1.
If I am in a relationship with someone in which I help them just to satisfy their needs, without tracking how many times I have benefitted them vs. how many times they have benefitted me; I am in what kind of relationship?
Correct Answer
D. Communal
Explanation
In a communal relationship, the focus is on mutual care and support without keeping score or expecting something in return. It is characterized by a selfless and unconditional giving, where both individuals prioritize the well-being and happiness of the other person. This type of relationship is based on trust, empathy, and a genuine desire to help and support each other, rather than on a transactional exchange of favors or keeping track of who benefits more.
2.
Which of the following factors would increase one’s desire (situationally) for a relationship?
Correct Answer
E. All of the above
Explanation
All of the factors listed - social ostracism, lowered self-esteem, and an awareness of one's own mortality - can increase one's desire for a relationship. Social ostracism can lead individuals to seek companionship and acceptance in a relationship. Lowered self-esteem may make individuals crave validation and support from a partner. An awareness of one's own mortality can prompt individuals to seek meaningful connections and a sense of legacy through a relationship. Therefore, all of these factors can contribute to an increased desire for a relationship.
3.
Jordan is highly committed to his relationship partner, whereas Blake is much less committed to his partner. Which of the following is NOT a major difference between Jordan and Blake in terms of how they perceive their relationships and other potential mates?
Correct Answer
A. Blake is less likely to end his current relationship than is Jordan
Explanation
Blake being less likely to end his current relationship than Jordan is not a major difference between them in terms of how they perceive their relationships and other potential mates. The other options all highlight significant differences between Jordan and Blake in terms of their commitment, imagination, awareness, and interest in other potential mates.
4.
Tim and Tanye are in a relationship. They have both passion and commitment to one another, but they have not developed intimacy. According to Sternberg’s (1986) Triarchic Theory of Love, what kind of love does Tim and Tanye share?
Correct Answer
C. Fatuous
Explanation
Tim and Tanye share a fatuous love according to Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Love. Fatuous love is characterized by passion and commitment, but lacking intimacy. This means that Tim and Tanye may have a strong physical and emotional connection, but they have not yet developed a deep emotional bond or understanding of each other.
5.
What is the number one factor in determining who people will “end up with” in a long-term relationship?
Correct Answer
B. pHysical proximity
Explanation
Physical proximity refers to the closeness or nearness of individuals in terms of physical location. In the context of a long-term relationship, physical proximity plays a significant role in determining who people will "end up with". When individuals are in close proximity to each other, they have more opportunities to interact, get to know each other, and develop a relationship. Proximity facilitates regular contact, which can lead to increased familiarity, shared experiences, and the formation of emotional bonds. Therefore, physical proximity is considered the number one factor in determining who people will end up with in a long-term relationship.
6.
Which of the following is perceived as the most attractive waist-to-hip ratio for women and wait-to-shoulder ratio for men?
Correct Answer
D. .7
Explanation
The most attractive waist-to-hip ratio for women is typically perceived as 0.7. This ratio indicates that the waist measurement is approximately 70% of the hip measurement. Research suggests that a waist-to-hip ratio of 0.7 is associated with optimal fertility and health in women, which may explain why it is perceived as more attractive. However, it is important to note that perceptions of attractiveness can vary across cultures and individuals.
7.
Your psychological attraction to someone is best defined as how much you:
Correct Answer
A. Like and want to affiliate with that person
Explanation
Psychological attraction refers to the level of liking and desire to affiliate with someone. It encompasses the emotional connection and the willingness to form a bond with that person. This attraction is not solely based on sexual desires or physical arousal but rather on the interest and affinity felt towards the individual.
8.
Which of the following is NOT one of the “Four Horsemen of the Relationship Apocalypse” (factors that are related to relationship dissolution), according to Gottman?
Correct Answer
A. Defensiveness
Explanation
Defensiveness is not one of the "Four Horsemen of the Relationship Apocalypse" according to Gottman. The Four Horsemen, as identified by Gottman, are contempt, criticism, stonewalling, and defensiveness. These four factors are behaviors that can lead to relationship dissolution. Defensiveness, on the other hand, refers to the act of protecting oneself from perceived attacks or criticism. While it can be a negative behavior in relationships, it is not specifically listed as one of the Four Horsemen in Gottman's research.
9.
Which of the following examples best demonstrates how operant conditioning can influence perceived physical attractiveness?
Correct Answer
B. Deon’s friends made fun of him when he told them he thought that a certain celebrity was gorgeous
Explanation
Deon's friends making fun of him when he expressed his attraction towards a certain celebrity demonstrates how operant conditioning can influence perceived physical attractiveness. Deon's friends' negative response to his preference may have caused him to feel embarrassed or ashamed, leading him to associate his attraction towards the celebrity with negative consequences. As a result, Deon may be less likely to express his attraction towards similar looking individuals in the future, thereby influencing his perceived physical attractiveness.
10.
Drake wants to get the attention of his crush, but most of his own ideas probably won’t work. Based on your knowledge of relationships research, which of these would you suggest he try?
Correct Answer
D. Increase the number of interactions they have. The more Drake is around, the more familiar he’ll become!
Explanation
Increasing the number of interactions they have is suggested because research shows that familiarity breeds attraction. The more Drake is around his crush, the more opportunities they have to get to know each other and develop a connection. This strategy increases the chances of his crush becoming familiar and comfortable with him, which can lead to a potential romantic relationship.
11.
Research has demonstrated that increased commitment to one’s relationship partner leads to what?
Correct Answer
E. All of the above
Explanation
Increased commitment to one's relationship partner leads to less aggressive behavior toward the partner, less time imagining oneself with other potential partners, and less interest in pursuing other potential partners. Research has shown that when individuals are more committed to their partner, they are less likely to engage in aggressive behaviors, such as verbal or physical abuse. Additionally, increased commitment reduces the desire to imagine oneself with other potential partners and decreases the interest in pursuing other romantic options. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.
12.
True or False: Psychological attraction is synonymous with physical attraction.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Psychological attraction and physical attraction are not synonymous. While physical attraction is based on a person's physical appearance and features, psychological attraction refers to the emotional and intellectual connection between individuals. Psychological attraction involves shared values, interests, and a deep understanding of each other's thoughts and feelings. It goes beyond physical appearance and focuses on the mental and emotional connection between two people. Therefore, the statement that psychological attraction is synonymous with physical attraction is false.
13.
What is the key to mere exposure leading to a positive attitude?
Correct Answer
A. Need to be neutral to positive at start
Explanation
The key to mere exposure leading to a positive attitude is to start with a neutral to positive perception. When individuals are initially exposed to something new, having a neutral or slightly positive attitude allows them to become familiar with it without any preconceived negative biases. This neutral starting point creates a foundation for subsequent exposures, which can gradually lead to a more positive attitude over time.
14.
Pretend that you are in a social situation looking for a short-term mate. If you were to find one, you would most likely…
Correct Answer
A. End up with a person who is close to your own pHysical attractiveness level
Explanation
In social situations where individuals are looking for short-term mates, they are more likely to end up with a person who is close to their own physical attractiveness level. This is because people tend to seek partners who are similar to them in terms of attractiveness, as it increases the chances of mutual attraction and acceptance. Choosing a partner of similar physical attractiveness level also helps to maintain a sense of balance and compatibility in the relationship.
15.
Which of the following theories best explains how sociocultural factors influence our perception of people’s physical attractiveness?
Correct Answer
D. Operant learning theory
Explanation
Operant learning theory suggests that our perception of people's physical attractiveness is influenced by sociocultural factors. This theory proposes that our preferences for physical attractiveness are shaped by the positive or negative reinforcement we receive from society. For example, if society rewards individuals who conform to certain beauty standards, we are more likely to perceive those individuals as attractive. Conversely, if society punishes individuals who do not conform to these standards, we may perceive them as less attractive. This theory emphasizes the role of external factors in shaping our perception of physical attractiveness.
16.
In an experiment on attraction, participants were asked to rate how attractive they found a series of facial pictures. Which of the following would be rated most attractive?
Correct Answer
D. A composite of 50 faces
Explanation
A composite of 50 faces would be rated most attractive because research has shown that people tend to find average faces more attractive. When multiple faces are combined to create a composite, the average features are enhanced, resulting in a more symmetrical and balanced appearance. This composite of 50 faces would have the highest level of symmetry and balance, making it more visually appealing and rated as more attractive compared to a single face or composites with fewer faces.
17.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three factors of love in Sternberg’s (1986) triarchic theory of love?
Correct Answer
B. Similarity
Explanation
In Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, the three factors of love are commitment, passion, and intimacy. Similarity is not one of the factors mentioned in this theory. This suggests that Sternberg does not consider similarity as a key component of love in his theory.
18.
Psychological attraction can be broken down into what two underlying factors.
Correct Answer
C. Attitude; desire to affiliate
Explanation
Psychological attraction can be explained by two underlying factors: attitude and the desire to affiliate. Attitude refers to a person's positive or negative evaluation of something or someone, while the desire to affiliate refers to the motivation to connect and form relationships with others. These two factors play a significant role in determining psychological attraction between individuals.
19.
In the Aron (1997) study on getting people to fall in love (by asking each other increasingly personal questions while looking into each other’s eyes), the key factor that increased participants’ closeness was what?
Correct Answer
E. Reciprocal self-disclosure
Explanation
Reciprocal self-disclosure refers to the act of sharing personal information and experiences with another person in a mutually open and honest way. In the Aron (1997) study, the key factor that increased participants' closeness was the process of engaging in reciprocal self-disclosure. By asking each other increasingly personal questions, the participants were able to establish a deeper level of connection and intimacy. This suggests that sharing personal information and experiences with each other fosters a sense of closeness and can potentially lead to falling in love.
20.
The contrast effect implies that, when your crush sees you for the first time, you should be standing next to...
Correct Answer
A. An unattractive person so you look better by comparison
Explanation
The contrast effect suggests that when your crush sees you for the first time, you should be standing next to an unattractive person so you look better by comparison. This is because our perception of attractiveness is influenced by the context in which it is presented. By being next to someone who is less attractive, you will appear more attractive in comparison. This can increase your chances of making a positive impression on your crush.