Med Term Final Exam, Chabner Part 2

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Rettak

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Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 1,878

Questions: 144 | Attempts: 205 | Updated: Mar 19, 2023

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Words of Interest for Final Exam Chptrs. 12-21, 144 questions

Questions and Answers

1.

New opening of the trachea to outside of the body.
- A.
  
  Colostomy
- B.
  
  Tracheoscopy
- C.
  
  Tracheostomy
- D.
  
  Laryngostomy
Correct Answer
C. Tracheostomy

Explanation
Tracheostomy is the correct answer because it refers to the surgical procedure of creating a new opening in the trachea, specifically to the outside of the body. This procedure is usually done to provide an alternative airway for patients who have difficulty breathing or need long-term ventilator support. Colostomy is the creation of an opening in the colon, tracheoscopy is the visual examination of the trachea, and laryngostomy is the creation of an opening in the larynx.

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2.

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lungs are usually involved but other organs may be affected.
- A.
  
  Bronchiolitis
- B.
  
  Tuberculitis
- C.
  
  Tuberculosis
- D.
  
  Hypoxia
Correct Answer
C. Tuberculosis

Explanation
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other organs in the body. This explanation provides a clear and concise description of the disease and its characteristics.

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3.

Continuous high-pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration.
- A.
  
  Wheeze
- B.
  
  Percussion
- C.
  
  Expiration
- D.
  
  Asthma
Correct Answer
A. Wheeze

Explanation
A wheeze is a continuous high-pitched whistling sound that is heard when air is forced through a narrow space during breathing. This sound can occur during both inspiration and expiration. Wheezing is commonly associated with conditions such as asthma, where the airways become narrowed and inflamed, causing difficulty in breathing. It is a characteristic symptom of asthma, but can also be present in other respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or bronchitis.

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4.

Protein made by white blood cells in response to foreign substances (antigens) in the blood.
- A.
  
  Antigen
- B.
  
  Heparin
- C.
  
  Antibody
- D.
  
  Protein
Correct Answer
C. Antibody

Explanation
Antibodies are proteins produced by white blood cells in response to foreign substances (antigens) in the blood. They play a crucial role in the immune system by identifying and neutralizing these antigens, such as bacteria or viruses. Antibodies bind to specific antigens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells or by activating other immune responses. This immune response helps protect the body from harmful invaders and plays a vital role in fighting infections and diseases.

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5.

Foreign agent that stimulates the production of an antibody.
- A.
  
  Antibody
- B.
  
  Antigen
- C.
  
  Palliative
- D.
  
  Heparin
Correct Answer
B. Antigen

Explanation
An antigen is a foreign agent that stimulates the production of an antibody. This means that when an antigen enters the body, it triggers the immune system to produce antibodies in order to defend against the foreign invader. Antibodies are proteins that specifically target and neutralize antigens, helping to protect the body from infections and diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is antigen.

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6.

Orange-yellow pigment found in bile. It is released from the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die.
- A.
  
  Bilirubin
- B.
  
  Erythrocyte
- C.
  
  Hematocrit
- D.
  
  Leukemia
Correct Answer
A. Bilirubin

Explanation
Bilirubin is the correct answer because it is an orange-yellow pigment found in bile. It is produced when red blood cells break down, specifically when hemoglobin is broken down. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. When red blood cells die, bilirubin is released and eventually processed by the liver and excreted in bile.

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7.

Blood cells or whole blood from a closely match donor are infused into a patient.
- A.
  
  Erythrocyte
- B.
  
  Plasma
- C.
  
  Leukemia
- D.
  
  Blood transfusion
Correct Answer
D. Blood transfusion

Explanation
In a blood transfusion, blood cells or whole blood from a closely matched donor are infused into a patient. This procedure is commonly performed to replace blood loss, treat certain medical conditions, or improve oxygen delivery to tissues. It can help replenish red blood cells (erythrocytes) and plasma in the recipient's bloodstream. The term "leukemia" refers to a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, while "plasma" is the liquid component of blood. Therefore, the correct answer is "blood transfusion."

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8.

Determination of the number of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell indices (MCH, MCV, MCHC) in a sample of blood.
- A.
  
  Complete blood count
- B.
  
  Hematology
- C.
  
  Coagulation
- D.
  
  Blood transfusion
Correct Answer
A. Complete blood count

Explanation
A complete blood count is a test that measures the different components of blood, including the number of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell indices (MCH, MCV, MCHC). This test is commonly used in hematology to evaluate the overall health of a person's blood and to diagnose various blood disorders or conditions. It provides important information about the body's immune system, oxygen-carrying capacity, and ability to form blood clots. The other options, hematology, coagulation, and blood transfusion, are related to specific aspects of blood analysis or treatment, but do not encompass the comprehensive evaluation provided by a complete blood count.

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9.

Process of blood clotting.
- A.
  
  Coagulation time test
- B.
  
  Coagulation
- C.
  
  Coagulopathy
- D.
  
  Differentiation
Correct Answer
B. Coagulation

Explanation
Coagulation refers to the process of blood clotting. It is a complex series of events that involves the activation of various proteins and platelets to form a clot, which helps in stopping bleeding. The coagulation time test is a diagnostic test that measures the time taken for blood to clot. Coagulopathy, on the other hand, refers to a disorder or condition where the blood's ability to clot is impaired. Differentiation, in this context, is unrelated to blood clotting and refers to the process of distinguishing or identifying different types or forms of something.

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10.

Red blood cells
- A.
  
  Erythrocyte
- B.
  
  Melanocyte
- C.
  
  Leukocyte
- D.
  
  Erithrocyte
Correct Answer
A. Erythrocyte

Explanation
The correct answer is erythrocyte. Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and allows for its transportation. Erythrocytes lack a nucleus and other organelles, allowing for more space to carry hemoglobin. This specialization enables them to efficiently perform their main function of oxygen transport. Melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin, which gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. Leukocytes are white blood cells involved in the immune response. Erithrocyte is a misspelling of erythrocyte.

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11.

Percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood.
- A.
  
  Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- B.
  
  Differentiation
- C.
  
  Hematocrit
- D.
  
  Complete blood count
Correct Answer
C. Hematocrit

Explanation
Hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood. It is used to evaluate the blood's ability to deliver oxygen to the body's tissues. A higher hematocrit level indicates a higher concentration of red blood cells, which can be an indication of conditions such as dehydration or polycythemia. Conversely, a lower hematocrit level may suggest anemia or blood loss. Therefore, hematocrit is an important component of a complete blood count, which is a routine blood test that provides valuable information about a person's overall health and blood status.

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12.

Study of blood
- A.
  
  Hepatology
- B.
  
  Hematology
- C.
  
  Erythrotology
- D.
  
  Blood trandfusion
Correct Answer
B. Hematology

Explanation
Hematology is the study of blood, including its formation, diseases, and disorders. It focuses on the components of blood, such as red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma, as well as their functions and interactions within the body. Hematology also involves the diagnosis and treatment of blood-related conditions, such as anemia, leukemia, and clotting disorders. Therefore, hematology is the correct answer as it specifically relates to the study of blood.

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13.

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells.
- A.
  
  Hemolysis
- B.
  
  Hemoglobin
- C.
  
  Plasma
- D.
  
  Hemophilia
Correct Answer
B. Hemoglobin

Explanation
Hemoglobin is the correct answer because it is a blood protein that contains iron and is responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. Hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to the body's tissues, ensuring that oxygen is delivered to all cells. It is a crucial component of the respiratory system and plays a vital role in maintaining normal bodily functions.

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14.

Hereditary disease of blood clotting failure with abnormal bleeding. Affected individuals are lacking a blood clotting factor (factor VIII or factor IX).
- A.
  
  Hemophilia
- B.
  
  Hyperkalemia
- C.
  
  Leukemia
- D.
  
  Mononucleosis
Correct Answer
A. HemopHilia

Explanation
Hemophilia is a hereditary disease characterized by the failure of blood clotting and abnormal bleeding. It is caused by the lack of a blood clotting factor, either factor VIII or factor IX. This deficiency impairs the blood's ability to clot properly, leading to prolonged bleeding episodes even from minor injuries. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that primarily affects males, as the faulty gene is located on the X chromosome. It can result in severe bleeding complications, both internally and externally, and requires lifelong management and treatment.

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15.

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissues.
- A.
  
  Heparin
- B.
  
  Hemostasis
- C.
  
  Hemoglobin
- D.
  
  Immunoglobin
Correct Answer
A. Heparin

Explanation
Heparin is an anticoagulant that is naturally found in blood and tissues. It helps to prevent blood clotting by inhibiting the activity of certain clotting factors. Heparin is commonly used in medical settings to prevent and treat blood clots. It is administered through injection and is effective in preventing the formation of new blood clots and the growth of existing ones. Heparin is not produced by the body, but it is derived from animal sources, such as pigs.

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16.

An abnormally high concentration of potassium in the blood.
- A.
  
  Leukemia
- B.
  
  Mononucleosis
- C.
  
  Hyperkalemia
- D.
  
  Hematopoiesis
Correct Answer
C. Hyperkalemia

Explanation
Hyperkalemia refers to an abnormally high concentration of potassium in the blood. This condition can occur due to various reasons, such as kidney problems, certain medications, or excessive intake of potassium-rich foods. The elevated levels of potassium can disrupt the normal functioning of the heart and other organs, leading to symptoms like muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, and even cardiac arrest. Prompt treatment is necessary to lower potassium levels and prevent complications. Leukemia, mononucleosis, and hematopoiesis are unrelated conditions and do not involve abnormal potassium levels.

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17.

Latin phrase meaning "within the living body."
- A.
  
  In vitro
- B.
  
  In vivo
- C.
  
  Homeostasis
- D.
  
  Palliative
Correct Answer
B. In vivo

Explanation
The Latin phrase "in vivo" means "within the living body." This term is used to describe experiments or observations conducted within a living organism, as opposed to "in vitro," which refers to experiments conducted outside of a living organism, usually in a laboratory setting. "In vivo" studies are important for understanding how biological processes occur and how they may be affected by various factors.

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18.

A progressive malignant disease of blood-forming organs characterized by the replacement of bone marrow with proliferating leukocytes and their precursors;
- A.
  
  Leukocyte
- B.
  
  Leukemia
- C.
  
  Sickle cell anemia
- D.
  
  Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer
B. Leukemia

Explanation
Leukemia is a progressive malignant disease of blood-forming organs, specifically the bone marrow, where it is replaced with rapidly multiplying leukocytes and their precursors. Leukemia is characterized by the abnormal production of white blood cells, which can crowd out normal blood cells and impair the body's ability to fight infections. This explanation accurately describes the characteristics and nature of leukemia.

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19.

White blood cell.
- A.
  
  Leukocyte
- B.
  
  Melanocyte
- C.
  
  Erythrocyte
- D.
  
  Monocyte
Correct Answer
A. Leukocyte

Explanation
A leukocyte is a type of white blood cell. White blood cells are an essential part of the immune system and are responsible for defending the body against infections and foreign substances. Leukocytes are produced in the bone marrow and can be further classified into different types, including monocytes. However, in this case, the correct answer specifically refers to leukocytes as a whole, which encompasses various types of white blood cells.

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20.

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.
- A.
  
  Sickle cell anemia
- B.
  
  Mononucleosis
- C.
  
  Pernicious anemia
- D.
  
  Polycythemia vera
Correct Answer
B. Mononucleosis

Explanation
Mononucleosis is an infectious disease characterized by an increased number of leukocytes (white blood cells) and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. This condition is commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and is typically transmitted through saliva. Symptoms of mononucleosis include fatigue, sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Sickle cell anemia, pernicious anemia, and polycythemia vera are unrelated conditions and do not present with the same symptoms as mononucleosis.

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21.

Relieving, but not curing illness.
- A.
  
  Relapse
- B.
  
  Purpura
- C.
  
  Petechiae
- D.
  
  Palliative
Correct Answer
D. Palliative

Explanation
Palliative refers to a type of medical care that focuses on providing relief from symptoms and improving the quality of life for patients with serious illnesses. It aims to alleviate pain and discomfort, but it does not aim to cure the underlying illness. Therefore, the given statement "Relieving, but not curing illness" accurately describes palliative care.

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22.

Liquid portion of blood containing proteins, water, salts, nutrients, hormones and vitamins.
- A.
  
  Neutrophil
- B.
  
  Plasma
- C.
  
  Eosinophil
- D.
  
  Basophil
Correct Answer
B. Plasma

Explanation
Plasma is the correct answer because it is the liquid portion of blood that contains various components such as proteins, water, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins. It plays a crucial role in transporting these substances throughout the body and maintaining the balance of electrolytes. Plasma also helps in clotting, immune response, and regulating body temperature.

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23.

Hereditary condition marked by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis.
- A.
  
  Thalassemia
- B.
  
  Sickle cell anemia
- C.
  
  Pernicious anemia
- D.
  
  Anemia
Correct Answer
B. Sickle cell anemia

Explanation
Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary condition characterized by the abnormal sickle shape of red blood cells and the breakdown of these cells. This condition leads to a reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, causing symptoms such as fatigue, pain, and organ damage. Thalassemia is another hereditary blood disorder, but it is characterized by abnormal production of hemoglobin rather than the shape of red blood cells. Pernicious anemia is a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12, and anemia is a general term for a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels.

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24.

Formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen.
- A.
  
  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- B.
  
  Anaphylaxis
- C.
  
  Acquired immunity
- D.
  
  Cell-mediated immunity
Correct Answer
C. Acquired immunity

Explanation
Acquired immunity refers to the immune response that occurs after exposure to an antigen. This response involves the production of antibodies and the activation of lymphocytes, which are specialized white blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune system. These antibodies and lymphocytes are specific to the antigen encountered, allowing the immune system to recognize and respond more effectively to future exposures. Acquired immunity is a key component of the body's defense against pathogens and is responsible for long-term protection against diseases.

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25.

Depression or suppression of the immune system after exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); marked by opportunisic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems.
- A.
  
  Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- B.
  
  Aquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- C.
  
  Acquired autoimmune deficiency syndrome
- D.
  
  Autoimmune deficiency syndrome
Correct Answer
A. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Explanation
The given description describes the condition of depression or suppression of the immune system after exposure to HIV, which is commonly known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This condition is characterized by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems.

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26.

Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen (allergen).
- A.
  
  Allergen
- B.
  
  Antibody
- C.
  
  Allergy
- D.
  
  Atopy
Correct Answer
C. Allergy

Explanation
Allergy is the correct answer because it refers to an abnormal hypersensitivity that is acquired by exposure to an antigen, also known as an allergen. Allergens can trigger an immune response in certain individuals, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and inflammation. This immune response involves the production of antibodies specific to the allergen, which can cause allergic reactions upon subsequent exposures. Atopy is a term used to describe a genetic predisposition to developing allergies, but it is not the best answer in this case as it does not encompass the acquired nature of the hypersensitivity.

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27.

Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance.
- A.
  
  Atopy
- B.
  
  Anaphylaxis
- C.
  
  Allergy
- D.
  
  Allergen
Correct Answer
B. AnapHylaxis

Explanation
Anaphylaxis is the correct answer because it refers to an exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity reaction to a foreign protein or substance. It is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can cause symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling, hives, and low blood pressure. Anaphylaxis can occur in response to various allergens, such as certain foods, medications, insect stings, or latex.

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28.

Chronic disabling disease caused by the abnormal production of antibodies to normal body tissues; multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus are examples.
- A.
  
  Autoimmune disease
- B.
  
  Lymphedema
- C.
  
  Immune disease
- D.
  
  Anaphylaxis
Correct Answer
A. Autoimmune disease

Explanation
An autoimmune disease is a chronic disabling disease caused by the abnormal production of antibodies to normal body tissues. This means that the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages healthy cells and tissues in the body. Examples of autoimmune diseases include multiple sclerosis and lupus erythematosus.

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29.

Abnormal condition characterized by an exaggerated response of the immune system to an antigen.
- A.
  
  Hypersensitivity
- B.
  
  Hypersplenism
- C.
  
  Immune response
- D.
  
  Interferons
Correct Answer
A. Hypersensitivity

Explanation
Hypersensitivity is an appropriate answer because it refers to an abnormal condition where the immune system reacts excessively to an antigen. This exaggerated immune response can result in various symptoms and complications. The other options, hypersplenism, immune response, and interferons, do not specifically describe an exaggerated immune response to an antigen.

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30.

Blocking or turning off the normal immune response.
- A.
  
  Immunotherapy
- B.
  
  Interleukins
- C.
  
  Immunosuppression
- D.
  
  Homeostasis
Correct Answer
C. Immunosuppression

Explanation
Immunosuppression refers to the blocking or turning off of the normal immune response. It is a process used in immunotherapy to prevent the immune system from attacking healthy cells or tissues. This can be beneficial in certain situations such as organ transplantation or autoimmune diseases where the immune system is overactive. Immunosuppressive drugs or therapies are used to achieve this state of immunosuppression, allowing for better control of immune reactions and maintaining homeostasis within the body.

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31.

Fluid that fills the spaces in between cells.
- A.
  
  Amniotic fluid
- B.
  
  Cerebral fluid
- C.
  
  Interstitial fluid
- D.
  
  Interstitual fluid
Correct Answer
C. Interstitial fluid

Explanation
The correct answer is interstitial fluid. Interstitial fluid is the fluid that fills the spaces between cells in the body. It provides a medium for the exchange of nutrients, waste products, and signaling molecules between cells and blood vessels. It also helps maintain the balance of electrolytes and other substances in the body. Amniotic fluid is the fluid that surrounds and protects the fetus during pregnancy. Cerebral fluid, also known as cerebrospinal fluid, is the fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord. "Interstitual fluid" is misspelled and not a valid term.

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32.

Fluid that circulates within lymph vessels and lymph nodes.
- A.
  
  Lymph
- B.
  
  Interstitial fluid
- C.
  
  Plasma cell
- D.
  
  T cell
Correct Answer
A. LympH

Explanation
Lymph is the fluid that circulates within lymph vessels and lymph nodes. It is a clear, colorless fluid that is derived from interstitial fluid, which is the fluid that surrounds the cells in the body. Lymph plays an important role in the immune system, as it carries lymphocytes, such as T cells and plasma cells, which are crucial for fighting off infections and diseases. Lymph also helps to remove waste products, toxins, and other harmful substances from the body.

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33.

Abnormal collection of fluid in tissue spaces caused by obstruction of lymph vessels and backflow of lymph.
- A.
  
  Lymphocytopenia
- B.
  
  Lymphocytosis
- C.
  
  Lymphedema
- D.
  
  Lymphoma
Correct Answer
C. LympHedema

Explanation
Lymphedema is the correct answer because it refers to the abnormal collection of fluid in tissue spaces caused by obstruction of lymph vessels and backflow of lymph. Lymphocytopenia refers to a low number of lymphocytes, lymphocytosis refers to a high number of lymphocytes, and lymphoma refers to cancer of the lymphatic system.

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34.

Removal of the spleen.
- A.
  
  Spleenectomy
- B.
  
  Splenotomy
- C.
  
  Splenectomy
- D.
  
  Spleenotomy
Correct Answer
C. Splenectomy

Explanation
Splenectomy refers to the surgical removal of the spleen. This procedure is performed for various reasons, such as treating certain blood disorders, removing tumors or cysts, or managing trauma to the spleen. It is a major surgical procedure that requires careful consideration of the risks and benefits. Splenotomy, on the other hand, refers to an incision made in the spleen without removing the entire organ. Therefore, the correct answer is splenectomy because it accurately describes the removal of the spleen.

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35.

Enlargement of the spleen.
- A.
  
  Splenomegaly
- B.
  
  Acromegaly
- C.
  
  Spleenomegaly
- D.
  
  Splenomeggaly
Correct Answer
A. Splenomegaly

Explanation
Splenomegaly refers to the enlargement of the spleen, which can occur due to various reasons such as infections, liver disease, or certain blood disorders. This condition can cause symptoms like abdominal pain, fatigue, and anemia. Acromegaly, on the other hand, is a hormonal disorder that causes excessive growth in the bones and tissues. Spleenomegaly and spleenomeggaly are not recognized medical terms. Therefore, the correct answer is splenomegaly.

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36.

Pertaining to a toxin, which is a poison or harmful substance.
- A.
  
  Toxin
- B.
  
  Toxic
- C.
  
  Antibody
- D.
  
  Antigen
Correct Answer
B. Toxic

Explanation
The term "toxic" refers to something that is poisonous or harmful. In the context of the question, it is mentioned that the term pertains to a toxin, which is a poison or harmful substance. Therefore, "toxic" is the correct answer as it directly relates to the definition given in the question.

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37.

Poison or harmful substance.
- A.
  
  Toxins
- B.
  
  Toxic
- C.
  
  Poisonous
- D.
  
  Toxicosis
Correct Answer
A. Toxins

Explanation
The correct answer is "toxins" because toxins are substances that are harmful or poisonous to living organisms. They can cause various adverse effects on the body, ranging from mild irritation to severe illness or even death. The other options, toxic, poisonous, and toxicosis, are related terms that describe the state or condition of being affected by toxins.

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38.

Weakened or dead antigens to induce antibody production.
- A.
  
  Vaccination
- B.
  
  Shot
- C.
  
  Injection
- D.
  
  Vaccine
Correct Answer
D. Vaccine

Explanation
A vaccine is a substance that contains weakened or dead antigens, which are harmful substances or organisms that can cause disease. When a vaccine is injected into the body, it stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies, which are proteins that can recognize and neutralize these antigens. This helps to build immunity and protect against future infections. Vaccination is the process of administering a vaccine, usually through a shot or injection. Therefore, the correct answer is vaccine.

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39.

Examination of the interior of a joint by insertion of an arthroscope through an incision.
- A.
  
  Arthrotomy
- B.
  
  Ankylosis
- C.
  
  Arthroscopy
- D.
  
  Articulation
Correct Answer
C. Arthroscopy

Explanation
Arthroscopy is the correct answer because it involves examining the interior of a joint by inserting an arthroscope through an incision. This procedure allows for a minimally invasive way to visualize and diagnose joint conditions, such as cartilage damage or inflammation. It is commonly used in orthopedic surgeries to guide surgical interventions or to simply observe the joint for diagnostic purposes. Arthroscopy offers several advantages over traditional open surgery, including smaller incisions, less pain, faster recovery, and reduced risk of complications.

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40.

Wasting away (lack of development) of a normally developed organ or tissue (especially muscle).
- A.
  
  Atophy
- B.
  
  Atrophy
- C.
  
  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- D.
  
  Arthrodesis
Correct Answer
B. AtropHy

Explanation
Atrophy refers to the wasting away or lack of development of a normally developed organ or tissue, particularly muscle. This condition can occur due to various factors such as disuse, lack of nutrition, aging, or certain medical conditions. Atrophy can result in a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and function. It is important to identify and address the underlying cause of atrophy to prevent further deterioration and promote tissue regeneration.

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41.

Inflammation of a bursa surrounding a joint.
- A.
  
  Bursa
- B.
  
  Arthritis
- C.
  
  Bursaeitis
- D.
  
  Bursitis
Correct Answer
D. Bursitis

Explanation
Bursitis refers to the inflammation of a bursa, which is a small fluid-filled sac that helps to reduce friction between bones, tendons, and muscles near joints. This inflammation can cause pain, swelling, and limited movement in the affected joint. Arthritis, on the other hand, refers to the inflammation of a joint itself, not specifically the bursa surrounding it. Bursaeitis is not a recognized medical term, making it an incorrect option. Therefore, bursitis is the correct answer for the given question.

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42.

A fracture in which the broken end of the bone has protruded through the skin. Also called open fracture.
- A.
  
  Comminuted fracture
- B.
  
  Compound fracture
- C.
  
  Greenstick fracture
- D.
  
  Colles fracture
Correct Answer
B. Compound fracture

Explanation
A compound fracture is a type of fracture where the broken end of the bone has pierced through the skin. This is also known as an open fracture. In this type of fracture, there is an increased risk of infection as the bone is exposed to the external environment. Prompt medical attention is necessary to clean the wound, realign the bone, and prevent further complications.

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43.

Crackling sound produced when ends of bone rub against each other or against roughened cartilage.
- A.
  
  Crepitus
- B.
  
  Exostosis
- C.
  
  Fossa
- D.
  
  Crepitis
Correct Answer
A. Crepitus

Explanation
Crepitus is the correct answer because it refers to the crackling sound that is produced when the ends of a bone rub against each other or against roughened cartilage. This sound is often associated with joint conditions such as arthritis or injury, and can be a symptom of underlying joint damage or inflammation.

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44.

Loss or removal of calcium from bones or teeth.
- A.
  
  Calciectomy
- B.
  
  Orthectomy
- C.
  
  Decalcification
- D.
  
  Ischial
Correct Answer
C. Decalcification

Explanation
Decalcification refers to the loss or removal of calcium from bones or teeth. This process can weaken the structure of bones and teeth, making them more susceptible to fractures or decay. It can be caused by various factors such as aging, hormonal changes, poor nutrition, or certain medical conditions. Decalcification can lead to conditions like osteoporosis or dental cavities.

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45.

Pert. to femur
- A.
  
  Femural
- B.
  
  Femoral
- C.
  
  Femoril
- D.
  
  Fimoral
Correct Answer
B. Femoral

Explanation
The correct answer is "femoral." This term refers to something related to the femur, which is the thigh bone. It is commonly used in medical terminology to describe structures or conditions associated with the femur. The other options provided, such as "femural," "femoril," and "fimoral," are not valid terms and do not accurately describe anything pertaining to the femur.

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46.

Surgical removal of the posterior portion of a vertebra to relieve pressure on a spinal nerve or spinal cord from a displaced intervertebral disk.
- A.
  
  Metacarpectomy
- B.
  
  Osteodystrophy
- C.
  
  Laminectomy
- D.
  
  Laminotomy
Correct Answer
C. Laminectomy

Explanation
Laminectomy is the correct answer because it involves the surgical removal of the posterior portion of a vertebra to relieve pressure on a spinal nerve or spinal cord from a displaced intervertebral disk. This procedure is commonly performed to treat conditions such as spinal stenosis or herniated discs. It helps to alleviate pain and improve mobility by creating more space for the nerves and spinal cord.

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47.

Group of inherited disorders marked by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers.
- A.
  
  Osteodystrophy
- B.
  
  Myopathy
- C.
  
  Muscular dystrophy
- D.
  
  Rheumatoid arthritis
Correct Answer
C. Muscular dystropHy

Explanation
Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers. This condition leads to the deterioration of muscle strength and function over time. It is caused by mutations in specific genes that are involved in the production of proteins necessary for muscle structure and function. Symptoms typically appear in childhood and may include muscle weakness, difficulty walking, and loss of muscle mass. There is currently no cure for muscular dystrophy, but treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

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48.

Inflammation of bones and joints with degeneration of cartilage in the joint space.
- A.
  
  Osteoarthritis
- B.
  
  Polymyositis
- C.
  
  Rheumatoid arthritis
- D.
  
  Synovitis
Correct Answer
A. Osteoarthritis

Explanation
Osteoarthritis is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by inflammation of bones and joints with degeneration of cartilage in the joint space. This condition primarily affects the elderly and is commonly caused by wear and tear over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility in the affected joints. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease, osteoarthritis is not caused by an immune system dysfunction. Polymyositis refers to inflammation of multiple muscles, while synovitis refers to inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the joints.

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49.

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow.
- A.
  
  Ostemylitis
- B.
  
  Osteomyelitis
- C.
  
  Osteoarthritis
- D.
  
  Arthritis
Correct Answer
B. Osteomyelitis

Explanation
Osteomyelitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of bone and bone marrow. This condition is usually caused by an infection, commonly by bacteria, that spreads to the bone. It can lead to pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area, and if left untreated, it can cause bone destruction and other complications. Osteomyelitis is different from osteoarthritis and arthritis, which involve inflammation of the joints rather than the bone itself.

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50.

Abnormal condition of increased loss of bony tissue. Bones become thin, weak, brittle, and break easily.
- A.
  
  Osteoporosis
- B.
  
  Osteoarthritis
- C.
  
  Osteomyelitis
- D.
  
  Rheumatitis
Correct Answer
A. Osteoporosis

Explanation
Osteoporosis is an abnormal condition characterized by increased loss of bony tissue. This condition causes bones to become thin, weak, brittle, and prone to fractures. Osteoporosis is different from osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, and rheumatitis, which are conditions that affect the joints or the inflammation of bone or joint tissues. Osteoporosis specifically refers to the loss of bone density and strength, making it the correct answer in this case.

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Med Term Final Exam, Chabner Part 2

New opening of the trachea to outside of the body.

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lungs are usually involved but other organs may be affected.

Continuous high-pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration.

Protein made by white blood cells in response to foreign substances (antigens) in the blood.

Foreign agent that stimulates the production of an antibody.

Orange-yellow pigment found in bile. It is released from the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells die.

Blood cells or whole blood from a closely match donor are infused into a patient.

Determination of the number of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell indices (MCH, MCV, MCHC) in a sample of blood.

Process of blood clotting.

Red blood cells

Percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood.

Study of blood

Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells.

Hereditary disease of blood clotting failure with abnormal bleeding. Affected individuals are lacking a blood clotting factor (factor VIII or factor IX).

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissues.

An abnormally high concentration of potassium in the blood.

Latin phrase meaning "within the living body."

A progressive malignant disease of blood-forming organs characterized by the replacement of bone marrow with proliferating leukocytes and their precursors;

White blood cell.

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.

Relieving, but not curing illness.

Liquid portion of blood containing proteins, water, salts, nutrients, hormones and vitamins.

Hereditary condition marked by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis.

Formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen.

Depression or suppression of the immune system after exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); marked by opportunisic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems.

Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen (allergen).

Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance.

Chronic disabling disease caused by the abnormal production of antibodies to normal body tissues; multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus are examples.

Abnormal condition characterized by an exaggerated response of the immune system to an antigen.

Blocking or turning off the normal immune response.

Fluid that fills the spaces in between cells.

Fluid that circulates within lymph vessels and lymph nodes.

Abnormal collection of fluid in tissue spaces caused by obstruction of lymph vessels and backflow of lymph.

Removal of the spleen.

Enlargement of the spleen.

Pertaining to a toxin, which is a poison or harmful substance.

Poison or harmful substance.

Weakened or dead antigens to induce antibody production.

Examination of the interior of a joint by insertion of an arthroscope through an incision.

Wasting away (lack of development) of a normally developed organ or tissue (especially muscle).

Inflammation of a bursa surrounding a joint.

A fracture in which the broken end of the bone has protruded through the skin. Also called open fracture.

Crackling sound produced when ends of bone rub against each other or against roughened cartilage.

Loss or removal of calcium from bones or teeth.

Pert. to femur

Surgical removal of the posterior portion of a vertebra to relieve pressure on a spinal nerve or spinal cord from a displaced intervertebral disk.

Group of inherited disorders marked by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers.

Inflammation of bones and joints with degeneration of cartilage in the joint space.

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow.

Abnormal condition of increased loss of bony tissue. Bones become thin, weak, brittle, and break easily.