Microorganism (Practice Exam) - Www.Rnpedia.Com
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- 1.
Which of the following structures contains genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance?
- A.
Plasmid
- B.
Pilus
- C.
Capsule
- D.
Plasma Membrane
Correct Answer
A. PlasmidExplanation
Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the chromosomal DNA. They are commonly found in bacteria and contain genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance. These genes allow bacteria to produce enzymes that aid in various metabolic processes and also to resist the effects of antibiotics. Therefore, plasmids are the structures that contain genes for enzymes and antibiotic resistance.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is the most important structure related to microbial attachment to cells?
- A.
Flagellum
- B.
Plasmid
- C.
Peptidoglycan
- D.
Glycocalix
Correct Answer
D. GlycocalixExplanation
The glycocalix is a gelatinous layer that surrounds the cell membrane of some bacteria. It plays a crucial role in microbial attachment to cells as it allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and form biofilms. This structure provides protection against environmental stresses and helps bacteria to resist the immune system. It also facilitates the exchange of nutrients and signals between bacteria and their host cells. Therefore, the glycocalix is considered the most important structure related to microbial attachment to cells.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following is not a gram-negative bug?
- A.
Clostridium perfringens
- B.
Vibrio cholerae
- C.
Escherichia coli
- D.
Bordetella pertussis
Correct Answer
A. Clostridium perfringensExplanation
Clostridium perfringens is not a gram-negative bug. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane, while Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive bacterium that lacks the outer membrane.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is not true related to endotoxins?
- A.
Endotoxins are secreted from cells.
- B.
Can be linked to Meningococcemia
- C.
Produced by gram negative microorganisms
- D.
Can cause fever
Correct Answer
A. Endotoxins are secreted from cells.Explanation
Endotoxins are not secreted from cells. They are a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and are released when the bacteria are destroyed or undergo lysis. They can be linked to Meningococcemia and can cause fever.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following microorganisms stain well?
- A.
Escherichia coli
- B.
Legionella pneumophila
- C.
Treponema
- D.
Chlamydia
Correct Answer
A. Escherichia coliExplanation
Escherichia coli stains well because it is a gram-negative bacterium. Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, which allows the crystal violet stain to wash out more easily. This makes it easier for the counterstain, safranin, to be taken up and for the bacteria to appear pink under a microscope. Legionella pneumophila, Treponema, and Chlamydia are all gram-negative bacteria as well, but they may not stain as well due to variations in their cell wall composition or other factors.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which of the following microorganisms are not matched correctly with the appropriate isolation media?
- A.
Fungi - Sabourand's agar
- B.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae – Pink colonies media
- C.
Haemophilus influenzae – Chocolate agar
- D.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Lowenstein-Jensen agar
Correct Answer
B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae – Pink colonies mediaExplanation
The correct answer is Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Pink colonies media. This is because Neisseria gonorrhoeae is typically isolated on selective media such as Thayer-Martin agar or Modified Thayer-Martin agar, which contains antibiotics to inhibit the growth of other bacteria. Pink colonies media does not specifically select for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and is not the appropriate isolation media for this microorganism.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following diseases and bacteria are matched up incorrectly?
- A.
Cellulitis – Pasteurella multocida
- B.
Tularemia – Francisella tularensis
- C.
Gastritis – Heliobacter pylori
- D.
Lyme disease – Yersinia pestis
Correct Answer
D. Lyme disease – Yersinia pestisExplanation
The given answer is correct because Lyme disease is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, not Yersinia pestis. Yersinia pestis is the bacteria responsible for causing bubonic plague.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following diseases and bacteria are matched up incorrectly?
- A.
Treponema pallidum – Syphilis
- B.
Tinea nigra – Cladosporium werneckii
- C.
Borrelia burgdorferi – Lyme disease
- D.
Yersinia enterocolitica – Diptheria
Correct Answer
D. Yersinia enterocolitica – Diptheria -
- 9.
Which of the following is not true concerning Staphylococcus aureus?
- A.
S. aureus is related to inflammation.
- B.
S. aureus can cause pneumonia
- C.
S. aureus can lead to acute bacterial endocarditis
- D.
S. aureus does not make coagulase
Correct Answer
D. S. aureus does not make coagulaseExplanation
Coagulase is an enzyme produced by Staphylococcus aureus that causes the formation of blood clots. This ability is one of the characteristics that distinguish S. aureus from other staphylococci. Therefore, the statement that S. aureus does not make coagulase is not true.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following signs and symptoms is not linked to Haemophilus influenzae?
- A.
Otitis media
- B.
Pneumonia
- C.
Malaria
- D.
Epiglottis
Correct Answer
C. MalariaExplanation
Haemophilus influenzae is a bacterium that can cause various infections, including otitis media (middle ear infection), pneumonia, and epiglottitis (inflammation of the epiglottis). However, malaria is a parasitic infection caused by Plasmodium parasites and is not linked to Haemophilus influenzae. Therefore, the correct answer is "Malaria."Rate this question:
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- 11.
The Tsetse fly is a transmission factor for which of the following organisms?
- A.
Trichomonas vaginalis
- B.
Trypanosoma gambiense
- C.
Entamoeba histolytica
- D.
Toxoplasma
Correct Answer
B. Trypanosoma gambienseExplanation
The Tsetse fly is a transmission factor for Trypanosoma gambiense. This means that the Tsetse fly can carry and transmit Trypanosoma gambiense, a parasite that causes African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The Ixodes tick is a transmission factor for which of the following organisms?
- A.
Trichomonas vaginalis
- B.
Leishmania donovani
- C.
Babesia
- D.
Giardia lamblia
Correct Answer
C. BabesiaExplanation
The Ixodes tick is a transmission factor for Babesia. Babesia is a parasitic protozoan that infects red blood cells and causes a disease called babesiosis. The Ixodes tick is known to be a vector for transmitting Babesia to humans and animals. This tick species is commonly found in regions where babesiosis is endemic, such as certain parts of the United States and Europe.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Chagas' disease is commonly treated with Nifurtimox and is linked to the ____ microorganism.
- A.
Naegleria
- B.
Schistosoma
- C.
Wucheria bancrofti
- D.
Trypanosoma cruzi
Correct Answer
D. Trypanosoma cruziExplanation
Chagas' disease is commonly treated with Nifurtimox, which suggests that the disease is caused by the microorganism Trypanosoma cruzi.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is not fungal related?
- A.
Cryptococcus neoformans
- B.
Candida albicans
- C.
Tinea nigra
- D.
Chlamydiae
Correct Answer
D. ChlamydiaeExplanation
Chlamydiae is not fungal related because it is a type of bacteria, specifically an obligate intracellular parasite. It causes a number of diseases in humans and animals, such as chlamydia, which is a sexually transmitted infection. In contrast, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans are both types of fungi that can cause infections in humans. Tinea nigra is a superficial fungal infection of the skin.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following is not a DNA virus?
- A.
Adenovirus
- B.
Calicivirus
- C.
Papovirus
- D.
Poxvirus
Correct Answer
B. CalicivirusExplanation
Calicivirus is not a DNA virus. Adenovirus, Papovirus, and Poxvirus are all DNA viruses. Calicivirus, on the other hand, is an RNA virus. RNA viruses have RNA as their genetic material instead of DNA.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following is not a RNA virus?
- A.
Reovirus
- B.
Orthomyxovirus
- C.
Deltavirus
- D.
Herpesvirus
Correct Answer
D. HerpesvirusExplanation
Herpesvirus is not a RNA virus because it belongs to the family Herpesviridae which contains double-stranded DNA as its genetic material. RNA viruses, on the other hand, have RNA as their genetic material. Reovirus, Orthomyxovirus, and Deltavirus are all examples of RNA viruses.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which of the following viruses is not a double strand linear DNA virus?
- A.
Poxvirus
- B.
Papovavirus
- C.
Adenovirus
- D.
Herpesvirus
Correct Answer
B. PapovavirusExplanation
Papovavirus is not a double strand linear DNA virus. Poxvirus, Adenovirus, and Herpesvirus are all examples of double strand linear DNA viruses.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following viruses is not a single strand linear RNA virus?
- A.
Togavirus
- B.
Retrovirus
- C.
Bunyavirus
- D.
Picornavirus
Correct Answer
C. BunyavirusExplanation
Bunyavirus is not a single strand linear RNA virus. It is a segmented RNA virus, meaning that its genome is composed of multiple separate RNA segments. Togavirus, Retrovirus, and Picornavirus are all single strand linear RNA viruses.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The Tzanck test is not used on which of the following viruses?
- A.
VZV
- B.
HSV-2
- C.
HHV-8
- D.
HSV-1
Correct Answer
C. HHV-8Explanation
The Tzanck test is a diagnostic test used to identify viral infections by examining cells from a skin lesion under a microscope. It is commonly used for viruses like VZV (Varicella-zoster virus), HSV-1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1), and HSV-2 (Herpes simplex virus type 2). However, HHV-8 (Human herpesvirus 8) is not typically tested using the Tzanck test. Therefore, HHV-8 is the correct answer as it is not included in the list of viruses that the Tzanck test is used for.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following microorganisms has not been linked to UTI's?
- A.
E. coli
- B.
Pseudomonas
- C.
Klebsiella
- D.
Haemophilus
Correct Answer
D. HaemopHilusExplanation
Haemophilus has not been linked to UTIs. UTIs are commonly caused by bacteria such as E. coli, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella. Haemophilus is typically associated with respiratory infections rather than urinary tract infections.Rate this question:
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