1.
Seorang peserta didik melakukan pengukuran dengan alat dan hasil seperti gambar.
Agar neraca dalam keadaan seimbang, yang harus dilakukan adalah ….
Correct Answer
D. Anak timbangan 100 gram diturunkan, diganti dengan anak timbangan 200 gram
Explanation
To balance the scale, the participant needs to lower the 100 gram weight on one side and replace it with a 200 gram weight on the other side. This will ensure that both sides of the scale have equal weights, resulting in a balanced scale.
2.
Perhatikan pernyataan-pernyataan berikut !
1. Panjang pensil 15 cm
2. Jarak tempuh pelari maraton 20 Km
3. Massa gula dalam kantung plastik 500 g
4. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk menempuh jarak JAkarta-bogor 1 jam
Peryataan yang menggunakan satuan dalam CGS ditunjukkan oleh pernyataan ....
Correct Answer
B. 1 dan 3
Explanation
The correct answer is 1 dan 3. Pernyataan 1 menggunakan satuan cm yang merupakan satuan dalam CGS (Centimeter-Gram-Second), sedangkan pernyataan 3 menggunakan satuan g yang juga merupakan satuan dalam CGS. Pernyataan 2 menggunakan satuan Km yang bukan satuan dalam CGS. Pernyataan 4 menggunakan satuan jam yang juga bukan satuan dalam CGS. Therefore, the statements that use units in CGS are 1 dan 3.
3.
Perhatikan tabel berikut ini!
Larutan yang bersifat basa dan netral secara berturut turut ditunjukkan ….
Correct Answer
C. S dan Q
Explanation
The correct answer is S dan Q. The question is asking for the combinations of solutions that are basic and neutral. Among the given options, S and Q are the only combination that fits this criteria.
4.
Perhatikan beberapa benda yang ada di sekitar kita berikut!
Yang termasuk senyawa adalah ….
Correct Answer
C. L, M, N
Explanation
The correct answer is L, M, N. This is because a compound is a substance that is composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together. In the given options, L, M, and N are the only combinations that consist of three different elements. Therefore, L, M, N is the only option that represents a compound.
5.
Di daerah gurun pasir air sulit didapatkan, Kebutuhan air awar bisa didapatkan dari pemisahan air laut yang rasanya asin. Untuk mendapatkan air laut dapat dilakukan dengan cara....
Correct Answer
B. Destilasi
Explanation
Destilasi adalah proses pemisahan air laut yang rasanya asin menjadi air tawar. Proses ini dilakukan dengan memanaskan air laut hingga mendidih dan menguap, kemudian uap air tersebut dikondensasikan kembali menjadi air tawar. Proses destilasi memanfaatkan perbedaan titik didih antara air dan garam, sehingga air dapat dipisahkan dari garam yang ada dalam air laut.
6.
Perhatikan peristiwa berikut !
1. Buah apel dikupas kemudian didiamkan beberapa saat
2.Garam dilarutkan ke dalam air
3. kertas dibakar
4. Lilin panas kemudian didinginkan
Peristiwa yang merupakan perubahan kimia adalah
Correct Answer
A. 1 dan 3
Explanation
Peristiwa yang merupakan perubahan kimia adalah ketika kertas dibakar dan buah apel dikupas kemudian didiamkan beberapa saat. Dalam peristiwa pembakaran kertas, terjadi reaksi kimia di mana kertas bereaksi dengan oksigen dalam udara dan menghasilkan panas, cahaya, dan gas seperti karbon dioksida. Sedangkan dalam peristiwa buah apel dikupas dan didiamkan, terjadi perubahan kimia di mana enzim dalam apel mulai menguraikan senyawa-senyawa kompleks seperti pati dan serat menjadi senyawa yang lebih sederhana seperti gula.
7.
Kelapa yang massanya 2kg jatuh dari tangkainya yang tingginya 9m dari tanah. Energi kinetik kelapa saat mencapai ketinggian 3 m dari tanah adalah (g - 10 m/s2) ....
Correct Answer
C. 120 J
Explanation
The potential energy of an object at a certain height is given by the formula PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height. In this question, the coconut has a mass of 2kg and falls from a height of 9m. The potential energy at this height is PE = (2kg)(9.8m/s^2)(9m) = 176.4 J. When the coconut reaches a height of 3m, the potential energy is PE = (2kg)(9.8m/s^2)(3m) = 58.8 J. The difference in potential energy between these two heights is 176.4 J - 58.8 J = 117.6 J. However, the question asks for the kinetic energy, which is equal to the potential energy at the lower height. Therefore, the kinetic energy when the coconut reaches a height of 3m is 117.6 J.
8.
Zat adiktif di bagi menjadi beberapa kelompok, diantaranya kelompok stimulan,depresan, dan halusinogen.Ciri –ciri dibawah ini yang menunjukkan bahwa seseorang itu terkena pengaruh jenis depresan adalah...........
Correct Answer
D. Tekanan darah menurun dan rasa mengantuk berlebihan
Explanation
The answer "tekanan darah menurun dan rasa mengantuk berlebihan" is correct because these are the characteristics of someone who is under the influence of a depressant drug. Depressants slow down the central nervous system, leading to a decrease in blood pressure and excessive drowsiness. This is in contrast to stimulants, which increase energy and blood pressure, and hallucinogens, which alter perception and may cause blurred vision and wandering thoughts.
9.
Kedua bimetal berikut, tersusun oleh logam A, B, C. Ketika dipanaskan keduanya melengkung dengan arah tampak seperti gambar berikut
Berdasarkan data tersebut, empat orang siswa memberikan pendapat seperti pada tabel
Pendapat yang benar disampaikan oleh siswa ... .
Correct Answer
C. Q dan R
Explanation
Based on the given information and the diagram, it can be observed that when the bimetals are heated, they bend in opposite directions. This indicates that the two metals A and B have different coefficients of thermal expansion. Since the bimetals bend towards each other, it suggests that metal A has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion compared to metal B. Therefore, the correct answer is "Q dan R" because they correctly identify the relationship between the bending of the bimetals and the coefficients of thermal expansion of the metals.
10.
Sebuah gaya bekerja pada troli. Troli mendapat percepatan 60 cm/s2. Jika ke dalam troli dimasukkan benda yang massanya 3 kali massa troli, percepatan yang diterima troli menjadi ....
Correct Answer
C. 20 cm/s2
Explanation
When an external force is applied to the trolley, it accelerates. According to Newton's second law of motion, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. In this case, when an object with three times the mass of the trolley is placed inside it, the mass of the system increases. As a result, the acceleration of the trolley decreases. Therefore, the correct answer is 20 cm/s2, as the trolley's acceleration decreases when the mass of the system increases.
11.
Tabel berikut memuat jarak dan waktu tempuh gerak suatu benda. Jenis gerak yang terjadi pada benda 1 dan 2 adalah ....
Correct Answer
A. GLB dan GLBB dipercepat
Explanation
The table shows the distance and time taken for the motion of two objects. The term "GLB" refers to Gerak Lurus Beraturan (Uniform Linear Motion) and "GLBB" refers to Gerak Lurus Berubah Beraturan (Uniformly Accelerated Motion). The answer "GLB dan GLBB dipercepat" means that both objects are undergoing uniform linear motion and uniformly accelerated motion, and they are accelerating.
12.
Perhatikan gambar tuas!
Gaya kuasa terbesar pada tuas bila beban W diletakkan di titik ….
Correct Answer
D. 2, tumpu T di titik 4 dan F di titik 5
Explanation
The correct answer is 2 because when the load W is placed at point 5 and the fulcrum T is at point 4, the lever arm (distance between the fulcrum and the line of action of the force) is the longest. According to the principle of moments, the longer the lever arm, the greater the turning effect or torque. Therefore, the greatest power is exerted when the load is placed at point 5 and the fulcrum is at point 4.
13.
Tekanan hidrostatis di titik R sebesar 3600 N/m2 dan tekanan di titik S sebesar 9000 N/m2 Jika percepatan gravitasi adalah 10 m/s2 dan massa jenis air 1.000 kg/m3 selisih kedalaman R dengan S adalah ...
Correct Answer
B. 54 cm
Explanation
The pressure at point R is lower than the pressure at point S. This indicates that point R is at a higher depth compared to point S. The difference in pressure between the two points can be calculated using the formula: difference in pressure = density of fluid × acceleration due to gravity × difference in depth. Given that the density of water is 1,000 kg/m3 and the acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2, we can calculate the difference in depth to be 54 cm.
14.
Gelombang merambat pada permukaan air seperti gambar berikut!
Perioda dan cepat rambat gelombang terse but adalah ....
Correct Answer
D. 0,8 s dan 37,5 em/s
Explanation
The correct answer is 0.8 s and 37.5 cm/s. This is because the period of a wave is the time it takes for one complete cycle to pass a given point, and in this case, it is 0.8 s. The speed of wave propagation is the distance the wave travels in a given time, and in this case, it is 37.5 cm/s.
15.
Kapal laut berpindah dari posisi 1 ke posisi 2.Kapal tersebut memancarkan bunyi ke dasar P dan Q. Waktu pantul dari P ke kapal dan dari Q ke kapal tertera pada gambar. Jika cepat rambat bunyi dalam air laut 1.500 m/s, selisih kedalaman dasar laut P dengan Q adalah ....
Correct Answer
A. 1125 m
Explanation
The correct answer is 1125 m. This can be determined by calculating the time it takes for the sound to travel from P to the ship and from Q to the ship. Since the speed of sound in seawater is 1500 m/s, and the time it takes for the sound to travel from P to the ship is 0.75 s (as shown in the diagram), the distance between P and the ship can be calculated by multiplying the speed of sound by the time: 1500 m/s * 0.75 s = 1125 m. Therefore, the difference in depth between P and Q is 1125 m.
16.
Benda terletak di depan lensa cembung. Jarak benda ke lensa 12 cm dan jarak benda ke bayangan 12 cm. Jika benda digeser 8 cm menjauhi lensa, terbentuk bayangan baru bersifat . . ..
Correct Answer
C. Nyata, terbalik, diperkecil
Explanation
When an object is placed in front of a convex lens, a real and inverted image is formed. The distance of the object from the lens is equal to the distance of the image from the lens. In this case, the object is initially placed 12 cm away from the lens, resulting in a real, inverted image. When the object is moved 8 cm further away from the lens, the image will also move further away and become smaller in size. Therefore, the correct answer is "nyata, terbalik, diperkecil" which translates to "real, inverted, reduced" in English.
17.
Perhatikan gambar dua benda bermuatan listrik berikut!
Kedua benda tarik menarik dengan gaya F. Jika kemudian muatan benda diganti menjadi 2qa dan -4 q dan jaraknya didekatkan hingga ½ r, maka gaya tarik-menarik kedua benda menjadi ....
Correct Answer
D. 32 F
Explanation
When the charges of the objects are changed to 2qa and -4q and the distance between them is halved, the force between them is given by the formula F = k * (2qa * -4q) / (1/2 * r)^2. Simplifying this equation gives us F = 32 * k * q^2 / r^2, which means the force becomes 32 times the original force. Therefore, the correct answer is 32 F.
18.
Perhatikan gambar rangkaian tertutup berikut !
Besar kuat arus listrik total dalam rangkaian tersebut !
Correct Answer
D. 2 A
Explanation
The correct answer is 2 A. This can be determined by applying Kirchhoff's current law, which states that the total current entering a junction is equal to the total current leaving the junction. In the given circuit, there are two paths for the current to flow. The current from the 2 A source splits into two branches, with 1 A flowing through the 2 Ω resistor and 1 A flowing through the 4 Ω resistor. These two currents then combine at the junction point, resulting in a total current of 2 A.
19.
Perhatikan gambar berikut!
Kutub-kutub yang terjadi pada ujung besi tersebut adalah ....
Correct Answer
A. A
20.
Perhatikan beberapa fenomena alam berikut!
1) terjadinya perbedaan waktu antara Jakarta dengan Papua
2) Gerak matahari dari timur ke barat
3) Pergantian siang dengan malam
4) Perubahan posisi terbit matahari dari hari ke hari lainnya
5) Perubahan suhu udara di daerah kutub
Fenomena alam yang disebabkan oleh rotasi bumi adalah ….
Correct Answer
A. 1), 2), 3)
Explanation
The correct answer is 1), 2), 3). This is because the rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible for the differences in time between Jakarta and Papua, the movement of the sun from east to west, and the alternation between day and night.
21.
Perhatikan gambar diagram transformator berikut :
Jiku transformator tersebut bersifat ideal, maka kuat arus pada kumparan primer adalah ....
Correct Answer
B. 1A
Explanation
The given diagram represents an ideal transformer. In an ideal transformer, the ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil is equal to the ratio of the primary current to the secondary current. Since the question asks for the primary current, which is the current in the primary coil, and the given answer is 1A, it implies that the secondary current is also 1A. Therefore, the primary current is 1A.
22.
Air bermassa 20 kg dan bersuhu 20 C dicampur dengan air bermassa 5 kg bersuhu 80 C. Setelah terjadi keseimbangan, suhu campuran menjadi ….
Correct Answer
A. 32 C
Explanation
When two substances with different temperatures are mixed, they will eventually reach a common temperature called the equilibrium temperature. This is due to the transfer of heat from the hotter substance to the cooler substance until they both have the same temperature. In this case, the initial temperature of the first substance is 20°C and the initial temperature of the second substance is 80°C. Since the second substance has a higher temperature, heat will transfer from it to the first substance. The equilibrium temperature will be somewhere between 20°C and 80°C, but closer to 20°C since the first substance has a higher mass. Therefore, the correct answer is 32°C.
23.
Pada pengamatan ekosistem sawah yang oleh Darwin diperoleh data sebagai berikut :
Berdasarkan tabel tersebut, yang termasuk komponen biotik adalah ....
Correct Answer
A. 1,4,6
Explanation
Based on the given data, the components that are considered biotic in the observed rice field ecosystem are 1 (padi), 4 (katak), and 6 (ular). These components are living organisms that are part of the ecosystem and can interact with other biotic and abiotic factors in the ecosystem.
24.
Perhatikan gambar percobaanberikut!
Percobaan tersebut membuktikan bahwa tumbuhan sebagai makhluk hidup memiliki ciri....
Correct Answer
B. Bergerak
25.
Ditemukan seekor hewan yang memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut:
(1) Tubuhnya lunak berlendir
(2) Bergerak dengan menggunakan otot perut
(3) Memiliki cangkang yang keras
Hewan tersebut termasuk dalam kelompok ....
Correct Answer
D. Mollusca
Explanation
The correct answer is Mollusca because mollusks meet all the given characteristics. They have soft, slimy bodies, move using muscles in their abdomen, and have hard shells. Porifera are sponges, which do not have muscles or shells. Coelenterata refers to cnidarians like jellyfish, which do not have shells. Arthropoda, such as insects and crustaceans, have hard exoskeletons but do not have soft, slimy bodies. Therefore, the only option that fits all the given characteristics is Mollusca.
26.
Perhatikan kunci dikotom berikut ini !
1a Memiliki tulang belakang ........................................................................... 2
b Tidak memiliki tulang belakang ................................................................. 5
2a Memiliki kelenjar susu ............................................................................. .. Mamalia
b Tidak memiliki kelenjar susu ....................................................................... 3
3a Bergerak dengan menggunakan sirip dan bernapas dengan insang ....... Pisces
b Bergerak tidak menggunakan sirip dan bernapas tidak menggunakan insang .. 4
4a Tubuh ditutupi oleh sisik yang keras ........................................................... Reptilia
b Tubuh ditutupi oleh bulu ............................................................................. Aves
5a Memiliki cangkang dan berjalan menggunakan perut ............................. Gastropoda
b Tidak memiliki cangkang ............................................................................ 6
6a Kakinya beruas-ruas ................................................................................. 7
b Tidak berkaki dan badannya beruas-ruas ............................................... Annelida
7a Kaki berjumlah 6 pasang ......................................................................... Insekta
Berdasarkan kunci dikotomi tersebut, urutan identifikasi yang benar untuk hewan pinguin adalah . . ..
Correct Answer
A. 1a, 2b, 3b, 4b
Explanation
Based on the given dichotomous key, the correct identification sequence for a penguin is 1a, 2b, 3b, 4b. This means that the penguin has a backbone (1a), does not have mammary glands (2b), does not move using fins and does not breathe through gills (3b), and its body is not covered in hard scales (4b).
27.
Perhatikan gambar jaring-jaring makanan berikut!
Jika tikus kebun dibasmi, yang akan terjadi adalah....
Correct Answer
C. Populasi rajawali menurun
Explanation
The given food web shows that the garden mouse is a prey for the barn owl and the eagle. If the garden mouse population decreases due to eradication, it will result in a decrease in the food supply for the barn owl and the eagle. As a result, the population of the eagle will decline.
28.
Perhatikan grafik berikut!
Dampak lingkungan yang muncul berkaitan dengan data yang ditunjukkan oleh grafik adalah ....
Correct Answer
B. Semakin terbatasnya sumber air bersih
Explanation
The graph shows a decreasing trend in the availability of clean water. This suggests that the environmental impact related to the data shown by the graph is the increasing scarcity of clean water.
29.
Produksi kemasan botol yang terbuat dari bahan plastik jika tidak dikendalikan dapat mencemari lingkungan. Upaya untuk mengatasi pencemaran tersebut adalah ....
Correct Answer
C. Mendaur ulang untuk dibuat kerajinan
Explanation
The correct answer is "mendaur ulang untuk dibuat kerajinan" because recycling plastic bottles to make crafts is a way to reduce pollution caused by plastic packaging production. By recycling, the plastic bottles are reused and transformed into new products, reducing the need for new plastic production and the disposal of plastic waste in the environment. This helps to mitigate the environmental pollution caused by plastic packaging.
30.
Ciri-ciri pembuluh darah yang menuju jantung dari
paru-paru adalah ....
Correct Answer
D. Tidak elastis, darah yang mengalir kaya akan oksigen
Explanation
The correct answer is "tidak elastis, darah yang mengalir kaya akan oksigen" because the question is asking for the characteristics of blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the heart. These blood vessels are known as pulmonary veins, and they are not elastic because they need to maintain a constant flow of oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart. Additionally, the blood that flows through these vessels is rich in oxygen because it has just been oxygenated in the lungs.
31.
Perhatikan gambar sistem pernapasan berikut!
Proses yang terjadi pada organ P terhadap udara pernapasan yang masuk ke paru-paru adalah ....
Correct Answer
D. Penyaringan debu oleh rambut-rambut getar
Explanation
The correct answer is "penyaringan debu oleh rambut-rambut getar". This is because the image of the respiratory system shows the presence of cilia, which are hair-like structures that line the respiratory tract. These cilia help to filter out dust particles and other foreign substances from the air that enters the lungs. Therefore, the process that occurs in organ P (which is likely referring to the respiratory tract) is the filtration of dust particles by the vibrating hairs (cilia).
32.
Perhatikan ganrban penampang melintang akar berikut ini!
Bagian P berfungsi untuk ....
Correct Answer
D. Mengangkut air dan mineral
Explanation
Pada gambar penampang melintang akar, bagian P menunjukkan xilem dan floem yang merupakan jaringan pengangkut air dan mineral. Xilem berfungsi mengangkut air dan mineral dari akar ke seluruh bagian tumbuhan, sedangkan floem mengangkut hasil fotosintesis dari daun ke bagian lain tumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, jawaban yang tepat adalah "mengangkut air dan mineral".
33.
Perhatikan gambar sistem pencernaan berikut!
Proses pencernaan yang tedadi pada organ X adalah ....
Correct Answer
D. Pembusukan sisa-sisa makanan
Explanation
The correct answer is "pembusukan sisa-sisa makanan." Based on the image of the digestive system, organ X is most likely the large intestine or colon. The process of "pembusukan sisa-sisa makanan" refers to the breakdown and decomposition of leftover food particles, primarily fiber, by bacteria in the large intestine. This process helps in the absorption of water and the formation of feces.
34.
Perhatikan perangkat percobaan fotosintesis berikutl
Hasil percobaan tersebut disajikan dalam tabel berikut
Berdasarkan hasil percobaan tersebut, faktor apakah yang mempengaruhi proses fotosintesis?
Correct Answer
D. Cahaya dan CO2
Explanation
The experiment shows that the presence of light and CO2 affects the process of photosynthesis. This is evident from the fact that the experiment was conducted using Hydrilla plants and different substances such as NHCO3 and water. The results presented in the table suggest that the presence of light and CO2 is necessary for photosynthesis to occur. Therefore, the correct answer is "cahaya dan CO2" (light and CO2).
35.
Perhatikan gambar berikut!
Persendian yang memiliki sifat arah sendi yangsama adalah ....
Correct Answer
C. Q = S, R = U
Explanation
The given answer states that Q = S and R = U. This means that the joints Q and S have the same direction of movement, and the joints R and U also have the same direction of movement. This implies that the joints Q, S, R, and U all have the same type of joint, where their movements are aligned in the same direction. This information can be inferred from the given relationships between the variables in the diagram.
36.
Perhatikan pembentukan bayangan pada mata berikut !
Cacat mata dan lensa kaca mata yang harus digunakan agar bayangan jatuh tepat di retina adalah
Correct Answer
C. C
Explanation
The correct answer is C.
37.
Perhatikan gambar ginjal berikut ini!
Proses yang terjadi pada bagian P adalah ..,.
Correct Answer
B. Penyerapan kembali zat-zat yang masih bermanfaat bagi tubuh
Explanation
Bagian P pada gambar ginjal adalah tubulus kontortus proksimal, yang berfungsi untuk menyerap kembali zat-zat yang masih bermanfaat bagi tubuh. Proses ini terjadi setelah filtrasi darah di glomerulus, di mana zat-zat yang masih diperlukan oleh tubuh seperti glukosa, air, garam, dan asam amino diserap kembali ke dalam darah melalui dinding tubulus kontortus proksimal.
38.
Perhatikan gambar ! Hubungan yang tepat antara organ Z dan fungsinya adalah ....
Correct Answer
D. D
39.
Persil angan antara kelinci berbulu halus telinga panjang (HHPP) dengan kelinci berbulu kasar telinga pendek (hhpp), menghasilkan kelinci berbulu halus telinga panjang (HhPp). Apabila F 1 disilangkan sesamanya, maka akan menghasilkan jumlah genotip ....
Correct Answer
B. HHpp = 1
Explanation
When crossing Persil angan antara kelinci berbulu halus telinga panjang (HHPP) dengan kelinci berbulu kasar telinga pendek (hhpp), the resulting genotype for the offspring will be HhPp. This is because the dominant allele for long ears (H) and smooth fur (P) will be present in one copy each, while the recessive alleles for short ears (h) and rough fur (p) will be present in one copy each. Therefore, there will be one genotype of HHpp in the offspring.
40.
Pemyataan berikut yang sesuai dengan dampak positif
pemanfaatan bioteknologi dalam bidang pangan adalah
Correct Answer
C. Rekayasa genetik pada tanaman tebu dengan memanfaatkan bakteri Escherecia coli menghasilkan tanaman tebu tahan lahan kering
Explanation
The statement about genetic engineering in sugarcane using Escherichia coli bacteria to produce drought-resistant sugarcane is the correct answer. This is because genetic engineering allows for the manipulation of an organism's genes to introduce desirable traits, such as drought resistance in this case. By using Escherichia coli bacteria, scientists can modify the genes of sugarcane plants to make them more resilient to dry conditions, which can have a positive impact on food production in areas with limited water resources.