1.
Prefix: brady-
Correct Answer
C. Slow
Explanation
The prefix "brady-" means slow. Therefore, the word "slow" is the correct answer as it matches the meaning of the prefix.
2.
Prefix: endo-
Correct Answer
D. Within
Explanation
The prefix "endo-" means "within" or "inside." Therefore, the correct answer, "within," is the most appropriate choice as it aligns with the meaning of the prefix. The other options, "together," "joined," and "without," do not accurately represent the meaning of the prefix "endo-."
3.
Prefix: intra-
Correct Answer
A. Within
Explanation
The prefix "intra-" means within.
4.
Prefix: para- (multiple answers)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Beside
B. Beyond
C. Around
Explanation
The prefix "para-" can have multiple meanings, including "beside," "beyond," and "around." These meanings suggest that the word formed with this prefix is related to being next to something, surpassing limits, or encompassing a certain area. Therefore, the correct answer options "beside," "beyond," and "around" accurately represent the different possible meanings of the prefix "para-."
5.
Prefix: dys- (multiple answers)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Difficult
B. Labored
C. Painful
D. Abnormal
Explanation
The prefix "dys-" is used to indicate something that is not functioning properly or is abnormal. In this case, all of the given words - difficult, labored, painful, and abnormal - can be formed by adding the prefix "dys-". They all describe something that is not normal or is experiencing some kind of dysfunction.
6.
Suffix: -osis
Correct Answer
B. Abnormal condition
Explanation
The suffix "-osis" is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate a condition or state. In this case, the word "abnormal" is a noun that describes a condition that deviates from the normal or expected state. Therefore, the correct answer is "abnormal condition" because it accurately reflects the meaning of the suffix "-osis" in medical terminology.
7.
Suffix: -ac, -ous, -ar, -ic, -ial -ior, -eal, -ary, -al
Correct Answer
C. Pertaining to
Explanation
The suffix "-al" is used to form an adjective that means "pertaining to." In this case, the word "labor" is a noun, and when the suffix "-al" is added to it, it becomes "laboral," which means "pertaining to labor." Therefore, the correct answer is "pertaining to."
8.
Suffix: -oma (multiple answers)
Correct Answer(s)
C. Tumor
D. Swelling
Explanation
The suffix -oma is commonly used in medical terminology to denote a tumor or swelling. In this case, both "tumor" and "swelling" fit the pattern of the suffix -oma. Therefore, both words can be considered correct answers.
9.
Suffix: -iasis, -esis
Correct Answer
D. Condition
Explanation
The suffix "-iasis" is used to indicate a pathological condition or disease, while the suffix "-esis" is used to indicate a process or action. Among the given options, only "condition" fits the definition of a pathological condition. Therefore, the correct answer is "condition".
10.
Suffix: -ptosis
Correct Answer(s)
A. Drooping
B. Prolapse
D. Sagging
Explanation
The suffix "-ptosis" refers to the condition of drooping or sagging. Therefore, the words "drooping," "prolapse," and "sagging" all correctly match the meaning of the suffix.
11.
Combining Form for: breathe, breathing
Correct Answer
A. Spir/o
Explanation
The combining form "spir/o" is the correct answer because it specifically relates to the action of breathing. The word "spir/o" is derived from the Latin word "spiritus," meaning breath or spirit. Therefore, when combined with other word parts, it can form terms related to respiration, such as "spirometer" (a device used to measure lung capacity) or "inspiration" (the act of inhaling). The other options, "aponeur/o," "par/o," and "vesic/o," do not have a direct association with breathing and are not commonly used in respiratory terminology.
12.
Combining Form for: bone marrow
Correct Answer
B. Myel/o
Explanation
The combining form "myel/o" is the correct answer for the term "bone marrow". "Myel/o" specifically refers to the bone marrow, which is the soft tissue found inside bones that produces blood cells. The other combining forms listed (mamm/o, mast/o, poster/o) do not pertain to bone marrow.
13.
Combining Form for: hidden
Correct Answer
D. Crypt/o
Explanation
The combining form "crypt/o" is the correct answer because it means hidden or concealed. This is evident from the given options "humer/o" which means humerus (bone in the upper arm), "kyph/o" which means hump or hunchback, and "atel/o" which means incomplete or imperfect. None of these options relate to the meaning of hidden, making "crypt/o" the correct choice.
14.
Combining Form for: common bile duct
Correct Answer
A. Choledoch/o
Explanation
The combining form "choledoch/o" refers to the common bile duct. This term is derived from the Greek word "choledochos," which means "bile duct." By adding the combining form "-o," it creates the term "choledoch/o," which specifically indicates the common bile duct. The other combining forms listed, "aur/i," "puerper/o," and "aur/o," do not relate to the common bile duct and are therefore not the correct answer.
15.
Combining Form for: cell
Correct Answer
C. Cyt/o
Explanation
The combining form "cyt/o" is the correct answer because it refers to cells. The other combining forms listed - "chrom/o" refers to color, "necr/o" refers to death, and "myring/o" refers to the eardrum - do not relate to cells. Therefore, "cyt/o" is the only option that is relevant to the term "cell".
16.
Prefix: tetra-, quadri-
Correct Answer
D. Four
Explanation
The prefix "tetra-" and "quadri-" both mean "four." Therefore, the correct answer is "four."
17.
Suffix: -stenosis (multiple answers)
Correct Answer(s)
B. Constriction
D. Narrowing
Explanation
The suffix "-stenosis" is used to indicate a narrowing or constriction of a particular body part or passage. In medical terminology, it is commonly used to describe conditions where a blood vessel, organ, or other structure becomes abnormally narrow. Therefore, both "constriction" and "narrowing" accurately describe the meaning of the suffix "-stenosis" and can be considered correct answers. "Control" and "stop" do not accurately convey the meaning of the suffix and are therefore incorrect answers.
18.
, medCombining Form for: potassium
Correct Answer
A. Kal/i
Explanation
The correct answer is "kal/i". This is the combining form for potassium. The other options, "oophor/o", "rect/o", and "later/o", do not relate to potassium.
19.
Prefix: pan-, ante-, pre-
Correct Answer
B. Before
Explanation
The prefix "pre-" means before. In this case, the word "normal" is being modified by the prefix "pre-", indicating that something happened or existed before it became normal.
20.
Suffix: -asthenia
Correct Answer
C. Weakness
Explanation
The suffix "-asthenia" is used to indicate weakness. It is commonly used in medical terminology to describe conditions or symptoms characterized by a lack of strength or energy. Therefore, the word "weakness" is the correct answer as it directly relates to the meaning of the suffix "-asthenia".
21.
A body defense method to prevent movement of an injured part
Correct Answer
C. Gaurding
Explanation
The correct answer is "gaurding." This word is the correct spelling of "guarding," which refers to a body defense method used to prevent movement of an injured part. It implies protecting the injured area from further harm or damage by limiting its movement.
22.
An abnormal sound heard on chest auscultation that is casued by an obstructed airway
Correct Answer
B. Rhonchus
Explanation
A rhonchus is an abnormal sound heard on chest auscultation that is caused by an obstructed airway. It is typically a low-pitched, continuous sound that is heard during inspiration or expiration. This sound can be caused by mucus or secretions in the airway, narrowing of the airway, or inflammation in the lungs. It is commonly heard in conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
23.
An abnormal rhythm of the heart
Correct Answer
D. Gallop
Explanation
A gallop is an abnormal rhythm of the heart characterized by an extra heart sound. It is often described as a "gallop" because it sounds like the hoofbeats of a galloping horse. This abnormal rhythm can be indicative of various heart conditions, such as heart failure or myocardial infarction. Therefore, the correct answer is gallop.
24.
An enlargement of the thyorid gland
Correct Answer
C. Thyromegaly
Explanation
The term "thyromegaly" refers to the enlargement of the thyroid gland. The other options mentioned, "hepatosplenomegaly" and "hepatosplenmegaly," are unrelated to the thyroid gland and refer to the enlargement of the liver and spleen. The option "thyramegaly" is not a recognized medical term. Therefore, "thyromegaly" is the correct answer as it accurately describes the enlargement of the thyroid gland.
25.
A knot or knot-like mass
Correct Answer
A. Ganglion
Explanation
A ganglion is a knot or knot-like mass that can develop on joints or tendons, usually in the hands or feet. It is a noncancerous growth filled with fluid, and its exact cause is unknown. Ganglions can vary in size and may or may not cause pain or discomfort. Treatment options include observation, aspiration (draining the fluid), or surgical removal if necessary.
26.
A reversed response occuring on withdrawl of a stimulus
Correct Answer
B. Rebound
Explanation
Rebound refers to a reversed response occurring upon withdrawal of a stimulus. This means that when the stimulus is removed, there is a sudden and opposite reaction or response. The other options, reband, evert, and revert, do not accurately describe this concept.
27.
A small nodule, tumor, or growth
Correct Answer
C. Granuloma
Explanation
A granuloma is a small nodule, tumor, or growth that forms in the body as a result of inflammation. It is typically composed of immune cells and fibrous tissue. In this context, the term "granuloma" is the correct answer as it best describes the given description of a small nodule or growth. The other options, such as "buccal" and "bucca," are related to the mouth or cheek area and do not accurately match the given description. Similarly, "granduloma" is not a recognized medical term and is likely a misspelling of "granuloma."
28.
A small, soft structure hanging from the free edge of the soft palate
Correct Answer
D. Uvula
Explanation
The correct answer is "uvula." The uvula is a small, soft structure that hangs from the free edge of the soft palate. It is located at the back of the throat and plays a role in speech and swallowing.
29.
A small, tounge-shaped anatomic structure
Correct Answer
A. Lingula
Explanation
A small, tongue-shaped anatomical structure is called a lingula.
30.
A sound or murmur heard on auscultation
Correct Answer
A. Bruit
Explanation
A bruit is a sound or murmur that can be heard on auscultation. It is a vascular sound that is caused by turbulent blood flow in an artery or vein. This sound can be indicative of an underlying vascular condition such as atherosclerosis or aneurysm. Palpitation refers to an abnormal awareness of the heartbeat, while palpation is the act of examining a patient by touch. Brut is not a medical term and does not relate to the given context.
31.
A spasm of the orbicular muscle of the eyelid
Correct Answer
B. BlepHarospasm
Explanation
Blepharospasm is a condition characterized by involuntary spasms of the orbicular muscle of the eyelid. This causes the eyelid to close tightly and uncontrollably, leading to difficulty in opening the eyes. Hyperlipidemia, on the other hand, refers to high levels of lipids (fats) in the blood. It is unrelated to the spasms of the eyelid muscles. Belfarospasm is not a recognized medical term and is likely a misspelling of blepharospasm. Therefore, the correct answer is blepharospasm.
32.
An endoscope for esxamining the peritoneal cavity
Correct Answer
A. Laparoscope
Explanation
A laparoscope is a type of endoscope specifically designed for examining the peritoneal cavity. It is a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, allowing doctors to visually inspect the abdominal organs. This procedure, known as laparoscopy, is commonly used for diagnosing and treating various conditions in the peritoneal cavity, such as appendicitis, ovarian cysts, and tumors. The other options, sigmoidoscope and sigmoidoscopy, are used for examining the sigmoid colon, which is not relevant to the peritoneal cavity.
33.
An incision of the tympanic membrane
Correct Answer
D. Myringotomy
Explanation
A myringotomy is a surgical procedure in which a small incision is made in the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to relieve pressure or drain fluid from the middle ear. This procedure is commonly performed to treat conditions such as chronic ear infections or to insert ear tubes. Adenopathy and adinopathy are not medical terms and do not relate to the given question. Myringomy is also not a correct answer as it refers to the presence of a small hole or perforation in the eardrum, whereas the question specifically mentions an incision.
34.
An opening, mouth, or bone
Correct Answer
B. Os
Explanation
The correct answer is "os". "Os" is a Latin word that means "opening" or "mouth". In medical terminology, it is often used to refer to an opening or a cavity in the body, such as the mouth or a bone. In this context, "os" can be interpreted as a general term for any kind of opening, mouth, or bone.
35.
An unusually rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat
Correct Answer
B. Palpitation
Explanation
Palpitation refers to an unusually rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat. It is a sensation of the heart pounding or racing, often felt in the chest, throat, or neck. This condition can be caused by various factors such as anxiety, stress, caffeine, nicotine, certain medications, or underlying heart conditions. Palpitation is different from palpation, which is a medical term for the act of examining or feeling a patient's body part with the hands. Therefore, the correct answer is palpitation.
36.
Around the rectum
Correct Answer
C. Perirectal
Explanation
The term "perirectal" refers to the area around the rectum. It is a combination of the prefix "peri-" which means "around" and "rectal" which refers to the rectum. Therefore, perirectal accurately describes the location around the rectum. The other options, "perrectal," "prerectal," and "parirectal," do not accurately describe the specific location around the rectum.
37.
Coughing and spitting of blood
Correct Answer
C. Hemoptysis
Explanation
Hemoptysis refers to coughing and spitting of blood, which is the presence of blood in the sputum. It is a symptom that can be caused by various underlying conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer, or pulmonary embolism. The term "hemotysis" does not exist, so the correct term to describe this symptom is "hemoptysis".
38.
Accumulation of fluid and cellular debris in the tissues
Correct Answer
B. Exudate
Explanation
Exudate is the correct answer because it refers to the accumulation of fluid and cellular debris in the tissues. This can occur as a result of inflammation or infection, causing a discharge of pus or fluid from the affected area. Edema, on the other hand, refers to the swelling caused by an accumulation of fluid in the body's tissues, but it does not specifically involve the presence of cellular debris. Therefore, exudate is the most appropriate term to describe the given scenario.
39.
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose
Correct Answer
C. Rhinitis
Explanation
Rhinitis refers to the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose. The term "mucosa" is another word for the mucous membrane, and "mucos" is a misspelling of it. Therefore, "rhinitis" is the correct answer as it accurately describes the condition of inflammation in the nasal mucous membrane.
40.
Intense chronic itching in the anal region
Correct Answer
A. Pruritis ani
Explanation
Pruritis ani refers to intense chronic itching in the anal region. This condition can be caused by various factors such as poor hygiene, excessive moisture, certain skin conditions, or even certain foods. It is important to identify and address the underlying cause of pruritis ani in order to provide appropriate treatment and relief from the itching.
41.
Involuntary rapid rhythmic movement of the eyeball
Correct Answer
A. Nystagmus
Explanation
Nystagmus refers to the involuntary rapid rhythmic movement of the eyeball. It is a condition where the eyes move uncontrollably, usually in a repetitive side-to-side or up-and-down motion. This movement can be caused by various factors, including neurological conditions, inner ear problems, medication side effects, or alcohol or drug use. Nystagmus can affect vision and lead to symptoms like blurred vision, dizziness, and difficulty focusing. Treatment options for nystagmus depend on the underlying cause and may include medication, surgery, or the use of visual aids.
42.
Labored or difficult breathing
Correct Answer
C. Dyspnea
Explanation
Dyspnea refers to labored or difficult breathing. It is a medical term used to describe the sensation of breathlessness or the feeling of not being able to get enough air. It can be caused by various factors such as lung diseases, heart conditions, obesity, anxiety, or strenuous physical activity. Dyspnea is often accompanied by other symptoms like rapid breathing, chest tightness, wheezing, or coughing. It is important to identify the underlying cause of dyspnea in order to provide appropriate treatment and management.
43.
Muscular pain
Correct Answer
C. Myalgia
Explanation
Myalgia is the correct answer because it refers to muscular pain or discomfort. Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection and not related to muscular pain. Chlamidia and mialgia are misspellings of chlamydia and myalgia respectively. Therefore, myalgia is the most appropriate term that matches the given description.
44.
Painful menstruation
Correct Answer
B. Dysmenorrhea
Explanation
Dysmenorrhea refers to painful menstruation, which is the correct answer. Amenorrhea, on the other hand, is the absence of menstruation. Therefore, amenorrhea is not the correct answer.
45.
Painful or difficult urination
Correct Answer
A. Dysuria
Explanation
Dysuria refers to painful or difficult urination. It is a symptom that can be caused by various conditions such as urinary tract infections, bladder stones, or inflammation of the urethra. The term "dysuria" is derived from the Greek words "dys" meaning difficult or painful, and "ouron" meaning urine. It is important to identify the underlying cause of dysuria in order to provide appropriate treatment and relieve the discomfort experienced during urination.
46.
Pertaining to the cheek
Correct Answer
A. Buccal
Explanation
The term "buccal" refers to something related to the cheek. It can be used to describe the location or function of structures in the cheek area. In this context, "buccal" is the correct answer as it directly relates to the topic of the cheek. The other options, such as "bucca," "granuloma," and "granduloma," do not have any specific connection to the cheek.
47.
Redness of the skin
Correct Answer
D. Erythema
Explanation
Erythema refers to redness of the skin, which is a common symptom of various skin conditions and infections. It is characterized by the dilation of blood vessels in the skin, leading to the red appearance. Orthopnea, on the other hand, is a medical term used to describe difficulty in breathing while lying flat and is unrelated to skin redness. Therefore, erythema is the correct answer as it accurately corresponds to the given symptom.
48.
Resembling a polyp
Correct Answer
C. Polypoid
Explanation
The word "polypoid" is the correct answer because it means "resembling a polyp." The other options, such as "polypiod," "polypod," and "polypide," do not have the same meaning and are not related to the given word. Therefore, "polypoid" is the most appropriate choice.
49.
Accumulation of excess fluid in the tissues of the body
Correct Answer
C. Edema
Explanation
Edema refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the tissues of the body. This condition can occur due to various reasons such as inflammation, injury, or certain medical conditions. When there is an imbalance between the amount of fluid being produced and the amount being removed from the tissues, fluid can build up and cause swelling. Edema can affect different parts of the body, including the legs, ankles, and hands. It is important to identify and treat the underlying cause of edema to prevent complications and manage the symptoms effectively.
50.
The state of lying down
Correct Answer
C. Decubitus
Explanation
Decubitus refers to the state of lying down. In medical terminology, it specifically refers to the position of a patient lying on their back. This term is commonly used to describe the position in which patients are placed during medical examinations or procedures. It is important to note that "fundus" and "fundes" are not related to the state of lying down, and "decubitis" is not a correct term. Therefore, the correct answer is decubitus.