1.
The tree of evolution is called the _______.
Correct Answer
C. pHylogenetic tree
Explanation
A phylogenetic tree is a visual representation of the evolutionary relationships between different species or groups of organisms. It shows how different species have evolved from a common ancestor over time. The tree of evolution is often referred to as a phylogenetic tree because it helps us understand the evolutionary history and relatedness of different organisms. The other options, such as "Tree of evolutionary species" and "Tree of incarnation," do not accurately describe the concept of a phylogenetic tree.
2.
The evolutionary pathways of five species are represented in the diagram below.
Which statement is supported by the diagram?
Correct Answer
D. Both species C and species D are related to species X.
Explanation
The diagram shows that species C and species D are both connected to species X, indicating that they share a common ancestor or are closely related. This is supported by the branching pattern in the diagram, which suggests a common lineage between species C, D, and X.
3.
The diagram below represents possible evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms.
Which statement is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from the diagram?
Correct Answer
C. Earthworms and sea stars have a common ancestor.
Explanation
The diagram shows different groups of organisms and their evolutionary relationships. By analyzing the diagram, we can see that earthworms and sea stars share a common ancestor, as they both branch off from the same point. This suggests that they have a common evolutionary history and are related to each other. Therefore, the valid conclusion that can be drawn from the diagram is that earthworms and sea stars have a common ancestor.
4.
To determine evolutionary relationships between organisms, a comparison would most likely be made between all of the characteristics below except
Correct Answer
B. Number of their ATP molecules
Explanation
To determine evolutionary relationships between organisms, scientists typically compare characteristics that are inherited and can provide information about common ancestry. This includes methods of reproduction, sequences in their DNA molecules, and structure of protein molecules present. The number of ATP molecules, on the other hand, is not a characteristic that is inherited or can provide information about common ancestry. Therefore, it would not be included in the comparison to determine evolutionary relationships.
5.
Which observation could best be used to indicate an evolutionary relationship between two species?
Correct Answer
A. They have similar base sequences.
Explanation
Similar base sequences in the DNA of two species can indicate an evolutionary relationship between them. This is because DNA sequences are inherited from ancestors and can change over time through genetic mutations. Therefore, if two species have similar base sequences, it suggests that they share a common ancestor and have evolved from a common lineage. This similarity in DNA sequences can provide evidence of a close evolutionary relationship between the two species.
6.
Some evolutionary pathways are represented in the diagram below.
An inference that can be made from information in the diagram is that
Correct Answer
A. Many of the descendants of organism B became extinct
Explanation
The diagram represents evolutionary pathways, indicating the relationships between different organisms. Since there are fewer descendants of organism B compared to the other organisms represented, it can be inferred that many of the descendants of organism B became extinct.
7.
An evolutionary pathway is represented below.
Which statement about evolutionary pathways is most accurate
Correct Answer
B. Two organisms on the same branch of an evolutionary pathway are more closely related to each other than to those on distant branches.
Explanation
Two organisms on the same branch of an evolutionary pathway are more closely related to each other than to those on distant branches. This statement accurately reflects the concept of common ancestry in evolution. Organisms that share a more recent common ancestor will be more closely related to each other than to organisms that share a common ancestor further back in time. The branching structure of an evolutionary pathway represents the divergence of species from a common ancestor, with organisms on the same branch being more closely related.
8.
One possible pathway for the evolution of elephants is represented in the diagram below.
Which statement concerning this pattern of evolution is correct?
Correct Answer
B. Evolution does not always result in a species that will survive to present time.
Explanation
Evolution does not always result in a species that will survive to present time because the process of evolution is driven by natural selection, which favors traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction. However, environmental changes, competition, and other factors can lead to the extinction of certain species along the evolutionary pathway. Therefore, not all species that undergo evolution will necessarily survive to the present time.
9.
Which statement concerning the evolution of species A, B, C, D, and E is supported by the diagram below?
Correct Answer
A. Species B and C can be found in today's environments.
Explanation
The diagram supports the statement that species B and C can be found in today's environments because they are shown as separate branches on the diagram, indicating that they have evolved and continue to exist in the present. The diagram does not provide evidence for the other statements.
10.
Base your answers to this question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents possible evolutionary pathways of certain organisms.
Which species is most closely related to species L?
Correct Answer
B. F
Explanation
Species F is most closely related to species L. This can be determined by looking at the diagram and observing that species F shares a common ancestor with species L. The branching pattern of the diagram suggests that species F and L are more closely related to each other compared to the other species listed.