Medication Administration Exam 2 Prep

Duration refers to the length of time that a medication remains in the body after it has been given or administered. It is an important factor to consider when determining the frequency of medication dosages. Therefore, the statement that duration is defined as how long a medication is in your system once administered is true.

The angle for IM shots is 90 degrees or ninety degrees.

Lipohypertrophy is a condition where excess subcutaneous fat accumulates at the site of insulin injection. This can lead to slower absorption of medication, affecting the effectiveness of insulin. Therefore, the statement that lipohypertrophy slows the rate of absorption of medication is true.

Units.

Lipoatrophy refers to the loss of subcutaneous fat at the injection site of insulin. This condition can occur due to repeated insulin injections at the same site, causing the fat tissue to break down. As a result, the rate of absorption of medication, in this case insulin, is slowed down. Therefore, the statement "Lipoatrophy is the breakdown of subcutaneous fat at the site of insulin injection and slows the rate of absorption of medication" is true.

Insulin cannot be given orally because the enzymes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract would break it down and render it ineffective. The GI tract is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, and it contains various enzymes that help in this process. Insulin is a protein hormone, and when taken orally, it would be subject to digestion by these enzymes, rendering it inactive before it can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Therefore, insulin must be administered through injection to bypass the GI tract and ensure its effectiveness.

(IM, IV, SQ, ID)

The statement is suggesting that there are different types of actions, namely rapid, short, intermediate, and mixture. The answer "True" indicates that the statement is correct, and there indeed exist these different types of actions.

Polyuria is excessive urination. Polyphagia is excessive hunger. Polydipsia is excessive thirst.

The given statement is true. nPH stands for neutral protamine hagedorn.

Bevels are always pointing up because a bevel is an angled edge or surface on an object that is designed to reduce the sharpness or thickness of that object. When a bevel is pointing up, it means that the angle is facing upwards, away from the surface it is on. This design allows for smoother transitions and prevents sharp edges, making it safer to handle and use the object.

The angle for SQ shots is 45 degrees. This can also be expressed as "forty-five" or "forty five".

Parenteral medications are administered by injection when the medication needs to be absorbed rapidly and completely into the bloodstream. This is because injecting the medication directly into the bloodstream bypasses the digestive system, allowing for quicker absorption. Additionally, parenteral medications are also administered by injection when the patient is unable to take the medication by mouth, such as in cases of nausea, vomiting, or unconsciousness. Therefore, the correct answer is both B & C.

The slant of the shaft and the length of the needle are characteristic features of a needle. The slant of the shaft refers to the angle at which the needle is tapered, which can affect its insertion and maneuverability. The length of the needle is important as it determines how deep it can penetrate into the skin or tissue. However, the statement that all needles are universal for both adults and infants/small children is incorrect, as different sizes and types of needles are used for different age groups and medical procedures.

When using a sliding scale for insulin, the amount of insulin units are usually small and rapid/short acting. A sliding scale is a method of adjusting insulin dosage based on a person's blood sugar levels. It involves administering a small amount of rapid-acting insulin to correct high blood sugar levels. The small dosage helps to quickly bring down the blood sugar level to the target range. Rapid/short-acting insulin is used because it has a fast onset of action and a short duration of effect, allowing for precise control of blood sugar levels.

The higher the gauge number, the smaller and thinner the needle. As the gauge number increases, it indicates a smaller diameter of the needle. A smaller diameter means the needle is thinner, making it more suitable for delicate or precise tasks.

Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood sugar LESS THAN 80 mg/dl.

The given question is incomplete and does not provide enough context to determine the subject being referred to. Therefore, it is not possible to provide a meaningful explanation for the correct answer.

Syringes come in many sizes, ranging from 1ml to 60ml. This means that the largest size available is 60ml, as stated in the answer.

The 3 parts of a needle include the hub, shaft, and bevel. The hub is the part of the needle that connects to the syringe. The bevel is the slanted tip of the needle that allows for easier insertion into the skin. The shaft is the long, cylindrical portion of the needle that connects the hub to the bevel. It provides stability and support to the needle during the injection process.

The angle for TB shots is 15 degrees or fifteen degrees.

The parts of a syringe include the barrel, the plunger, and the tip. The plunger is an essential component of a syringe as it is used to draw in and push out the liquid or medication. It fits snugly inside the barrel and creates a vacuum when pulled back, allowing for accurate measurement and administration of the substance. The plunger is typically made of rubber or plastic and is designed to be easily manipulated by the user. Without the plunger, the syringe would not be able to function properly.

When mixing insulin, always go from clear to cloudy.

Insulin-Flex Pens are typically used by individuals with diabetes to administer insulin. The correct answer of 28 days suggests that an insulin-Flex Pen should be discarded after 28 days of use. This is because insulin can degrade over time, reducing its effectiveness. Using expired insulin can lead to inaccurate dosing and potentially harmful health effects. Therefore, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines and dispose of the pen after 28 days to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the insulin being administered.

The correct answer is Adults: 3ml, small children: 1ml, infants: 0.5ml. This answer is correct because it provides the maximum volume per shot for each category. For adults, the maximum volume is 3ml. For small children, the maximum volume is 1ml. And for infants, the maximum volume is 0.5ml. This answer ensures that the appropriate dosage is administered to each age group, taking into consideration their size and age.

Regular insulin is fast acting because it is designed to be quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and start working to lower blood sugar levels. It typically starts working within 30 minutes of injection and reaches its peak effectiveness within 2 to 4 hours. This makes it a suitable option for managing high blood sugar levels before or after meals. Regular insulin is often used in combination with longer-acting insulins to provide comprehensive blood sugar control throughout the day.

This answer correctly lists the potential risks and complications that may occur with parenteral administration. Allergic reactions can occur when the patient's immune system reacts adversely to the medication. Infections can happen if proper sterile techniques are not followed during the administration process. Trauma at the site of needle puncture can occur due to improper technique or accidental injury. Lastly, if the medication is administered incorrectly or in the wrong dosage, it cannot be retrieved or reversed, leading to potential harm to the patient.

When administering parenteral medications, it is important to pay special attention to the following:

1. It is an invasive procedure: Parenteral medications are administered directly into the body through injections or infusions, bypassing the body's natural barriers. This makes it an invasive procedure that requires careful handling.

2. Skin is the first line of defense: The skin acts as a protective barrier against pathogens and other harmful substances. Administering medications through the skin breaches this defense, increasing the risk of infection or other complications.

3. Remember aseptic technique: Aseptic technique refers to the practices that help prevent the introduction of microorganisms into the injection site or medication. Following proper aseptic technique is crucial to minimize the risk of infection.

4. Make sure you're at the proper site of injection: Administering the medication at the correct site is essential for its effectiveness and safety. Different medications have specific sites of injection, and administering them at the wrong site can lead to adverse effects or reduced efficacy.

These factors highlight the importance of careful administration of parenteral medications to ensure patient safety and optimal treatment outcomes.

Regular insulin can be given intravenously because it has a fast onset of action and a short duration of action, making it suitable for immediate effect. Other types of insulin, such as long-acting or intermediate-acting insulin, are not suitable for intravenous administration as they have a slower onset and longer duration of action. Intravenous administration of regular insulin is typically done in hospital settings for certain medical conditions, such as diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperkalemia, where rapid and precise control of blood glucose levels is required.

Protamine is added to make the insulin last longer, but is also why the insulin is cloudy.

The angle for IV shots is 15 degrees.

When medications are given, it is important to consider the onset, dosage, and cost. Onset refers to how quickly the medication starts to work and produce its intended effects. Dosage refers to the amount of medication that should be taken, which is crucial for ensuring the effectiveness and safety of the treatment. Cost is also an important factor to consider as it can impact accessibility and affordability of the medication. Considering these factors helps healthcare professionals and patients make informed decisions about the most suitable medication for a particular condition.

Regular, Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH), Lantus, and Humalog are all considered insulins. Regular insulin is a short-acting insulin that is typically taken before meals to control blood sugar levels. NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that provides a longer duration of action. Lantus is a long-acting insulin that provides a steady release of insulin throughout the day. Humalog is a rapid-acting insulin that is taken before meals to quickly lower blood sugar levels. These different types of insulin are used to manage diabetes and help regulate blood sugar levels.

The correct answer includes several factors that should be considered when choosing a syringe and needle. These factors include the route of administration, the size and condition of the patient, the amount of adipose tissue the patient has, the volume of medication being administered, the degree of calibration, and the type of medication and its viscosity. All of these factors are important in ensuring that the syringe and needle are appropriate for the specific patient and medication being administered.