1.
____________ consist of two or more people who work inderdependently over some time perioud to accomplish common goals related to some task-oriented purpose.
Explanation
Teams consist of two or more people who work interdependently over some time period to accomplish common goals related to some task-oriented purpose. This definition captures the essence of what makes a team. Unlike just a group of individuals, a team coordinates their efforts and skills to achieve specific, shared objectives. The interdependence among team members means that each person's work directly affects and relies on the work of others. Teams are formed for a variety of purposes, ranging from project-based assignments at work to sports and beyond, all with the common thread of aiming to achieve more together than individually.
2.
A theory that suffests teams develop in a sequence of stages; storming, forming, norming, and performing is
Explanation
Tuckman's Stages of Group Development is a theory that outlines how teams evolve through distinct phases: forming, storming, norming, and performing. Introduced by psychologist Bruce Tuckman in 1965, the model starts with the Forming stage, where team members meet and start to understand the team's goals, although their individual roles are not yet clear. The Storming stage follows, characterized by conflicts and challenges as team members express individual views and resist group influence. As the team progresses to the Norming stage, they begin to resolve their differences, establish norms, and clarify roles, which allows them to work more harmoniously. Finally, in the Performing stage, the team reaches optimal functionality, effectively working towards achieving their goals. This framework helps in understanding and navigating the complexities of team dynamics, making it a valuable tool for team development.
3.
A theory of team development in which teams quickly establish a routine, and then at the midpoint of a project, the team reassesses its approach.
Explanation
Gersick's Punctuated Equilibrium Model is a theory of team development that suggests teams do not progress in a linear phase through stages, but rather through a pattern of stability interrupted by significant changes. The model proposes that teams often operate under a period of equilibrium or routine following their initial formation. This period of stability continues until the team reaches the midpoint of their project timeline, which acts as a trigger for a "punctuated" reassessment of their approach and strategies. At this critical halfway point, teams typically undergo a major transformation in their structure, processes, or methods, after which they enter a second phase of executing the revised plan leading up to the project's completion. This model highlights the importance of these mid-point transitions in driving significant shifts in team dynamics and performance.
4.
The degree to which team members rely on other team members as the team carries out its work.
Explanation
Task interdependence refers to the degree to which team members rely on each other as they carry out their work. This concept is crucial in understanding how team functions are structured and how team members interact. High task interdependence means that the work performed by one member significantly affects the work of other members, requiring close coordination and cooperation. This can be seen in settings where the output of one member is directly used as an input by another member, or where members must work together closely to complete a task. Low interdependence, on the other hand, means that members can work more independently without as much need for coordination. Understanding task interdependence is essential for designing effective teams and managing their workflows efficiently.
5.
The degree to which members share the team goal and have personal goals that are aligned.
Explanation
Goal interdependence refers to the degree to which team members share a common team goal and have personal goals that are well-aligned with this team goal. This concept is critical in creating a cohesive team environment where all members are motivated to work together towards a shared objective. High goal interdependence ensures that individual members see their success as linked to the team's success, promoting collaboration and reducing conflicts. It is essential for maintaining team unity and driving collective effort, as it encourages members to support each other and contribute effectively to the team's objectives. Properly aligning team and individual goals can significantly enhance team performance and overall productivity.
6.
The degree to which team members share in the team rewards and outcomes.
Explanation
Outcome interdependence refers to the degree to which team members share in the rewards and outcomes of their collective work. This concept is pivotal in ensuring that all members feel invested in the team's success and are motivated to contribute their best efforts. When outcome interdependence is high, the successes and failures of the team are felt equally by all members, which can enhance solidarity and prompt members to support each other more actively. It often involves linked compensation, shared recognition, or collective bonuses, which help align individual members’ efforts with the team’s goals. Ensuring that all team members have a stake in the outcomes not only fosters a cooperative and supportive team environment but also drives collective accountability and performance.
7.
The mix of people who make up a team in terms of their characteristics.
Explanation
Team composition refers to the mix of people who make up a team, specifically in terms of their various characteristics such as skills, personalities, knowledge bases, and demographic factors. This composition is crucial because it determines how effectively a team can operate, collaborate, and achieve its goals. A well-balanced team composition typically includes a diverse range of skills and perspectives, allowing the team to tackle problems from different angles and come up with more innovative solutions. Additionally, understanding and strategically managing team composition can help in optimizing team dynamics, enhancing communication, and improving overall team performance by ensuring that the necessary roles and skills are adequately represented.
8.
A set of behaviors a person is expected to display in a given context.
Explanation
Role expectations refer to the set of behaviors that a person is expected to display in a given context, particularly within a team or organizational setting. These expectations are shaped by the specific role an individual plays within the group, such as a leader, facilitator, or supporter, and are crucial for defining how each team member contributes to the team's overall objectives. Role expectations help clarify responsibilities, guide behavior, and facilitate smoother interactions among team members by setting clear standards and norms for conduct. When these expectations are well-defined and understood, it helps prevent role ambiguity and conflict, enhancing team cohesion and efficiency.
9.
Diversity regarding observable characteristics.
Explanation
Surface-level diversity refers to diversity regarding observable characteristics such as age, race, gender, and physical abilities among team members. This type of diversity is immediately apparent and often forms the basis of initial perceptions and interactions within a group. While surface-level diversity can contribute to varied perspectives and experiences, it also poses challenges in terms of integration and communication if not managed effectively. Over time, the impact of surface-level diversity may diminish as team members get to know each other better and deeper, more meaningful traits and values come to the forefront, influencing team dynamics.
10.
Diversity regarding characteristics that are less directly observable.
Explanation
Deep-level diversity refers to diversity regarding characteristics that are less directly observable, such as values, beliefs, attitudes, and personality traits. Unlike surface-level diversity, which involves physical or demographic characteristics, deep-level diversity often has a more profound impact on team interactions over time. As team members work together and get to know each other better, these less visible differences begin to influence team dynamics more significantly than the more apparent surface-level characteristics. Deep-level diversity can enrich team discussions and decision-making processes by bringing a variety of perspectives and problem-solving approaches to the table, enhancing creativity and innovation. However, if not managed well, it can also lead to misunderstandings and conflicts due to differing worldviews and communication styles.
11.
Activities and interactions that occur within teams that contribute to their ultimate end goals.
Explanation
Team processes refer to the activities and interactions that occur within teams, which contribute to their ultimate end goals. These processes include communication, conflict resolution, coordination, motivation, and decision-making, among others. Effective team processes are vital for the smooth functioning and success of the team, as they ensure that tasks are completed efficiently and that team members work cooperatively towards shared objectives. Good team processes help to build trust, foster commitment, and enhance overall team performance. By optimizing these internal dynamics, teams can overcome challenges, leverage individual strengths in a collective manner, and achieve their goals more effectively.
12.
Extra effort expended in order to accomplish and integrate work in a team context.
Explanation
Coordination loss refers to the additional effort that is required to coordinate and integrate work within a team. This can occur when team members have different schedules, priorities, or communication styles, leading to miscommunication, delays, and inefficiencies. Coordination loss can result in wasted time and resources, decreased productivity, and a lack of synergy within the team. It is important for team members to actively communicate, collaborate, and align their efforts to minimize coordination loss and ensure effective teamwork.
13.
The reduction in motivation an individual experiences in a team setting.
Explanation
Motivational loss refers to the decrease in motivation that occurs when an individual is part of a team. In a team setting, individuals may feel less motivated because their efforts and contributions are diluted among the group. This can lead to a decrease in personal responsibility and a sense of diffusion of responsibility. Additionally, conflicts and disagreements within the team can also contribute to motivational loss. Overall, motivational loss highlights the negative impact that being part of a team can have on an individual's motivation.
14.
Activities of team members that relate directly to the accomplishment of team tasks.
Explanation
Taskwork processes refer to the activities of team members that directly contribute to the completion of team tasks. These processes involve the coordination, collaboration, and communication among team members to achieve the desired outcomes. Taskwork processes include planning, problem-solving, decision-making, and executing tasks. These processes are essential for the effective functioning of a team and the successful accomplishment of team goals.
15.
A face-to-face group meeting in which team members offer as many ideas as possible.
Explanation
Brainstorming is a technique used in group meetings where team members generate as many ideas as possible. It encourages open and creative thinking, allowing individuals to freely express their thoughts without judgment or criticism. This process often leads to the generation of innovative and unique ideas, as the focus is on quantity rather than quality. Brainstorming sessions are typically conducted in a face-to-face setting, where participants can actively engage with each other, build upon ideas, and spark new ones.
16.
An approach to generating ideas and solutions that involves both individual work and work in team meetings.
Explanation
The Nominal Group Technique is an approach to generating ideas and solutions that involves both individual work and work in team meetings. It allows each individual to independently generate ideas and then share them with the group. This technique encourages equal participation and avoids dominant individuals from taking over the discussion. It promotes creativity and collaboration by combining the benefits of individual thinking and group interaction.
17.
Interpersonal activities that facilitate the accomplishment of the team's work but do not directly involve task accomplishment itself.
Explanation
Teamwork processes refer to the interpersonal activities that support and enhance the overall functioning of a team. These activities focus on building relationships, improving communication, and fostering a positive team environment. While they may not directly involve task accomplishment, they are crucial for the team's success. Examples of teamwork processes include team building exercises, conflict resolution, and decision-making strategies. These processes help to promote collaboration, trust, and cohesion among team members, ultimately leading to more effective task accomplishment.
18.
Feelings and thoughts that coalesce in the minds of team members as a consequence of their experience working together.
Explanation
Team Mental Models are shared understandings or perceptions held by team members about how they operate together. These models encapsulate the collective knowledge and beliefs about key processes like decision-making, communication, and role expectations within the team. As team members interact and work together, they develop these shared mental schemas based on their experiences, which then guide future behaviors and interactions within the team. Effective team mental models facilitate smoother coordination and communication because they ensure that all members have similar expectations and understandings about how to approach their work together, leading to more synchronized and efficient team performance.
19.
Emotional attachment that tends to foster high levels of motivation and commitment to the team.
Explanation
Cohesion refers to the emotional attachment that team members have towards each other and the team. This emotional attachment creates a sense of unity and trust within the team, leading to higher levels of motivation and commitment. When team members feel connected and invested in the team's goals and success, they are more likely to work together effectively and support each other, resulting in increased cohesion.
20.
Teamwork processes have a ________________ effect on Team Performance.
Explanation
Teamwork processes have a moderate positive effect on team performance. This means that when team members effectively collaborate, communicate, and coordinate their efforts, it leads to improved performance outcomes. The moderate positive effect suggests that teamwork processes can significantly enhance team performance, but other factors such as individual skills, leadership, and task complexity also play a role. Overall, this answer highlights the importance of teamwork processes in driving positive outcomes for teams.
21.
Teamwork processes have a ______________ effect on Team Commitment.
Explanation
Teamwork processes have a strong positive effect on team commitment. This means that when a team engages in effective teamwork processes, it leads to a higher level of commitment among team members. These processes may include clear communication, collaboration, mutual support, and coordination, which foster a sense of unity and shared goals within the team. As a result, team members feel more motivated, dedicated, and invested in the team's success, leading to stronger commitment overall.
22.
Member Roles, Member Ability, Member Personality, Member Diversity, and Team Size are the five aspects of ___________.
Explanation
The five aspects mentioned - Member Roles, Member Ability, Member Personality, Member Diversity, and Team Size - all contribute to the overall composition of a team. Team Composition refers to the way in which these aspects are combined and organized within a team. By considering these factors, teams can be formed in a way that maximizes the strengths and abilities of individual members, promotes effective collaboration, and enhances overall team performance.
23.
Comprehensive, Reciprocal, Sequential, and Pooled are all forms of _____________.
Explanation
The given answer, "Team Interdependence," is the correct answer because the question asks for a term that encompasses all four forms mentioned - Comprehensive, Reciprocal, Sequential, and Pooled. Team Interdependence refers to the degree to which team members rely on and influence one another to achieve their goals. In all four forms, team members are interconnected and depend on each other's contributions, making Team Interdependence the appropriate term to describe this concept.
24.
_______________ interdependence is like an assembly line, in which different tasks are done in a specific order, and the group is structured such that the members specialize in these tasks.
Explanation
In a sequential interdependence, tasks are performed in a specific order, similar to an assembly line. This means that each task depends on the completion of the previous task before it can be started. The group is structured in a way that members specialize in specific tasks, allowing for efficient and coordinated workflow. This type of interdependence ensures that tasks are completed in a logical sequence, minimizing delays and maximizing productivity.
25.
__________________ interdependence has the lowest degree of required coordination. Group members complete their tasks independently, and then this work is "piled up" to represent the group's output.
Explanation
Pooled interdependence represents the simplest form of coordination among team members. In this structure, individuals work independently on separate tasks with minimal direct interaction. The contributions from each member are then aggregated to produce a collective output. This type of interdependence is common in settings where the overall project's success relies on the sum of its parts, rather than the interaction between them. It's often seen in large organizations where different departments contribute to the same end goal without needing to coordinate closely with one another. Pooled interdependence is efficient for tasks that require less collaboration and more individual contribution.
26.
_________________ interdependence is when members are specialized to perform a specific task, and they interact with a subset of other members to complete the team's work.
Explanation
Reciprocal interdependence is characterized by a complex coordination system where team members rely directly on each other in a give-and-take manner. Each member specializes in a particular task but must interact closely with others whose tasks are interlinked with theirs. For example, in a healthcare setting, a surgeon and an anesthesiologist work reciprocally—the surgeon depends on the anesthesiologist to manage patient consciousness and pain, while the anesthesiologist relies on the surgeon's timely and precise procedures. This type of interdependence necessitates frequent communication and coordination, ensuring that tasks flow smoothly between interconnected roles.
27.
__________________ interdependence requires the highest level of interaction and coordination among members as they try to accomplish work. Each member has a great deal of discretion in terms of whom he/she interacts with.
Explanation
Comprehensive interdependence requires the highest level of interaction and coordination among members as they try to accomplish work. Each member has a great deal of discretion in terms of whom he/she interacts with. This type of interdependence involves extensive collaboration and communication, as tasks are highly interconnected and the input from one team member often directly influences the work of others across the team.
28.
When members have to wait on one another before they can do their part of the team task.
Correct Answer
A. Production blocking
Explanation
Production blocking refers to a situation where team members have to wait on one another before they can perform their individual tasks in a team project. This can occur due to various reasons such as limited resources, lack of communication, or dependency on others' work. As a result, the overall productivity of the team may be hindered, leading to delays in completing the task. Therefore, production blocking is the correct answer as it accurately describes the given scenario.
29.
Getting less from the ream than you would expect based on the capabilities of its individual members.
Correct Answer
B. Process loss
Explanation
Process loss refers to the decrease in productivity or efficiency that occurs when a group or team is working together. It is the result of various factors such as communication barriers, coordination problems, and time constraints. In this context, the given statement suggests that the group is not achieving the expected output or performance level due to process loss. This could be due to obstacles in the production process that hinder the team from fully utilizing their individual capabilities, resulting in lower productivity.
30.
Getting more from the team than you would expect according to the capabilites of its individual members.
Correct Answer
B. Process gain
Explanation
Process gain refers to the ability of a team to achieve more output or productivity than what would be expected based solely on the capabilities of its individual members. It indicates that the team's collaborative efforts and coordination have resulted in increased efficiency and effectiveness in the production process. This term highlights the positive impact of teamwork and synergy in maximizing productivity and achieving better results.
31.
This is most critical in situations in which the complexity of the work is high or tasks require combinations of members' knowledge, skills, and high efforts to solve problems.
Correct Answer
C. Synergy
Explanation
Synergy refers to the combined efforts and collaboration of team members to achieve a greater outcome than what could be achieved individually. In situations where the complexity of the work is high or tasks require a combination of members' knowledge, skills, and efforts to solve problems, synergy becomes most critical. It allows for the pooling of resources, ideas, and expertise, leading to increased productivity and effectiveness. By working together and leveraging each other's strengths, teams can achieve higher levels of success and accomplish tasks that would be challenging or impossible to achieve individually.
32.
Transition, Action, and Interpersonal are all types of ________________.
Correct Answer
A. Teamwork Processes
Explanation
Transition, Action, and Interpersonal are all types of teamwork processes. These processes refer to the specific actions and interactions that occur within a team to achieve a common goal. Transition processes involve preparing and planning for the work ahead, such as goal setting and strategy development. Action processes involve the actual execution of the work, including task coordination and information sharing. Interpersonal processes focus on the relationships and interactions among team members, such as communication and conflict management. These teamwork processes are essential for effective collaboration and achieving team objectives.
33.
Teamwork activities that focus on preparation for future work. Includes mission analysis, strategy formulation, and goal specification.
Correct Answer
A. Transitional Processes
Explanation
Transitional processes are teamwork activities that focus on preparing for future work. These include important steps like mission analysis, where the team looks at the task ahead and figures out what needs to be done; strategy formulation, where they decide how they are going to do it; and goal specification, where they set clear targets for what they hope to achieve. This preparation is crucial for helping the team to be organized and focused, setting them up for successful action when it's time to start the actual work.
34.
Important as the taskwork is being accomplished. Can include systems monitoring, helping behavior, and coordination.
Correct Answer
B. Action Processes
Explanation
Action processes are crucial while the taskwork is being done. These include activities like systems monitoring, where team members keep an eye on how well their systems and procedures are working; helping behavior, where they support each other to ensure tasks are completed; and coordination, which involves organizing their efforts in a smooth and efficient way. Action processes are all about making sure that the actual work is carried out effectively and that the team is functioning well during the performance of their tasks.
35.
The processes in this category are important before, during, or in between periods of taskwork, and each relates to the manner in which team members manage their relationships. Includes motivating/confidence building, affect management, conflict management, relationship conflict, and task conflict.
Correct Answer
C. Interpersonal Processes
Explanation
Interpersonal Processes are the correct answer because they involve the management of relationships among team members. These processes are important before, during, or in between periods of taskwork. They include motivating/confidence building, affect management, conflict management, relationship conflict, and task conflict. These processes focus on how team members interact with each other and maintain positive relationships, which is crucial for effective teamwork.
36.
Designed to be relatively permanent with the purpose of producing goods or services. Generally require a full-time commitment from members. Vary in autonomy.
Correct Answer
A. Work Teams
Explanation
Work teams are designed to be relatively permanent with the purpose of producing goods or services. They generally require a full-time commitment from members and vary in autonomy. Unlike management teams, parallel teams, project teams, and action teams, work teams are focused on the ongoing production of goods or services rather than specific projects or tasks.
37.
Relatively permanent teams in which members are responsible for coordinating the activities of organizational subunits.
Correct Answer
B. Management Teams
Explanation
Management teams are relatively permanent teams in which members are responsible for coordinating the activities of organizational subunits. These teams are typically composed of managers from different departments or functional areas within an organization. They work together to make decisions, set goals, allocate resources, and monitor performance. Management teams play a crucial role in ensuring that the organization's overall objectives are achieved and that different parts of the organization are working in sync. They are responsible for strategic planning, policy-making, and overseeing the implementation of plans and policies throughout the organization.
38.
Composed of members from various jobs who provide recommendations to managers about important issues that are related to the organization's production process. Require only a part-time commitment and can be temporary or permanent. Ex. Quality control team or committees
Correct Answer
C. Parallel Teams
Explanation
Parallel teams are composed of members from various jobs who provide recommendations to managers about important issues that are related to the organization's production process. These teams require only a part-time commitment and can be temporary or permanent. They are usually formed to address specific problems or projects and have the authority to make decisions and implement changes. Examples of parallel teams include quality control teams or committees.
39.
Formed to take on "one time" tasks that are generally complex and require a lot of input from members with different types of training and expertise.
Correct Answer
D. Project Teams
Explanation
Project teams are formed to handle tasks that are usually complex and require input from members with diverse training and expertise. Unlike other types of teams, project teams are specifically created for one-time tasks or projects. These teams bring together individuals with different skill sets and knowledge to collaborate and achieve a specific goal or deliver a particular outcome. Project teams are temporary in nature and disband once the project is completed.
40.
Perform tasks that are normally limited in duration. However, these tasks are quite complex and take place in contexts that are either highly visible to an audience or of a highly challenging nature. Vary in the time they stay together. Ex. Bands or surgical teams
Correct Answer
E. Action Teams
Explanation
Action teams are a type of team that is formed to perform tasks that are typically limited in duration. These tasks are often complex and take place in contexts that are either highly visible to an audience or of a highly challenging nature. Action teams can vary in the time they stay together and can include examples such as bands or surgical teams. Unlike other types of teams mentioned in the question, action teams are specifically focused on executing specific actions or tasks rather than long-term management or project-based work.
41.
Creative Behavior and Decision Making make up _______________.
Correct Answer
A. Taskwork Processes
Explanation
Creative Behavior and Decision Making make up Taskwork Processes. Taskwork Processes refer to the activities and behaviors that individuals engage in to accomplish their tasks and goals. Creative behavior involves generating new and innovative ideas, while decision making involves evaluating options and making choices. Both of these processes are essential for effectively completing tasks and achieving desired outcomes.
42.
In decision making, __________________ reflects whether members possess adequate information about their own task responsibilities.
Correct Answer
A. Decision informity
Explanation
Decision informity refers to the extent to which members of a group have access to the necessary information about their own task responsibilities. This means that they possess adequate information to make informed decisions. Staff validity, on the other hand, refers to the extent to which the members' skills and expertise are relevant and useful for the task at hand. Hierarchial sensitivity is not a term commonly used in decision making and does not relate to the given question. Therefore, the correct answer is decision informity.
43.
In decision making, __________________ is the degree to which members make good recommendations to the leader.
Correct Answer
B. Staff validity
Explanation
Staff validity refers to the extent to which members of a team or organization are able to provide accurate and reliable information or recommendations to their leader during the decision-making process. It indicates the level of trust and confidence that the leader has in the expertise and judgment of their staff members. A high level of staff validity suggests that the members consistently offer valuable insights and suggestions, leading to better decision outcomes.
44.
In decision making, __________________ is the degree to which the leader effectively weighs the members' recommendations.
Correct Answer
C. Hierarchial sensitivity
Explanation
Hierarchical sensitivity refers to the degree to which a leader effectively considers and values the recommendations of their team members in the decision-making process. It indicates the leader's ability to recognize and appreciate the expertise and insights of their subordinates, and their willingness to incorporate their input into the final decision. This promotes a collaborative and inclusive decision-making environment, where diverse perspectives are acknowledged and respected.
45.
In Team States, __________________ tends to foster high levels of motivation and commitment.
Correct Answer
A. Cohesion
Explanation
Cohesion tends to foster high levels of motivation and commitment in Team States. Cohesion refers to the degree of unity, togetherness, and solidarity among team members. When a team is cohesive, members feel a strong sense of belonging and trust, which in turn leads to increased motivation and commitment to the team's goals. Cohesion also promotes effective communication, cooperation, and collaboration among team members, enhancing their overall performance and productivity.
46.
In Team States, __________________ refers to the degree to which members believe that the team can be effective across a variety of situations and tasks.
Correct Answer
B. Potency
Explanation
Potency refers to the degree to which members believe that the team can be effective across a variety of situations and tasks. This means that team members have confidence in the team's ability to perform well and achieve success in different contexts. Potency is important for team effectiveness as it enhances motivation, coordination, and collaboration among team members. It also helps in building trust and a shared sense of purpose within the team.
47.
In Team States, __________________ refers to the level of common understanding among team members with regard to important aspects of the team and its task.
Correct Answer
C. Mental Models
Explanation
Mental models refer to the level of common understanding among team members with regard to important aspects of the team and its task. This means that team members share a similar perception and understanding of how the team operates and what needs to be done. Mental models help in enhancing communication, coordination, and collaboration within the team, leading to improved performance and effectiveness.