Medical Vocabulary Quiz 5

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Quizzes Created: 6 | Total Attempts: 1,387

Questions: 47 | Attempts: 106 | Updated: Nov 24, 2023

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Introduction To Medical Vocabulary QUIZ 5, 50 multiple choice questions help to study for Final Exam See other quizzes to help study for the Final

Questions and Answers

1.

Which gland secretes growth hormone (GH)?
- A.
  
  Anterior lobe of pituitary gland
- B.
  
  Posterior lobe of pituitary gland
- C.
  
  Pineal gland
- D.
  
  Thyroid gland
Correct Answer
A. Anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Explanation
The growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it produces and releases several important hormones that regulate various bodily functions. GH plays a crucial role in stimulating growth and development in children and adolescents, as well as regulating metabolism and maintaining healthy body composition in adults. The other options mentioned, such as the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, pineal gland, and thyroid gland, do not secrete growth hormone.

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2.

The prefix "syn-" means:
- A.
  
  Near
- B.
  
  Together
- C.
  
  Away from
- D.
  
  Absorbing
Correct Answer
B. Together

Explanation
The prefix "syn-" is derived from the Greek word "syn," which means "together" or "with." When added to a word, it indicates that something is happening or existing in conjunction or unity with something else. Therefore, the correct answer is "together."

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3.

The suffix which means condition of is:
- A.
  
  -emia
- B.
  
  -osis
- C.
  
  -plasia
- D.
  
  -oid
Correct Answer
B. -osis

Explanation
The suffix "-osis" means a condition of or a state of. It is commonly used to describe abnormal or diseased conditions in medical terminology. For example, "leukocytosis" refers to the condition of having an abnormally high number of white blood cells. Therefore, "-osis" is the correct answer as it accurately represents the meaning of "condition of" in medical terminology.

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4.

Which endocrine gland is known as the "master gland" due to the control it maintains over other glands?
- A.
  
  Adrenal gland
- B.
  
  Pituitary gland
- C.
  
  Thyroid gland
- D.
  
  Pancreas
Correct Answer
B. Pituitary gland

Explanation
The pituitary gland is known as the "master gland" because it controls and regulates the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. It produces and releases various hormones that stimulate or inhibit the production of hormones in other glands, such as the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and pancreas. This control over other glands allows the pituitary gland to maintain hormonal balance and regulate important bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response.

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5.

Which word root means gland?
- A.
  
  Endocrin
- B.
  
  Acr
- C.
  
  Adren
- D.
  
  Aden
Correct Answer
D. Aden

Explanation
The word root "aden" means gland.

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6.

Congenital hypothyroidism in children, which results in reduced mental development and dwarf-like physical stature is:
- A.
  
  Acromegaly
- B.
  
  Hirsutism
- C.
  
  Myxedema
- D.
  
  Cretinism
Correct Answer
D. Cretinism

Explanation
Cretinism is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by congenital hypothyroidism in children, leading to reduced mental development and dwarf-like physical stature. Acromegaly is a condition caused by excessive growth hormone production in adults, resulting in enlarged body parts. Hirsutism refers to excessive hair growth in women, often caused by hormonal imbalances. Myxedema is a term used to describe severe hypothyroidism in adults, which can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance.

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7.

The lab test showed that the client's calcium levels were low. This client has:
- A.
  
  Hypokalemia
- B.
  
  Hyperglycemia
- C.
  
  Hyperthyroidism
- D.
  
  Hypocalcermia
Correct Answer
D. Hypocalcermia

Explanation
The lab test results indicating low calcium levels suggest that the client has hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia is a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood. This can lead to various symptoms such as muscle cramps, twitching, numbness, and tingling. It can be caused by factors such as vitamin D deficiency, kidney disorders, or certain medications. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause and may include calcium and vitamin D supplements.

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8.

Parathyroidectomy is removal or excision of:
- A.
  
  Pineal gland
- B.
  
  Thyroid gland
- C.
  
  One or more parathyroid glands
- D.
  
  Thymus gland
Correct Answer
C. One or more parathyroid glands

Explanation
Parathyroidectomy is the surgical removal or excision of one or more parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are small glands located near the thyroid gland in the neck. These glands are responsible for producing parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. Parathyroidectomy may be necessary if these glands are overactive or if there are tumors present. Removing one or more parathyroid glands can help restore normal hormone levels and alleviate symptoms associated with hyperparathyroidism.

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9.

Tetany, which leads to excitation of nerves and muscle spasms, is caused by a deficiency of:
- A.
  
  Growth hormone
- B.
  
  Calcitonin
- C.
  
  Thyroxin
- D.
  
  Parathyroid hormone
Correct Answer
D. Parathyroid hormone

Explanation
Tetany is caused by a deficiency of parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood. When there is a deficiency of this hormone, it can lead to low levels of calcium, which in turn causes increased excitability of nerves and muscle spasms. Growth hormone, calcitonin, and thyroxin do not play a direct role in regulating calcium levels and are therefore not the cause of tetany.

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10.

The medical term for abnormal condition of a gland is:
- A.
  
  Adrenalitis
- B.
  
  Adrenopathy
- C.
  
  Endocrinopathy
- D.
  
  Adenosis
Correct Answer
D. Adenosis

Explanation
Adenosis is the correct answer because it refers to an abnormal condition of a gland. The term "adrenalitis" specifically refers to inflammation of the adrenal gland, while "adrenopathy" refers to any disease or disorder of the adrenal gland. "Endocrinopathy" is a broader term that encompasses disorders of any endocrine gland, not just a specific gland. Therefore, "adenosis" is the most appropriate term for an abnormal condition of a gland in general.

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11.

The use of radioactive iodine to treat a disease of the thyroid tland, such as a thyroid tumor, is:
- A.
  
  Thyroxine test
- B.
  
  Radioactive iodine uptake
- C.
  
  Hormone replacement therapy
- D.
  
  Radioiodine therapy
Correct Answer
D. Radioiodine therapy

Explanation
Radioiodine therapy is the correct answer because it involves the use of radioactive iodine to treat diseases of the thyroid gland, such as thyroid tumors. Radioactive iodine is taken orally and is absorbed by the thyroid gland. The radiation emitted by the radioactive iodine helps to destroy the abnormal thyroid tissue, reducing the size of the tumor or eliminating it altogether. This therapy is commonly used for conditions like hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer, as it is a targeted and effective treatment option.

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12.

Which medical term is spelled correctly?
- A.
  
  Adrenelectomy
- B.
  
  Calcipoenia
- C.
  
  Lutienizing hormone
- D.
  
  Adenohypophysis
Correct Answer
D. AdenohypopHysis

Explanation
The term "adenohypophysis" is spelled correctly. The adenohypophysis is also known as the anterior pituitary gland, which is a part of the endocrine system. It is responsible for producing and releasing various hormones that regulate different bodily functions. The other options, "adrenelectomy," "calcipoenia," and "lutienizing hormone," are misspelled or incorrect medical terms.

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13.

Aldosterone, which regulates body fluid balance and blood pressure, is secreted by the:
- A.
  
  Adrenal cortex
- B.
  
  Anterior pituitary
- C.
  
  Adrenal medulla
- D.
  
  Posterior pituitary
Correct Answer
A. Adrenal cortex

Explanation
Aldosterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating body fluid balance and blood pressure. It is secreted by the adrenal cortex, which is the outer layer of the adrenal gland. The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing various hormones, including aldosterone, which acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water and promote the excretion of potassium. This helps to maintain the balance of electrolytes and fluid in the body, ultimately regulating blood pressure. The anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary do not secrete aldosterone, and the adrenal medulla is responsible for secreting adrenaline and noradrenaline, not aldosterone.

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14.

A condition resulting from excessive thyroid hormone levels is known as:
- A.
  
  Myxedema
- B.
  
  Thyrotoxicosis
- C.
  
  Hyperinsulinism
- D.
  
  Acidosis
Correct Answer
B. Thyrotoxicosis

Explanation
Thyrotoxicosis is the correct answer because it refers to a condition caused by excessive levels of thyroid hormone in the body. This condition typically occurs due to an overactive thyroid gland, which leads to symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, irritability, and sweating. Myxedema, on the other hand, is a condition resulting from low thyroid hormone levels, while hyperinsulinism refers to excessive insulin production and acidosis is a condition characterized by increased acidity in the blood.

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15.

Kal/o is a combining form for which substance?
- A.
  
  Phosphorus
- B.
  
  Sodium
- C.
  
  Potassium
- D.
  
  Calcium
Correct Answer
C. Potassium

Explanation
The combining form "Kal/o" is derived from the element "potassium". This is evident from the fact that "Kal/o" is used to refer to potassium in medical terminology, such as in terms like "hypokalemia" which means low potassium levels. Therefore, the correct answer is potassium.

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16.

Natr/o is the combining form for which substance?
- A.
  
  Iodine
- B.
  
  Sugar
- C.
  
  Potassium
- D.
  
  Sodium
Correct Answer
D. Sodium

Explanation
The combining form "Natr/o" is used to refer to sodium.

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17.

The combining form 'crin/o' means
- A.
  
  To urge on
- B.
  
  To secrete
- C.
  
  Thirst
- D.
  
  Sweetbread
Correct Answer
B. To secrete

Explanation
The combining form 'crin/o' refers to the process of secretion. This can be inferred from the meaning of the word 'secrete', which means to produce and release a substance, typically a liquid, from a cell or gland. Therefore, 'crin/o' is associated with the act of secreting substances.

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18.

The medical term for excessive thirst is:
- A.
  
  Polydipsia
- B.
  
  Polyglycia
- C.
  
  Polyuria
- D.
  
  Polyphagia
Correct Answer
A. Polydipsia

Explanation
Polydipsia is the medical term for excessive thirst. It is characterized by an abnormally increased thirst and a persistent desire to drink fluids. This condition can be a symptom of various underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes, kidney disease, or hormonal imbalances. Polydipsia is often accompanied by polyuria, which is excessive urination, as the body tries to eliminate the excess fluid intake. Polyglycia and polyphagia are not correct answers as they refer to excessive blood sugar levels and excessive hunger, respectively.

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19.

______ is essential for maintenance of a normal level of blood surgar
- A.
  
  Parahormone
- B.
  
  Cortisol
- C.
  
  Serotonin
- D.
  
  Insulin
Correct Answer
D. Insulin

Explanation
Insulin is essential for the maintenance of a normal level of blood sugar. It is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate glucose levels in the body. Insulin allows cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy or store it for later use. Without insulin, glucose cannot enter the cells effectively, leading to high blood sugar levels, which can eventually cause serious health complications such as diabetes.

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20.

An enlargement of the extremities due to excessive growth hormone is called:
- A.
  
  Cretinism
- B.
  
  Gigantism
- C.
  
  Acromegaly
- D.
  
  Dwarfism
Correct Answer
C. Acromegaly

Explanation
Acromegaly is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the extremities, such as the hands, feet, and facial features, due to excessive growth hormone production in adults. This occurs when the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone after the growth plates have closed. Unlike gigantism, which occurs in children and leads to overall excessive growth, acromegaly specifically affects the extremities. Cretinism, on the other hand, is a condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland in infancy, leading to stunted growth and intellectual disability. Dwarfism refers to a condition characterized by short stature.

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21.

______ is a gland which produces an internal secretion
- A.
  
  Endocrine
- B.
  
  Ectropion
- C.
  
  Exocrine
- D.
  
  Enzyme
Correct Answer
A. Endocrine

Explanation
The correct answer is endocrine. The endocrine gland produces internal secretions, which are hormones that are released directly into the bloodstream and have an effect on target cells throughout the body. Unlike exocrine glands, which release their secretions through ducts, endocrine glands do not have ducts and their secretions are transported through the bloodstream to reach their target cells. Examples of endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands.

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22.

The suffix '-drome' means
- A.
  
  Secrete
- B.
  
  Dome
- C.
  
  Run, running
- D.
  
  Fever
Correct Answer
C. Run, running

Explanation
The suffix '-drome' is derived from the Greek word "dromos," which means "a running course or race." Therefore, when added to a word, it indicates a condition or state related to running or movement. In this case, the correct answer is "run, running," as it accurately represents the meaning of the suffix '-drome'.

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23.

The suffix '-plasia' means:
- A.
  
  Deficiency
- B.
  
  Decrease
- C.
  
  Shape, formation
- D.
  
  Condition
Correct Answer
C. Shape, formation

Explanation
The suffix '-plasia' refers to the process of shaping or forming something. It is commonly used in medical terminology to describe abnormal growth or development of cells or tissues. For example, "dysplasia" refers to the abnormal development of cells, while "hyperplasia" refers to the excessive growth of cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "shape, formation".

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24.

Which word root means fat?
- A.
  
  Pector
- B.
  
  Ather
- C.
  
  Isch
- D.
  
  Varic
Correct Answer
B. Ather

Explanation
The word root "ather" means fat.

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25.

The prefix "brady-" means:
- A.
  
  Inner
- B.
  
  Slow
- C.
  
  Around
- D.
  
  Fast
Correct Answer
B. Slow

Explanation
The prefix "brady-" is derived from the Greek word "bradys" which means slow. Therefore, when the prefix "brady-" is added to a word, it indicates that the word is related to slowness.

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26.

Which suffix means recording?
- A.
  
  -graph
- B.
  
  -sclerosis
- C.
  
  -dynia
- D.
  
  -gram
Correct Answer
D. -gram

Explanation
The suffix "-gram" means recording. It is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to a written or graphical record of a specific measurement or activity. For example, electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart, while mammogram is a graphical representation of the breast tissue. Therefore, "-gram" is the correct suffix that means recording.

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27.

The valve that channels blood to flow in one direction from the left atrium to the left ventricle is the:
- A.
  
  Semilunar valve
- B.
  
  Mitral or bicuspid valve
- C.
  
  Tricuspid valve
- D.
  
  Aortic valve
Correct Answer
B. Mitral or bicuspid valve

Explanation
The mitral or bicuspid valve is the correct answer because it is the valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. It consists of two flaps or cusps that open and close to allow blood to flow in one direction, from the atrium to the ventricle. This valve prevents the backflow of blood and ensures that it moves forward into the ventricle before being pumped out to the rest of the body.

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28.

The client's x-ray showed an abnormal enlargement (hypertrophy) of the heart. This client has:
- A.
  
  Cardiodynia
- B.
  
  Cardiomyopathy
- C.
  
  Angiostenosis
- D.
  
  Cardiomegaly
Correct Answer
D. Cardiomegaly

Explanation
The correct answer is cardiomegaly. Cardiomegaly refers to an abnormal enlargement of the heart. This can be caused by various factors, such as high blood pressure, heart valve problems, or heart muscle diseases. It is important to diagnose and treat cardiomegaly as it can lead to complications and affect the heart's ability to function properly.

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29.

Chest pain usually caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart is:
- A.
  
  Claudication
- B.
  
  Palpitation
- C.
  
  Angiospasm
- D.
  
  Angina pectoris
Correct Answer
D. Angina pectoris

Explanation
Angina pectoris is the correct answer because it refers to chest pain caused by a reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. This condition typically occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, become narrowed or blocked. The insufficient blood supply leads to a temporary lack of oxygen and nutrients in the heart muscle, causing chest pain or discomfort. Angina pectoris is often triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress and is a common symptom of coronary artery disease.

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30.

A disturbance or abnormality of the heart's normal rhythmic cycle is known as:
- A.
  
  Dysrhythmia
- B.
  
  Palpitation
- C.
  
  Bradycardia
- D.
  
  Tachycardia
Correct Answer
A. Dysrhythmia

Explanation
A disturbance or abnormality of the heart's normal rhythmic cycle is known as a dysrhythmia. This term encompasses any irregularity in the heart's electrical activity, which can cause the heart to beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or in an irregular pattern. Dysrhythmias can be caused by various factors such as heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, medications, or genetic conditions. They can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, or chest pain. Treatment for dysrhythmias may include medication, lifestyle changes, or medical procedures to restore normal heart rhythm.

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31.

A chronic condition characterized by the inability of the left ventricle to pump enough blood through the body to adequately supply systemic tissues is:
- A.
  
  Cor pulmonale
- B.
  
  Congestive heart failure
- C.
  
  Cardiac tamponade
- D.
  
  Myocardial infarction
Correct Answer
B. Congestive heart failure

Explanation
Congestive heart failure is a chronic condition where the left ventricle of the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. This leads to a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other parts of the body, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling. It is a common condition that can be caused by various factors, including coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and heart valve problems. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medications, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

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32.

A congential defect in which the opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta that allows blood to pass across during fetal circulation before birth, fails to close after birth is known as:
- A.
  
  Tetralogy of Fallot
- B.
  
  Patent ductus arteriosus
- C.
  
  Atrial septal defect
- D.
  
  Coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer
B. Patent ductus arteriosus

Explanation
Patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital defect in which the opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, known as the ductus arteriosus, remains open after birth. Normally, the ductus arteriosus closes shortly after birth, but in the case of patent ductus arteriosus, it remains open, allowing blood to flow between the two major blood vessels. This can lead to increased blood flow to the lungs and strain on the heart. Treatment may involve medication or surgery to close the ductus arteriosus.

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33.

A recording of a procedure in which the electrical events associated with the beating of the heart are evaluated in a(n):
- A.
  
  Electrocardiogram
- B.
  
  Angiogram
- C.
  
  Arteriogram
- D.
  
  Echocardiogram
Correct Answer
A. Electrocardiogram

Explanation
An electrocardiogram is a recording of the electrical events associated with the beating of the heart. It is a non-invasive procedure that helps evaluate the heart's electrical activity and diagnose any abnormalities or conditions. An angiogram is a procedure that uses X-rays and a contrast dye to visualize the blood vessels, while an arteriogram specifically focuses on the arteries. An echocardiogram, on the other hand, uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. Therefore, the correct answer for the given question is electrocardiogram.

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34.

The medical term for persistently high blood pressure is:
- A.
  
  Ischemia
- B.
  
  Cardiomyopathy
- C.
  
  Hypertension
- D.
  
  Hypotension
Correct Answer
C. Hypertension

Explanation
Hypertension is the correct answer because it refers to persistently high blood pressure. Ischemia is a condition where there is a lack of blood supply to tissues, usually due to a blockage in the blood vessels. Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle. Hypotension, on the other hand, refers to persistently low blood pressure. Therefore, hypertension is the most appropriate term for persistently high blood pressure.

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35.

Which medical term is spelled correctly?
- A.
  
  Sphygmanometry
- B.
  
  Thromboangiitis obliterans
- C.
  
  Interstiteal fluid
- D.
  
  Hemorhoidectomy
Correct Answer
B. Thromboangiitis obliterans

Explanation
Thromboangiitis obliterans is the correct spelling of a medical term. This condition, also known as Buerger's disease, is a rare inflammatory disorder that affects the blood vessels, particularly in the arms and legs. It is characterized by the formation of blood clots, inflammation, and narrowing of the blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow and tissue damage. This term is spelled correctly and refers to a specific medical condition.

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36.

Cardiac tamponade is:
- A.
  
  Blockage of an artery supplying the heart
- B.
  
  A general disease of the heart muscle
- C.
  
  Death of a portion of the myocardium, usually caused by an occluded vessel interrupting blood flow
- D.
  
  Acute compression of the heart due to the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity
Correct Answer
D. Acute compression of the heart due to the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity

Explanation
Cardiac tamponade refers to the acute compression of the heart caused by the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity. This accumulation of fluid puts pressure on the heart, preventing it from expanding fully and filling with blood. As a result, the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently is compromised. Cardiac tamponade can be a life-threatening condition and requires immediate medical intervention to relieve the pressure on the heart and restore normal cardiac function.

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37.

An ultrasound procedure that evaluates blood flow in an effort to determine the cause of a localized reduction in blood flow is:
- A.
  
  Myocardial radionuclide perfusion scan
- B.
  
  Positron emission tomography
- C.
  
  Doppler sonography
- D.
  
  Angioscopy
Correct Answer
C. Doppler sonograpHy

Explanation
Doppler sonography is a type of ultrasound procedure that evaluates blood flow. It uses sound waves to measure the speed and direction of blood flow in blood vessels. This procedure is commonly used to determine the cause of a localized reduction in blood flow, such as in cases of blocked or narrowed blood vessels. Doppler sonography is a non-invasive and safe method for assessing blood flow and can provide valuable information for diagnosing and treating conditions affecting blood circulation.

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38.

_____ _____ is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessles
- A.
  
  Pulse pressure
- B.
  
  Diastolic pressure
- C.
  
  Systolic pressure
- D.
  
  Blood pressure
Correct Answer
D. Blood pressure

Explanation
Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessels. This is a measure of the force that the blood exerts on the arteries as it is pumped around the body by the heart. Blood pressure is typically measured using two values: systolic pressure, which is the pressure when the heart is contracting, and diastolic pressure, which is the pressure when the heart is at rest. Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is blood pressure.

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39.

A condition in which there is a lack of rhythm of the heart beat is:
- A.
  
  Murmur
- B.
  
  Fibrillation
- C.
  
  Palpitation
- D.
  
  Arrhythmia
Correct Answer
D. Arrhythmia

Explanation
Arrhythmia is the correct answer because it refers to a condition where there is a lack of rhythm in the heart beat. It can manifest as irregular, too fast, or too slow heart rhythms. Murmur refers to an abnormal sound in the heart, fibrillation is a specific type of arrhythmia characterized by rapid and irregular heartbeats, and palpitation refers to the sensation of an irregular or forceful heartbeat.

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40.

A fast heartbeat is known as:
- A.
  
  Brachycardia
- B.
  
  Tachycardia
- C.
  
  Trachycardia
- D.
  
  Bardycardia
Correct Answer
B. Tachycardia

Explanation
Tachycardia is the correct answer because it refers to a fast heartbeat. It is a condition where the heart beats faster than the normal resting heart rate. This can be caused by various factors such as stress, anxiety, exercise, or certain medical conditions. It is important to monitor and manage tachycardia as it can lead to complications if left untreated.

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41.

Phlebitis:
- A.
  
  Inflammation of a vein
- B.
  
  Blockage of a heart valve
- C.
  
  Narrowing of a valve with inflammation
- D.
  
  Inflammation of a capillary
Correct Answer
A. Inflammation of a vein

Explanation
Phlebitis refers to the inflammation of a vein. This condition occurs when a vein becomes irritated and inflamed, often due to a blood clot, infection, or injury. The inflammation can cause pain, redness, and swelling in the affected area. It is important to treat phlebitis promptly to prevent complications such as deep vein thrombosis.

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42.

Removal of plaque from an artery:
- A.
  
  Endarterectomy
- B.
  
  Aneurysmectomy
- C.
  
  Valvuloplasty
- D.
  
  Arteriography
Correct Answer
A. Endarterectomy

Explanation
Endarterectomy is the correct answer because it refers to the surgical removal of plaque from an artery. Plaque is a buildup of cholesterol, fat, and other substances that can narrow or block the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow. Endarterectomy involves making an incision in the artery, removing the plaque, and then closing the artery. This procedure helps to restore blood flow and prevent further complications such as heart attacks or strokes. Aneurysmectomy, valvuloplasty, and arteriography are not related to the removal of plaque from an artery.

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43.

The medical term for hardening of the arteries is:
- A.
  
  Arteriotome
- B.
  
  Atheroma
- C.
  
  Atherosclerosis
- D.
  
  Arteriosclerosis
Correct Answer
D. Arteriosclerosis

Explanation
Arteriosclerosis is the correct answer because it refers to the medical condition of hardening of the arteries. It is a chronic disease where the arteries become thickened and less elastic, leading to reduced blood flow. Arteriotome is not a medical term related to hardening of the arteries. Atheroma refers to a fatty deposit on the inner lining of an artery, which can contribute to arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a related term, but it specifically refers to the buildup of plaque in the arteries.

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44.

A condition in which a blood clot attaces to a wall and obstructs the vessel is:
- A.
  
  Cyanosis
- B.
  
  Constriction
- C.
  
  Thrombosis
- D.
  
  Embolism
Correct Answer
C. Thrombosis

Explanation
Thrombosis refers to the condition where a blood clot forms and attaches to a blood vessel wall, causing obstruction. This can lead to reduced blood flow and potential complications depending on the location and size of the clot. Cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin due to inadequate oxygenation, constriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels, and embolism refers to the movement of a clot from one location to another.

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45.

An incision into a vein is known as:
- A.
  
  Phlebectomy
- B.
  
  Phlebitis
- C.
  
  Phlebolith
- D.
  
  Phlebotomy
Correct Answer
D. pHlebotomy

Explanation
Phlebotomy is the correct answer because it refers to the process of making an incision into a vein, typically to draw blood or administer intravenous therapy. Phlebectomy is the surgical removal of a vein, phlebitis is the inflammation of a vein, and phlebolith is a small, usually calcified, stone within a vein.

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46.

Cyanosis:
- A.
  
  Associated with a hemangioma
- B.
  
  Yellow coloration of the skin
- C.
  
  A form of atherosclerosis
- D.
  
  Bluish coloration of the skin
Correct Answer
D. Bluish coloration of the skin

Explanation
Cyanosis is a condition characterized by a bluish coloration of the skin. This discoloration occurs when there is a decreased amount of oxygen in the blood. It is typically a result of underlying medical conditions such as heart or lung problems, where the oxygen levels in the blood are compromised. The bluish coloration is most noticeable in areas with thinner skin, such as the lips, fingertips, and nail beds. Cyanosis is not associated with a hemangioma, yellow coloration of the skin, or a form of atherosclerosis.

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47.

A local widening of an artery:
- A.
  
  Aneurysm
- B.
  
  Aortic stenosis
- C.
  
  Thrombosis
- D.
  
  Infarction
Correct Answer
A. Aneurysm

Explanation
A local widening of an artery refers to an aneurysm. This condition occurs when there is a bulge or ballooning in the wall of an artery, usually caused by weakness in the blood vessel. Aneurysms can occur in various parts of the body, but are most commonly found in the aorta. If left untreated, an aneurysm can rupture and lead to serious complications or even death.

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Jun 14, 2009

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Medical Vocabulary Quiz 5

Which gland secretes growth hormone (GH)?

The prefix "syn-" means:

The suffix which means condition of is:

Which endocrine gland is known as the "master gland" due to the control it maintains over other glands?

Which word root means gland?

Congenital hypothyroidism in children, which results in reduced mental development and dwarf-like physical stature is:

The lab test showed that the client's calcium levels were low. This client has:

Parathyroidectomy is removal or excision of:

Tetany, which leads to excitation of nerves and muscle spasms, is caused by a deficiency of:

The medical term for abnormal condition of a gland is:

The use of radioactive iodine to treat a disease of the thyroid tland, such as a thyroid tumor, is:

Which medical term is spelled correctly?

Aldosterone, which regulates body fluid balance and blood pressure, is secreted by the:

A condition resulting from excessive thyroid hormone levels is known as:

Kal/o is a combining form for which substance?

Natr/o is the combining form for which substance?

The combining form 'crin/o' means

The medical term for excessive thirst is:

______ is essential for maintenance of a normal level of blood surgar

An enlargement of the extremities due to excessive growth hormone is called:

______ is a gland which produces an internal secretion

The suffix '-drome' means

The suffix '-plasia' means:

Which word root means fat?

The prefix "brady-" means:

Which suffix means recording?

The valve that channels blood to flow in one direction from the left atrium to the left ventricle is the:

The client's x-ray showed an abnormal enlargement (hypertrophy) of the heart. This client has:

Chest pain usually caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart is:

A disturbance or abnormality of the heart's normal rhythmic cycle is known as:

A chronic condition characterized by the inability of the left ventricle to pump enough blood through the body to adequately supply systemic tissues is:

A congential defect in which the opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta that allows blood to pass across during fetal circulation before birth, fails to close after birth is known as:

A recording of a procedure in which the electrical events associated with the beating of the heart are evaluated in a(n):

The medical term for persistently high blood pressure is:

Which medical term is spelled correctly?

Cardiac tamponade is:

An ultrasound procedure that evaluates blood flow in an effort to determine the cause of a localized reduction in blood flow is:

_____ _____ is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessles

A condition in which there is a lack of rhythm of the heart beat is:

A fast heartbeat is known as:

Phlebitis:

Removal of plaque from an artery:

The medical term for hardening of the arteries is:

A condition in which a blood clot attaces to a wall and obstructs the vessel is:

An incision into a vein is known as:

Cyanosis:

A local widening of an artery:

_ _ is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessles