The Laws Of Thermodynamics!

When water and metallic sodium react violently, it is an exothermic reaction. This means that heat is released during the reaction. The heat released will transfer to the surroundings, including the calorimeter. As a result, the temperature in the calorimeter will increase.

Entropy is a measure of randomness or disorder. It quantifies the level of uncertainty or unpredictability in a system. In thermodynamics, it is used to describe the dispersal of energy within a system. A higher entropy means a higher level of disorder, while a lower entropy indicates a more ordered state. Therefore, entropy is the correct answer to the question as it directly relates to the measure of randomness or disorder.

Heat will flow from the cup of hot water to the bathtub full of cool water. This is because heat always flows from a higher temperature to a lower temperature. The cup of hot water has a higher temperature compared to the bathtub full of cool water, so heat will naturally transfer from the cup to the bathtub until both reach an equilibrium temperature.

When the blue and yellow cups touch, heat will be transferred from the blue cup to the yellow cup. This is because heat naturally flows from a higher temperature to a lower temperature. As the heat is transferred, the temperature of the blue cup will decrease and the temperature of the yellow cup will increase. Eventually, after equilibrium is established, both cups will have the same temperature.

A beaker with sulphuric acid diluted in water represents an open system because it can exchange matter (the acid and water) with its surroundings. In an open system, there is a flow of matter and energy between the system and its surroundings.

The energy of motion is referred to as kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. It is dependent on the mass and velocity of the object. When an object is in motion, it has the potential to do work and can transfer its energy to other objects or systems. Therefore, kinetic energy is the correct term to describe the energy of motion.

The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can only be transferred or converted from one form to another. This law is based on the principle of the conservation of energy, which states that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant. In other words, energy is always conserved and cannot be created or destroyed.

When dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) is in a reaction chamber, it solidifies at -78.5 degrees. Since the temperature of the dry ice is lower than the temperature of the calorimeter, heat will flow from the calorimeter to the dry ice, causing the temperature in the calorimeter to decrease.

The correct answer is the 3rd law of thermodynamics. This law states that as the temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a pure crystalline solid becomes zero. At absolute zero, all molecular motion stops, and the particles are in their lowest energy state, resulting in zero entropy. This law provides a fundamental understanding of the behavior of matter at extremely low temperatures.

The correct answer is water requires more energy to increase the temperature. This is because specific heat capacity is a measure of how much energy is required to raise the temperature of a substance by a certain amount. Since water has a higher specific heat capacity than oil, it requires more energy to increase its temperature compared to oil.

A thermometer measures temperature by coming into thermal equilibrium with the object it is placed in. This means that it absorbs or releases heat until it reaches the same temperature as the object. Therefore, a thermometer does register its own heat because it is affected by the temperature of its surroundings.

A hot water bottle filled with hot water is an example of a closed system because it is isolated from its surroundings and does not exchange matter with its environment. The heat from the hot water is retained within the bottle, and the bottle itself acts as a barrier preventing any exchange of matter or energy with the outside.

The "Oth" law of thermodynamics states that if two systems, A and B, are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, C, then A and C are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. This law establishes the concept of temperature as a measurable quantity and provides a foundation for the study of thermal equilibrium and heat transfer.

The correct answer is "isolated." In a calorimeter whose reaction vessel is full of a gaseous mixture, an isolated system would be the most appropriate choice. An isolated system is one that does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings. This is necessary to accurately measure the heat transfer during the reaction in the calorimeter.

The given answer, 1st law of thermodynamics, is correct because it states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to another. In this case, the chemical energy in the muscles is converted to mechanical energy (muscle contraction) and heat energy is lost in the process. This conversion of energy aligns with the principles of the 1st law of thermodynamics.

When two objects are in contact, they will eventually have the same temperature because heat will flow from the object with higher temperature to the object with lower temperature until they reach thermal equilibrium. In thermal equilibrium, the objects have the same temperature and there is no net heat transfer between them. Additionally, in thermal equilibrium, the objects will have the same average kinetic energy for their particles since temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. Therefore, all of the statements mentioned in the answer are correct.

The image most likely depicts the second law of thermodynamics. This law states that in any energy transfer or transformation, the total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time. The image may illustrate a process where energy is being transferred or transformed, leading to an increase in entropy.