Key Concepts In The Cognitive Perspective

1.

The component of long-term memory that stores "how-to" information, such as how to play an instrument or solve a puzzle.

Explanation
Procedural memory is the component of long-term memory that stores "how-to" information, such as how to play an instrument or solve a puzzle. It is responsible for remembering and recalling motor skills, habits, and procedures. This type of memory is often unconscious and automatic, enabling individuals to perform tasks without conscious effort or awareness of the underlying processes. Procedural memory is distinct from other types of memory, such as declarative memory, which involves the conscious recall of facts and events.

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2.

What is the component of long-term memory that involves general knowledge of the world?

A.

Procedural memory
B.

Semantic memory
C.

Episodic memory
D.

Sensory memory

Correct Answer
B. Semantic memory

Explanation
Semantic memory refers to the component of long-term memory that involves general knowledge of the world. It includes facts, concepts, and general information about the world that are not tied to specific personal experiences or events. This type of memory allows individuals to store and retrieve information about language, objects, facts, and meanings. Unlike episodic memory, which involves personal experiences and events, semantic memory is more focused on general knowledge and understanding of the world. Procedural memory, on the other hand, refers to the memory of how to perform specific tasks or skills, while sensory memory is the initial stage of memory that briefly holds sensory information.

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3.

In a cognitive experiment, you may be asked to recall a list of items. If the experimenter asks you to count in threes before repeating the items and you subsequently forget some of them, what is this called?

A.

Rehearsal
B.

Displacement
C.

Interference
D.

Replacement

Correct Answer
C. Interference

Explanation
In this cognitive experiment, the experimenter asks the participant to count in threes before repeating the list of items. This interruption in the recall process is known as interference. The act of counting in threes disrupts the participant's ability to effectively rehearse and retain the items in their memory, leading to forgotten or missed items. Interference occurs when new or previously learned information interferes with the recall or retrieval of other information.

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4.

The first step of processing information so that it can be stored in memory later.

Correct Answer
Encoding

Explanation
Encoding is the process of converting information into a format that can be stored and later retrieved from memory. It involves transforming sensory inputs or thoughts into a mental representation that can be stored in the brain. This initial step is crucial in order to retain information for future recall. By encoding information, it becomes more accessible and can be easily retrieved when needed.

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5.

The "magic number" of memory; on average, this is the maximum number of separate items that can be encoded at once.

Correct Answer
7
seven

Explanation
The "magic number" refers to the average maximum number of separate items that can be encoded in memory at once. This means that, on average, a person can remember up to seven or seven items at a time. This concept is based on research and studies that have shown that the human brain has a limited capacity for holding and processing information. Therefore, the correct answer to this question is 7 or seven.

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