS
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement "HAVE A HAPPY CHRISTMAS" is a well-wishing phrase often used during the Christmas season. It is a positive and cheerful message, expressing the desire for someone to have a joyful and enjoyable Christmas celebration. Therefore, the correct answer is True, as it confirms the sentiment of wishing someone a happy Christmas.