Linux LPI 117-101 # 2 Of 9
Linux lpi testing
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Type in the file name and full path of the configuration file where you would set the variable HISTSIZE for all users of the system.
Explanation
Explanation: /etc/profile is the global login scripts, parsed by all users with
Borune-style shells including bash and sh. Usually used to set the default path,
values assign on variable, startup program execution.
Sample /etc/profile Configuration
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
pathmunge () {
if ! echo $PATH | /bin/egrep -q "(^|:)$1($|:)" ; then
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
fi
}
# Path manipulation
if [ `id -u` = 0 ]; then
pathmunge /sbin
pathmunge /usr/sbin
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
fi
pathmunge /usr/X11R6/bin after
# No core files by default
ulimit -S -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1
USER="`id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ -z "$INPUTRC" -a ! -f "$HOME/.inputrc" ]; then
INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
fi
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r "$i" ]; then
. $i
fi
done
unset i
unset pathmungeRate this question:
- 2.
Type only the name of the file or utility that will show you the last system bootup messages.
Explanation
dmesg command helps users to print out their bootup messages.Rate this question:
- 3.
What does the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard enable? (Select TWO answers)
- A.
Software to predict the location of installed files and directories
- B.
Software to predict the ownership and access rights of installed files and directories
- C.
Users to predict the location of installed files and directories.
- D.
Users to predict how the filesystem should be formatted according to need.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Software to predict the location of installed files and directories
C. Users to predict the location of installed files and directories.Explanation
This standard enables:
1. Software to predict the location of installed files and directories, and
2. Users to predict the location of installed files and directories.
This is done by:
1. Specifying guiding principles for each area of the filesystem,
2. Specifying the minimum files and directories required,
3. Enumerating exceptions to the principles, and
4. Enumerating specific cases where there has been historical conflict.Rate this question:
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- 4.
You have a machine which serves 100 users. You don't want to include their data in the location database. Where would you specify excluded directories for locate?
- A.
/etc/locate.conf
- B.
.locaterc
- C.
/etc/updatedb.conf
- D.
/etc/exclude_dir
Correct Answer
D. /etc/exclude_dirExplanation
In order to specify excluded directories for the locate command, you would need to specify them in the /etc/exclude_dir file. This file allows you to list directories that you do not want to include in the locate database. By adding the directories to this file, the locate command will skip indexing those directories and their contents.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Identify the proper device for the third partition, on the second hard disk, on the first IDE controller on a PC system.
- A.
/dev/hdb3
- B.
/dev/hd1b3
- C.
/dev/hdc1b3
- D.
/dev/hdc1d2p3
Correct Answer
A. /dev/hdb3Explanation
Harddisk Recognization
Primary Master /dev/hda
Primary Slave /dev/hdb
Secondary Master /dev/hdc
Secondary Slave /dev/hdd
According To question, Device name is /dev/hdb and paratition number is 3.
/dev/hdb3Rate this question:
-
- 6.
You have just upgraded your PC to a 60 gigabyte IDE drive. While partitioning thedrive, you notice that only 32 gigabytes are available. Which of the following willmost likely allow you to use the entire drive?
- A.
Create two smaller partitions of 30 gigabytes each.
- B.
Set the PC BIOS to use LBA mode.
- C.
Create a partition that resides entirely below the first 1024 cylinders.
- D.
Use GRUB or the latest version of LILO as a bootloader.
- E.
Upgrade the PC BIOS to the latest version available.
Correct Answer
E. Upgrade the PC BIOS to the latest version available.Explanation
Not being able to use new, big harddrives is usually connected to the
BIOS in the computer.Rate this question:
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- 7.
On an ext2 partition, what portion is reserved for the root user?
- A.
100 cylinders
- B.
No less than 500 blocks
- C.
None
- D.
5%
- E.
1/32nd of the total space
Correct Answer
D. 5%Explanation
Specify the percentage of the filesystem blocks reserved for the super-user. This value defaults to 5%. If you want to change the percentage for super user: mke2fs -m percentage partitionRate this question:
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- 8.
You have a Linux system with a 100GB ext2 partition containing large amounts of data. To minimize the boot time, you decide to convert it to a journaling filesystem. Which journaling file system would be easiest to convert the partition to (without destroying existing data)?
- A.
Reiserfs
- B.
Vfat
- C.
Ext3
- D.
Xfs
Correct Answer
C. Ext3Explanation
The easiest journaling file system to convert the ext2 partition to without destroying existing data would be ext3. Ext3 is a journaling file system that is backward compatible with ext2, meaning it can be easily converted from ext2 without losing any data. It provides the benefits of journaling, which helps improve system reliability and recovery in case of power failures or system crashes.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Tamika is planning the partition table for her new workstation. Assuming she will give each of the following directories its own partition, which partition should be the largest?
- A.
/usr
- B.
/lib
- C.
/root
- D.
/bin
Correct Answer
A. /usrExplanation
When we install, most of the user's commands, administrative commands and
applications are installed on /usr by creating sub directories ie /usr/bin, /usr/sbin. So we
required more space then other partitions.Rate this question:
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- 10.
You have run out of disk space on a partition. Which of the following would be an easy way to move data to a new partition without reconfiguring the path to the data in existing applications?
- A.
Run ext2fs ACL.
- B.
Use a hard link.
- C.
Use a symbolic link.
- D.
Use the loopback device.
- E.
Create a block device offset.
Correct Answer
C. Use a symbolic link.Explanation
A Symbolic link points to another file and the contents of link file is referenced file. So, symbolic linked file occupied the very less space the original file.Rate this question:
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- 11.
To build a fresh new Linux system, how much free space should you reserve for theLinux partition?
- A.
100 - 200MB
- B.
200 - 300MB
- C.
300 - 400MB
- D.
700 - 800MB
Correct Answer
D. 700 - 800MBExplanation
According to the technical information available at Linux From Scratch Ver 3.0, Before we can build our new Linux system, we need to have an
empty Linux partition on which we can build our new system. I recommend a partition size of at least 750 MB. This gives enough space to store all the tarballs
and to compile all packages without worrying about running out of the necessary
temporary disk space. But you probably want more space than that if you plan to
use the LFS system as your primary Linux system.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which directory is used to store undelivered user email by default?
- A.
/var/spool/sendmail/usermail
- B.
/var/spool/mail
- C.
/var/spool/mailqueue
- D.
/var/spool/sendmail/username
- E.
/var/mail/sendmail/username
Correct Answer
B. /var/spool/mailExplanation
The /var/spool/mail directory contains the spooling mail. Under
/var/mail/spool file with same as username are here, which contains the user's spooling mail.Rate this question:
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- 13.
What would be the device name of the 2nd SCSI disk on your system? Include thefull path to the device file
Correct Answer
/dev/sdbExplanation
First SCSI disk device is filename is /dev/sda and second /dev/sdb.Rate this question:
- 14.
What is the device file for the first logical drive in the extended partition of theSecondary Master IDE drive? Include the full path and filename.
Correct Answer
/dev/hdc5Explanation
Harddisk Recognization
Primary Master /dev/hda
Primary Slave /dev/hdb
Secondary Master /dev/hdc
Secondary Slave /dev/hdd
According To QUESTION, drive is secondary master, then device name is /dev/hdc and
Logical partition start from 5.
So /dev/hdc5Rate this question:
- 15.
Which of the following directories would be the least likely to need backing up?Choose Two.
- A.
/usr
- B.
/etc
- C.
/home
- D.
/tmp
- E.
/swap
Correct Answer(s)
D. /tmp
E. /swapExplanation
Backup and Restore depends on the importance of data, the /usr, /etc,
/home contains the importance data then /tmp and /swap. /usr/bin, /bin contains all
user commands, /usr/sbin, /sbin contains the administrative commands, /etc/
contains the configuration files. So these directory contains the important files.Rate this question:
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- 16.
With a Linux 2.2 Kernel-based machine configuration of 133 MHZ, 32 MB RAMand a 1 GB HD, how much swap should be configured?
- A.
512MB
- B.
256MB
- C.
128MB
- D.
64MB
- E.
32MB
Correct Answer
D. 64MBExplanation
Swap also called the virtual memory, we should give the swap space as
double of RAM size.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following file system types causes the least impact when upgrading anExt2 file system?
- A.
Ext3
- B.
ReiserFS
- C.
JFS
- D.
XFS
- E.
VFS
Correct Answer
A. Ext3Explanation
What are the advantages of ext3?
Why do you want to migrate from ext2 to ext3? Four main reasons: availability, data
integrity, speed, and easy transition.
Availability
After an unclean system shutdown (unexpected power failure, system crash), each ext2
file system cannot be mounted until its consistency has been checked by the e2fsck
program. The amount of time that the e2fsck program takes is determined primarily by
the size of the file system, and for today's relatively large (many tens of gigabytes) file
systems, this takes a long time. Also, the more files you have on the file system, the
longer the consistency check takes. File systems that are several hundreds of gigabytes in
size may take an hour or more to check. This severely limits availability.
By contrast, ext3 does not require a file system check, even after an unclean system
shutdown, except for certain rare hardware failure cases (e.g. hard drive failures). This is
because the data is written to disk in such a way that the file system is always consistent.
The time to recover an ext3 file system after an unclean system shutdown does not
depend on the size of the file system or the number of files; rather, it depends on the size
of the "journal" used to maintain consistency. The default journal size takes about a
second to recover (depending on the speed of the hardware).
Data Integrity
Using the ext3 file system can provide stronger guarantees about data integrity in case of
an unclean system shutdown. You choose the type and level of protection that your data
receives. You can choose to keep the file system consistent, but allow for damage to data
on the file system in the case of unclean system shutdown; this can give a modest speed
up under some but not all circumstances. Alternatively, you can choose to ensure that the
data is consistent with the state of the file system; this means that you will never see
garbage data in recently-written files after a crash. The safe choice, keeping the data
consistent with the state of the file system, is the default.
Speed
Despite writing some data more than once, ext3 is often faster (higher throughput) than
ext2 because ext3's journaling optimizes hard drive head motion. You can choose from
three journaling modes to optimize speed, optionally choosing to trade off some data
integrity.
1. One mode, data=writeback, limits the data integrity guarantees, allowing old data to
show up in files after a crash, for a potential increase in speed under some circumstances.
(This mode, which is the default journaling mode for most journaling file systems,
essentially provides the more limited data integrity guarantees of the ext2 file system and
merely avoids the long file system check at boot time.)
2. The second mode, data=ordered (the default mode), guarantees that the data is
consistent with the file system; recently-written files will never show up with garbage
contents after a crash.
3. The last mode,
data=journal, requires a larger journal for reasonable speed in most cases and therefore
takes longer to recover in case of unclean shutdown, but is sometimes faster for certain
database operations.
The default mode is recommended for general-purpose computing needs. To change the
mode, add the data=something option to the mount options for that file system in the
/etc/fstab file, as documented in the mount man page (man mount).
Easy Transition
It is easy to change from ext2 to ext3 and gain the benefits of a robust journaling file
system, without reformatting. That's right, there is no need to do a long, tedious, and
error-prone backup-reformat-restore operation in order to experience the advantages of
ext3. There are two ways to perform the transition:
1. The Red Hat Linux installation program offers to transition your file systems when
you upgrade your system. All you have to do is select one checkbox per file system.
The tune2fs program can add a journal to an existing ext2 file system. If the file system is
already mounted while it is being transitioned, the journal will be visible as the file
.journal in the root directory of the file system. If the file system is not mounted, the
journal will be hidden and will not appear in the file system. Just run tune2fs -j /dev/hda1
(or whatever device holds the file system you are transitioning) and change ext2 to ext3
on the matching lines in /etc/fstab. If you are transitioning your root file system, you will
have to use an initrd to boot. Run the mkinitrd program as described in the manual and
make sure that your LILO or GRUB configuration loads the initrd. (If you fail to make
that change, the system will still boot, but the root file system will be mounted as ext2
instead of ext3 - you can tell this by looking at the output of the command cat
/proc/mounts.) More information on tune2fs can be found in the tune2fs man page (man
tune2fs).Rate this question:
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- 18.
According to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, what directory trees areconsidered optional on a system's root filesystem? Choose all that apply.
- A.
/mnt
- B.
/root
- C.
/usr
- D.
/var
- E.
/opt
Correct Answer(s)
C. /usr
D. /var
E. /optExplanation
Optional root filesystem means these filesystem can be separate from the root. Like
/var, /usr, /opt, /home, /tmp etc filesystem can create in separate partaions but some
filesystem can't separate from the / (root) filesysteme eg, /lib, /dev/, /etc/, /sbin, /bin
and /.Rate this question:
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- 19.
When partitioning a disk with more than 1024 cylinders, which of the followingcould affect the systems ability to boot?
- A.
Location of LILO on disk
- B.
Location of /boot on disk
- C.
Location /var on disk
- D.
Disk transfer rate
- E.
Disk seek time
Correct Answer
B. Location of /boot on diskExplanation
If size to boot partitions assigns after the 1024 cylinder then, lilo boot
loader unable to load the kernel so it effects to boot partaiton. If you are using the
LILO boot loader boot partitions should be within 1024 cylinder.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following is a typical rule for allocating swap space for a Linuxinstallation?
- A.
Use 25% of available drive space for a swap partition.
- B.
Use 10% of available drive space for a swap partition.
- C.
Use 50% of total RAM for the size of a swap partition.
- D.
Use 200% of total RAM for the size of a swap partition.
- E.
Use 128MB on each hard disk in the system for swap.
Correct Answer
D. Use 200% of total RAM for the size of a swap partition.Explanation
The Convention for swap partition is Double of Physical RAM size.Rate this question:
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- 21.
You are building a server that will undergo many hardware and operating systemupgrades. The server is the file server for all users on your 100 user network.Which directory should have its own mountpoint and/or hard drive?
- A.
/boot
- B.
/sbin
- C.
/home
- D.
/etc
Correct Answer
C. /homeExplanation
/home is called typical user's home directory. All user's home directory will be created on /home. So, it should own mount point.Rate this question:
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- 22.
You are formatting a single hard disk for a Linux install. What is the maximumnumber of primary partitions you can create?
- A.
0
- B.
1
- C.
2
- D.
3
- E.
4
Correct Answer
E. 4Explanation
Generally in one System we can connect four Physical Harddisks. As a
Primary Master, Primary Slave, Secondary Master, Secondary Slave.
In One System: Either four Primary partitions or 1 Primary or 2 Primary or 3 Primary + 1
extended and all logical partitions will be create under extended partations.
Hardisk device recognized as follows
Primary Master : /dev/hda
Primary Slave : /dev/hdb
Secondary Master : /dev/hdc
Secondary Slave : /dev/hdd
Suppose you have only single harddisk and going to install Linux, Maximum you can
create 4 primary partitions. If you create four primary partitions you can't create extended
partitions that mean no logical partitions can create.Rate this question:
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- 23.
In GRUB's configuration file you find the line root (hd1, 4)What is corresponding device name on a Linux system?
- A.
/dev/hda4
- B.
/dev/hda5
- C.
/dev/hdb4
- D.
/dev/hdb5
Correct Answer
D. /dev/hdb5Explanation
hd0 Primary Master hda
hd1 Primary Slave hdb
hd2 Secondary Master hdc
hd3 Secondary Slave hdd
Similarly partition number starts from 0 like array index in programming.Rate this question:
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- 24.
When you are looking for brief information about a program in your PATH with itsassociated man pages, you would use ...
- A.
Which
- B.
Whereis
- C.
Locate
- D.
Where
Correct Answer
B. WhereisExplanation
Whereis - locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a
command
Syntax: whereis [options] command
Options:
-b à Search only for binaries
-m à Search only for manual section
-s à Search only for sources.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Select the default $PATH set by the init command
- A.
/bin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/etc:/usr/etc
- B.
/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/opt/bin:/bin:/sbin
- C.
/usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
- D.
/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin
Correct Answer
C. /usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binExplanation
To display the default set path use echo $PATH command.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which TWO commands will find the path for the binary vim?
- A.
Man vim
- B.
Whereis vim
- C.
Apropos vim
- D.
Which vim
Correct Answer(s)
B. Whereis vim
D. Which vimExplanation
which and whereis command displays the executable path of
commands. Example: which clearà Shows actually where clear is stored similarly
whereis clear.Rate this question:
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- 27.
You want to uninstall lilo. Which of the following would you do to accomplish this?
- A.
Lilo -u
- B.
Remove lilo
- C.
Uninstall lilo
- D.
Lilo -r
Correct Answer
A. Lilo -uExplanation
Using lilo command we can install the lilo boot loader on MBR. To uninstall lilo bootloader from MBR use the lilo -u command.Rate this question:
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- 28.
You want to set a 30 second delay before your system boots to the default kernel.Which of the following command lines would do this?
- A.
Lilo -t 30
- B.
Lilo -d 30
- C.
Lilo delay 30
- D.
Lilo 30
Correct Answer
B. Lilo -d 30Explanation
-d delay
If you have specified several kernels, and press Shift at boot time, the boot loader will
present you with a choice of which system to boot. After a timeout period the first kernel
in the list is booted. This option specifies the timeout delay in deciseconds.
Sample Configuration of /etc/lilo.conf
prompt
timeout=20
default=linux
boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
message=/boot/message
linear
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL
label=linux
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
read-only
append="rhgb quiet root=LABEL=/"Rate this question:
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- 29.
Which lilo.conf parameter will specify the amount of time the system will waitbefore booting to the default image?
- A.
Wait
- B.
Delay
- C.
Pause
- D.
Default
Correct Answer
B. DelayExplanation
-d delay
If you have specified several kernels, and press Shift at boot time, the boot loader will
present you with a choice of which system to boot. After a timeout period the first kernel
in the list is booted. This option specifies the timeout delay in deciseconds.
Example: lilo -d 50Rate this question:
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- 30.
What lilo option will list the name and location of available kernels?
- A.
-q
- B.
-k
- C.
-v
- D.
-l
Correct Answer
A. -qExplanation
-q List the currently mapped files. lilo maintains a file, by default /boot/map, containing
the name and location of the kernel(s) to boot. This option will list the names therein.
Example: lilo -qRate this question:
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- 31.
What lilo.conf parameter is used to specify vga text mode?
- A.
Vgatext
- B.
Svga
- C.
Vga
- D.
Vtm
Correct Answer
C. VgaExplanation
vga=mode
This specifies the VGA text mode that should be selected when booting. The following
values are recognized (case is ignored):
normal: select normal 80x25 text mode.
extended (or ext): select 80x50 text mode.
ask: stop and ask for user input (at boot time).
: use the corresponding text mode. A list of available
modes can be obtained by booting with vga=ask and pressing
[Enter].Rate this question:
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- 32.
You want to set a script to run when your Linux system reboots. What lilo option should you use?
- A.
-R
- B.
-S
- C.
-T
- D.
-L
Correct Answer
A. -RExplanation
-R command line
This option sets the default command for the boot loader the next time it executes. The
boot loader will then erase this line: this is a once-only command. It is typically used in
reboot scripts, just before calling shutdown -ra.Rate this question:
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- 33.
You have a system that uses LILO from the Master Boot Record. You have justrecompiled a new kernel. You already have a backup kernel setup to boot fromLILO so you overwrite your existing kernel with new kernel image using the samename and location. When you reboot, you find the system does not boot.What is likely to be the problem?
- A.
The new kernel image is above the 1024 cylinder and therefore cannot be loaded.
- B.
You did not update your /etc/lilo.conf file to boot the new kernel.
- C.
You need to boot the new kernel with a boot floppy to restore the old kernel.
- D.
You reboot before re-installing LILO in the Master Boot Record.
Correct Answer
A. The new kernel image is above the 1024 cylinder and therefore cannot be loaded.Explanation
Lilo boot loader can't load the OS installed above 1024 cylinder so we can use linear option in /etc/lilo.conf file.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Where can lilo place boot code?
- A.
The boot ROM
- B.
The boot RAM
- C.
The /boot partition
- D.
The MBR on a hard drive
Correct Answer
D. The MBR on a hard driveExplanation
lilo command installs the bootloader on MBR (Master Boot Record) and activated on next boot time.Rate this question:
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- 35.
From the LILO: or Boot: prompt you wish to start the kernel named linux and setthe machine at run level 1. Type the command line to do this?
Correct Answer
linux 1
linux s
linux S
linux singleExplanation
Standard Runlevel
0 - halt
1 or s or single or S- Single user mode
2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)
3 - Full multiuser mode
4 - unused
5 - X11
6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
To boot the kernel parameter from lilo bootloader, press ctrl+x and then kernel name runlevel. Example to boot linux system on runlevel 3: linux 3Rate this question:
- 36.
What lilo.conf parameter will cause the root file system to be mounted read only?
- A.
No-write
- B.
Read
- C.
No-right
- D.
Read-only
Correct Answer
D. Read-onlyExplanation
Here is the sample Configuration
prompt
timeout=20
default=linux
boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
message=/boot/message
linear
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL
label=linux
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
read-only à Mounts the root filesystem on read only mode
append="rhgb quiet root=LABEL=/"Rate this question:
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- 37.
What lilo.conf parameter is used to specify what device should be mounted as rootby default?
- A.
Root
- B.
Drive
- C.
Mntroot
- D.
Mount
Correct Answer
A. RootExplanation
Here is the sample Configuration
prompt
timeout=20
default=linux
boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
message=/boot/message
linear
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL
label=linux
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
read-only
append="rhgb quiet root=LABEL=/" Ã Here specifying the root partationRate this question:
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- 38.
While troubleshooting a boot issue you wish to know exactly what parameters are passed to the kernel from your bootloader. One way to do this is to execute cat /proc/__________
Correct Answer
Explanation
The Linux /proc Directory is a Virtual Filesystem provided by linux kernel. /proc
contains files and directories that let system administrators and programmers access
system information.
If you misconfigured the bootloader, you can't load the Linux. We have different Boot
loader like lilo, grub etc. If you try to load the Linux using misconfigured bootloader you
will get kernel panic, no init found or Kernel Panic - Not Suyncing: Attempt to kill init
etc Error. At this time you can boot the system by passing different parameters from the
bootloader. If you are using LILO bootloader press ctrl+x, If you are using grub, press a
or e and edit or pass the different parameter.
Before passing kernel parameter, you should know what to pass, the file /proc/cmdline
contains the parameter can pass from bootloader.
For Grub
Contains of /proc/cmdline
ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb queit
or
/proc/cmdline
ro root=/dev/hda2
This file shows the parameters passed to the kernel at the time it is started.This tells us
that the kernel is mounted read-only (signi_ed by (ro)) off of the second partition on the
first IDE device (/dev/hda2).
For LILO
BOOT_IMAGE=linux ro BOOT_FILE=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL rhgb quiet
root=LABEL=/1Rate this question:
- 39.
What run level represents basic multi-user?
- A.
2
- B.
0
- C.
1
- D.
5
Correct Answer
A. 2Explanation
0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
1 - Single user mode
2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)
3 - Full multiuser mode
4 - unused
5 - X11
6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
Runlevel 2 is called the multi user without NFS ( Not Networking services available).Rate this question:
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- 40.
What run level represents multi-user?
- A.
3
- B.
0
- C.
1
- D.
5
Correct Answer
A. 3Explanation
Explanation:
0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
1 - Single user mode
2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)
3 - Full multiuser mode
4 - unused
5 - X11
6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
Runlevel 3 is called full multi user and Runelvel 5 is called X Window SystemRate this question:
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- 41.
Which of the following can be used to switch your system to run level 3?
- A.
Init 3
- B.
Rlevel 3
- C.
Level 3
- D.
Inittab 3
Correct Answer
A. Init 3Explanation
System boots in Default Runlevel defined in /etc/inittab file.
id:3:initdefault:
After booting the system we can switch from one runlevel to another by using the init
runlevel command.Rate this question:
-
- 42.
What run level represents a system reboot?
- A.
6
- B.
1
- C.
2
- D.
5
Correct Answer
A. 6Explanation
Runlevel 6 is called reboot. To switch runlevel 6: init 6Rate this question:
-
- 43.
What run level represents a power down?
- A.
5
- B.
0
- C.
1
- D.
4
Correct Answer
B. 0Explanation
Runlevel 0 is called Halt
To switch runlevel 0:
init 0Rate this question:
-
- 44.
What run level represents administration mode?
- A.
0
- B.
1
- C.
6
- D.
5
Correct Answer
B. 1Explanation
Single user mode is used for Troubleshooting and maintenance of System boot problem. So, s or S or single or 1 runlevel is called the administration mode.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which of the following can be used to switch your system to run level 1?
- A.
Init 1
- B.
Inittab 1
- C.
Rlevel 1
- D.
Level 1
Correct Answer
A. Init 1Explanation
System boots in Default Runlevel defined in /etc/inittab file.
id:3:initdefault:
After booting the system we can switch from one runlevel to another by using the init
runlevel command.Rate this question:
-
- 46.
What command can be used to find the current run level?
- A.
Runlevel
- B.
Level
- C.
Show level
- D.
Rlevel
Correct Answer
A. RunlevelExplanation
runlevel -- find the current and previous system runlevel.
It means currently system running on runlevel 3 and not switched to any runlevel.Rate this question:
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- 47.
What line do you need to add to the /etc/inittab file to boot in runlevel 5?
Correct Answer
id:5:initdefault:Explanation
To boot the system in runlevel 5 we should specify the id:5:initdefault:
in /etc/inittab file. By passing kernel arguments from boot loader we can override
the specified runlevel in /etc/inittab. If default runlevel is not specified, system boots
on runlevel 9(unknown runlevel).Rate this question:
- 48.
Linux is a(n) _________ operating system, meaning the source code is freely available.
- A.
Open sourced
- B.
User licensed
- C.
Closed source
- D.
Open binary
Correct Answer
A. Open sourcedExplanation
Open source software is that software, which is freely available to
download from the Internet with source code and no restriction to modify,
redistribute the software. So, Linux is the Open source OS.Rate this question:
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- 49.
You have compiled a program from source successfully, but you are gettingpermission errors when you try to install the binaries.What is most likely the problem?
- A.
Both rpm and dpkg need to be run as root.
- B.
You have the wrong permissions set on the /usr/bin directory.
- C.
The wrong prefix was used during the configuration or was not properly defined for the compile stage.
- D.
The binaries need to be installed into directories that need root privileges to write to them.
Correct Answer
D. The binaries need to be installed into directories that need root privileges to write to them.Explanation
when we install the binaries files, it creates the files, directories into the directory. To write the files or directories, there should be the write permission.
Before examine the Directory permission.
ls -ld directoryname
drwxr-xr-xRate this question:
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- 50.
Which utility would be used to verify the checksum of a downloaded archive file?
- A.
Verify
- B.
Chksum
- C.
Md5sum
- D.
Chkrpm
- E.
Pkgchk
Correct Answer
C. Md5sumExplanation
md5sum - compute and check MD5 message digest.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jan 29, 2009Quiz Created by
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