Microbiology Unit IV: Antibiotics

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| By Jacobm909

Jacobm909

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Quizzes Created: 4 | Total Attempts: 758

Questions: 13 | Attempts: 210 | Updated: Mar 20, 2023

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Questions and Answers

1.

Antibiotics can take action in which (5) ways...

Explanation
The given answer correctly lists the five ways in which antibiotics can take action. Antibiotics can inhibit cell wall synthesis, which weakens the cell walls of bacteria and prevents them from growing and dividing. They can also inhibit protein synthesis, which disrupts the production of essential proteins in bacteria. Additionally, antibiotics can damage the plasma membrane of bacteria, causing their contents to leak out. They can inhibit DNA transcription, which prevents the bacteria from replicating their genetic material. Finally, antibiotics can inhibit enzymes, which are essential for various metabolic processes in bacteria.

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2.

Antibiotics inhibit protien synthesis by....

Explanation
Antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis by binding onto ribosomes. Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. When antibiotics bind onto ribosomes, they interfere with the normal functioning of these structures, preventing them from carrying out their role in protein synthesis. This disruption in protein synthesis can lead to the inhibition of bacterial growth and the elimination of bacterial infections.

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3.

Why does the inhibition of protien synthesis by antibiotics not affect humans negatively?

Explanation
Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis target bacterial ribosomes, which have a different shape compared to human ribosomes. This difference in shape allows antibiotics to specifically bind to bacterial ribosomes and prevent protein synthesis, while not affecting human ribosomes. Therefore, the inhibition of protein synthesis by antibiotics does not negatively affect humans because our ribosomes are structurally different.

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4.

Antibiotic resistance results from what?

Explanation
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria undergo natural mutations in their genetic material. These mutations can lead to changes in the bacteria's DNA, allowing them to develop resistance to antibiotics. Over time, these resistant bacteria can multiply and spread, making it more difficult to treat infections. Therefore, the correct answer is natural mutations.

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5.

Anitbiotic resistance is most commonly built by what?

Explanation
Antibiotic resistance is primarily developed through the production and transfer of plasmids carrying resistant genes. Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that can be easily transferred between bacteria. These plasmids often carry genes that provide resistance to antibiotics. When bacteria acquire these plasmids, they gain the ability to survive and multiply in the presence of antibiotics, leading to antibiotic resistance. This transfer of plasmids can occur through processes like conjugation, where bacteria directly exchange genetic material, or through transformation, where bacteria take up free-floating DNA from the environment.

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6.

One method of resistance is enzyme production. How does this work?

Explanation
Enzyme production is a method of resistance where bacteria produce enzymes that break down antibiotics through metabolic processes. These enzymes can modify or destroy the antibiotic molecules, rendering them ineffective in killing the bacteria. This mechanism allows the bacteria to survive and continue to multiply, leading to antibiotic resistance. By breaking down the antibiotic, the bacteria can neutralize its effects and evade its intended purpose of killing the bacteria.

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7.

One method of resistance is mutation. Where does this occur and how does it work?

Explanation
The plasma membrane acts as a barrier that prevents antibiotics from entering the cell. This resistance mechanism occurs at the site of the plasma membrane, where the membrane structure and composition prevent the antibiotics from crossing and reaching their target inside the cell. This mechanism can be a result of mutations in the genes that code for the membrane proteins or enzymes involved in antibiotic uptake, leading to changes in the membrane's permeability and effectively blocking the entry of antibiotics into the cell.

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8.

Mutation within the cell does what?

Explanation
A mutation within a cell can result in changes to the shape of molecules within the cell. In the context of antibiotics, this can lead to a change in the shape of the target molecule that the antibiotic binds to. This change in shape can prevent the antibiotic from effectively binding to its target, reducing its effectiveness in killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

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9.

An example of a mutation from within the cell in order to build resistance would be what?

Explanation
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis within the cell. They are not involved in mutations or building resistance directly. Therefore, the given answer is incorrect and does not provide a suitable explanation.

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10.

One method of resistance is pumping mechanisms. These do what?

Explanation
Pumping mechanisms in resistance refer to the ability of certain cells to actively remove antibiotics from their interior. This process allows the cells to maintain a lower concentration of the antibiotic, preventing it from reaching toxic levels and enabling them to survive. By pumping the antibiotic out of the cell, the resistance mechanism ensures that the drug is unable to effectively kill the bacteria, reducing its effectiveness and promoting the survival of resistant strains.

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11.

The SOS response is developed by bacteria under what condition?

Explanation
The SOS response is a mechanism developed by bacteria when their DNA is injured by antibiotics. This response is a protective mechanism that allows bacteria to repair the damaged DNA and survive in the presence of antibiotics. The SOS response involves the activation of specific genes that are responsible for DNA repair and mutagenesis. By inducing this response, bacteria can increase their chances of survival and develop resistance to antibiotics.

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12.

The SOS response does what?

Explanation
The SOS response is a DNA damage response mechanism that is activated when a cell's DNA is damaged. It helps the cell survive by inducing the expression of various genes involved in DNA repair, such as those encoding DNA polymerases and DNA repair enzymes. This activation allows the cell to repair the damaged DNA and maintain genomic integrity. Therefore, the correct answer is that the SOS response activates repressed genes involved in DNA repair.

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13.

The SOS response has two steps, which are:

Explanation
The SOS response is a regulatory mechanism in bacteria that is activated in response to DNA damage. It helps the cell cope with the damage by inducing the expression of genes involved in DNA repair. One step of the SOS response is the generation of DNA repair enzymes, which are proteins that can fix DNA lesions. The other step is the inhibition of cell division or fission, which allows the cell to focus its resources on repairing the DNA instead of dividing. This response is crucial for the survival of bacteria in the presence of DNA damage.

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Current Version
Mar 20, 2023

Quiz Edited by
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Apr 29, 2013

Quiz Created by
Jacobm909

Microbiology Unit IV: Antibiotics

Antibiotics can take action in which (5) ways...

Antibiotics inhibit protien synthesis by....

Why does the inhibition of protien synthesis by antibiotics not affect humans negatively?

Antibiotic resistance results from what?

Anitbiotic resistance is most commonly built by what?

One method of resistance is enzyme production. How does this work?

One method of resistance is mutation. Where does this occur and how does it work?

Mutation within the cell does what?

An example of a mutation from within the cell in order to build resistance would be what?

One method of resistance is pumping mechanisms. These do what?

The SOS response is developed by bacteria under what condition?

The SOS response does what?

The SOS response has two steps, which are: