Digestion And Absorption,Breathing And Exchange Of Gases, Body Fluids And Circulation, Excretory Products And Their Eli
- 1.
Which of the following statements is false?
- A.
The breakdown of most of biomacromolecules occurs in duodenum
- B.
Simple substances (digested foods) are absorbed in the jejunum and ileumOption 2
- C.
Very significant digestive activity occurs in large intestine
- D.
Undigested and unabsorbed substances are passed on the large intestine
Correct Answer
C. Very significant digestive activity occurs in large intestineExplanation
The statement "Very significant digestive activity occurs in the large intestine" is false. The large intestine primarily functions in absorbing water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food material, and it also houses bacteria that aid in the fermentation of undigested material. However, the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine, specifically the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is not the function of large intestine?
- A.
Absorption of some water, minerals and certain drugs
- B.
Nutrient absorption
- C.
Secretion of mucus to lubricale faeces
- D.
Temporary storage of faeces in rectum
Correct Answer
B. Nutrient absorptionExplanation
The large intestine is responsible for the absorption of water, minerals, and certain drugs. It also secretes mucus to lubricate feces and temporarily stores feces in the rectum. However, the large intestine does not play a significant role in nutrient absorption. Nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The undigested substance (faeces) enter into the …………. of large intestine through ……. valve which prevents backflow of faecal matter-
- A.
Caecum, ileo-caecal
- B.
Colon, ileo-colon value
- C.
Rectum, recto-colonic
- D.
Colon, pyloric value
Correct Answer
A. Caecum, ileo-caecalExplanation
The correct answer is Caecum, ileo-caecal. The caecum is a pouch-like structure located at the beginning of the large intestine. It receives undigested substances (faeces) from the small intestine through the ileo-caecal valve. This valve prevents the backflow of faecal matter from the large intestine back into the small intestine.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The activities of gastrointestinal tract
- A.
Are under neural control only
- B.
Are under hormonal control only
- C.
Are under neural and hormonal control
- D.
Are under neither hormonal nor neutral control
Correct Answer
C. Are under neural and hormonal controlExplanation
The activities of the gastrointestinal tract are under both neural and hormonal control. The nervous system, specifically the enteric nervous system, plays a crucial role in regulating various functions such as peristalsis, secretion, and absorption. The enteric nervous system can function independently or in coordination with the central nervous system. Additionally, hormones released by various organs such as the stomach, pancreas, and intestines also regulate gastrointestinal activities. These hormones, including gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin, help regulate digestion, absorption, and the release of digestive enzymes. Therefore, the correct answer is that the activities of the gastrointestinal tract are under neural and hormonal control.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Secretion of savliva can be slimulated by:
- A.
Sight of food
- B.
Smell of food
- C.
Presence of food in oral cavity
- D.
All
Correct Answer
D. AllExplanation
The secretion of saliva can be stimulated by various factors related to food consumption. The sight of food can trigger the brain to send signals to the salivary glands, leading to the production of saliva. Similarly, the smell of food can also activate the salivary glands, preparing the mouth for digestion. Additionally, the presence of food in the oral cavity, such as when chewing or tasting, can further stimulate saliva secretion. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to the stimulation of saliva secretion.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In addition to neutral control, hormones also influence the
- A.
Gastric secretions
- B.
Intestinal secretions
- C.
Muscular activities of different parts of allmentary canal
- D.
All
Correct Answer
D. AllExplanation
Hormones have a widespread influence on various aspects of the digestive system. They can regulate gastric secretions, which are the substances produced by the stomach to aid in digestion. They also affect intestinal secretions, which are the substances produced by the intestines to help with absorption and digestion. Additionally, hormones can control the muscular activities of different parts of the alimentary canal, such as the contraction and relaxation of the muscles in the stomach and intestines. Therefore, all of these options are correct because hormones have an impact on all of these aspects of digestion.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Hormonal control of the secretion of digestive juice is carried out by local …………. produced by …………… and …………….. mucoss.
- A.
Neurotransmitters, liver, pancreas
- B.
Hormones, Liver, pancreas
- C.
Hormones, Gastric, Intestinal
- D.
Neurotransmitters, gastric, Intestinal
Correct Answer
C. Hormones, Gastric, IntestinalExplanation
Hormonal control of the secretion of digestive juice is carried out by hormones produced by gastric and intestinal mucosa. This is because the gastric and intestinal mucosa produce hormones that regulate the secretion of digestive juices. Neurotransmitters are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses, but they do not directly control the secretion of digestive juices. The liver and pancreas are involved in the production and release of digestive enzymes, but they are not directly responsible for the hormonal control of digestive juice secretion.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Absorption of digested food is carried out by:
- A.
Passive method
- B.
Active transport
- C.
Facilitated transport
- D.
All
Correct Answer
D. AllExplanation
The absorption of digested food is carried out by all the methods mentioned: passive method, active transport, and facilitated transport. Passive method refers to the movement of substances across the cell membrane without the need for energy. Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient. Facilitated transport involves the use of carrier proteins to transport substances across the cell membrane. Therefore, all these methods play a role in the absorption of digested food.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Glucose and amino acids are absorbed in intestine by?
- A.
Active transport
- B.
Passive transport
- C.
Salective absorption
- D.
Osmosis
Correct Answer
A. Active transportExplanation
Glucose and amino acids are absorbed in the intestine by active transport. Active transport is a process that requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. In the case of glucose and amino acids, they are absorbed against their concentration gradient, meaning they are absorbed from the intestine where their concentration is low into the bloodstream where their concentration is high. This process is essential for the body to obtain these nutrients and ensure proper functioning.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following statements is incorrect? I. Absorption of simple sugar, alcohol, some water medicines takes place in stomach II. Maximum water absorption occurs in small intestine III. Small intestine is the major site of digestion and absorption of food IV. Fatty acid and glycerol are absorbed by lacteals V. Nothing is absobed in mouth and large intestine
- A.
I, IV, V
- B.
V
- C.
IV
- D.
II and III
Correct Answer
B. V -
- 11.
Sites of gaseous exchange in lungs are-
- A.
Alveoli
- B.
Tracheoles
- C.
Bronchloles
- D.
Pleura
Correct Answer
A. AlveoliExplanation
The correct answer is Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. They are surrounded by a network of capillaries, allowing for efficient diffusion of gases between the air and the bloodstream. Tracheoles and bronchioles are parts of the respiratory system, but they do not directly participate in gaseous exchange. Pleura is a membrane that surrounds the lungs, providing protection and lubrication, but it is not involved in the actual exchange of gases.Rate this question:
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- 12.
I. It is double layered and covers the lungs II. Fluid between the layers reduces friction on lung-surface III. Outer layer is in contact with thoracic wall IV. Inner layer is in contact with lungs
- A.
Pericardium
- B.
Peritoneum
- C.
Pleura
- D.
None
Correct Answer
C. PleuraExplanation
The pleura is a double-layered membrane that covers the lungs. The outer layer of the pleura is in contact with the thoracic wall, while the inner layer is in contact with the lungs. The fluid between the layers of the pleura reduces friction on the lung surface, allowing for smooth movement during breathing. Therefore, the correct answer is Pleura.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The part starting with the extranal nostrils upto the terminal bronchioles constitute the
- A.
Respiratory or exchange part of respiratory system
- B.
Inspiratory part
- C.
Conducting part
- D.
Expiratory part
Correct Answer
C. Conducting partExplanation
The correct answer is the conducting part. The conducting part of the respiratory system includes the external nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and terminal bronchioles. This part is responsible for conducting air from the external environment to the respiratory or exchange part of the system, where gas exchange occurs.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Respiratory or exchange part of the respiratory system consists of -
- A.
The parts starting with external nostrils upto terminal bronchioles
- B.
Alveoli and their ducts
- C.
All bronchi and terminal bronchioles
- D.
All bronchioles
Correct Answer
B. Alveoli and their ductsExplanation
The correct answer is "Alveoli and their ducts." The respiratory or exchange part of the respiratory system includes the alveoli and their ducts. Alveoli are tiny air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs. They are responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream. The ducts connect the alveoli and help in the transportation of air in and out of the lungs.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The conducting part of the respiratory system has function.
- A.
Filter, warm and moisten the air
- B.
Gaseous exchange
- C.
Filteringthe air only
- D.
Warm the air
Correct Answer
A. Filter, warm and moisten the airExplanation
The conducting part of the respiratory system is responsible for filtering, warming, and moistening the air. This is important because the air we breathe may contain dust, allergens, or other particles that need to be filtered out to prevent them from reaching the lungs. Warming and moistening the air helps to protect the delicate lung tissues from damage and irritation. Therefore, the correct answer is "Filter, warm and moisten the air."Rate this question:
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- 16.
The chamber formed dorsally by the vertebral column, ventrally by sternum, laterally by ribs and on the lower side by dome shaped diaphragm is -
- A.
Abdominal cavity
- B.
Thoracic cavity
- C.
Pelvic cavity
- D.
Cranial cavity
Correct Answer
B. Thoracic cavityExplanation
The thoracic cavity is formed by the vertebral column dorsally, the sternum ventrally, the ribs laterally, and the diaphragm on the lower side. This cavity houses and protects vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels. It is separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm. The thoracic cavity is responsible for the mechanics of breathing, as the diaphragm contracts and relaxes to allow for inhalation and exhalation.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The lungs expand in inspiration/ inhalation because -
- A.
Diaphragm contracts upward
- B.
The volume of thoracic cavity increases
- C.
External intercoastal muscles relax
- D.
Diaphragm relaxes
Correct Answer
B. The volume of thoracic cavity increasesExplanation
The correct answer is "The volume of thoracic cavity increases." When the diaphragm contracts upward and the external intercostal muscles relax during inspiration, it allows the lungs to expand and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity. This increase in volume creates a lower pressure inside the lungs, causing air to rush in and fill the expanded space.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The processes exhalation/ expiration is begun mainly due to -
- A.
The contraction of intercoastal muscles
- B.
The contraction of the diaphagm
- C.
The relaxtion of muscles
- D.
Low pressure is thoracic cavity
Correct Answer
C. The relaxtion of musclesExplanation
The relaxation of muscles is the main cause for the initiation of exhalation. During exhalation, the muscles involved in breathing, such as the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm, relax. This relaxation reduces the volume of the thoracic cavity, leading to an increase in pressure. As a result, air is forced out of the lungs, allowing for exhalation to occur.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following statements about the mechanism of ventilation/ breathing is false ?
- A.
As the diaphragm relaxes, air is expelled from the respiratory system
- B.
During inspiration the lungs act as suction pump
- C.
Inspiration is a passive and external intercostal muscles and diaghragm play an important role
- D.
For quiet breathing external intercostal muscles and diaphragm play an important role
Correct Answer
C. Inspiration is a passive and external intercostal muscles and diaghragm play an important roleExplanation
During inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, causing the thoracic cavity to expand and the lungs to expand as well. This creates a negative pressure within the lungs, causing air to be drawn in. Therefore, the statement "Inspiration is a passive and external intercostal muscles and diaphragm play an important role" is true, not false.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Inspiration occurs when there is a negative pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure. This negative pressure is achieved when-
- A.
Intrapulmonary pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure
- B.
Intra pulmonary is greater than the atmospheric pressure
- C.
Intrapulmonary pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure
- D.
Intrapleural pressure becomes more than the intraalveolar pressure
Correct Answer
A. Intrapulmonary pressure is less than the atmospHeric pressure -
- 21.
Expiration takes place when the intrapulmonary pressure is
- A.
Greater than the atmospheric pressure
- B.
Lesser than the atmospheric pressure
- C.
Equal to atmospheric pressure
- D.
Equal to intrapleural pressure
Correct Answer
A. Greater than the atmospHeric pressureExplanation
During expiration, the intrapulmonary pressure (pressure inside the lungs) is greater than the atmospheric pressure (pressure outside the body). This pressure difference allows air to flow out of the lungs, helping to exhale and remove waste gases from the body.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Which of the following sequences is correct to initiate inspiration? I. The contraction of external intercostal muscles raised the ribs and stermum II. Volume of thorax increases in the dorso-ventral axis III. Intrapulmonary pressure decreases IV. Diaphragm contraction V. Air rushes into lungs VI. Volume of thorax increases in the anterior-posterior axis
- A.
I, II, IV, V, III, VI
- B.
I, II, III, IV, V
- C.
I, II, IV, VI, III, V
- D.
VI, V, I, II, III, IV
Correct Answer
C. I, II, IV, VI, III, VExplanation
During inspiration, the contraction of the external intercostal muscles raises the ribs and sternum (I), which increases the volume of the thorax in the dorso-ventral axis (II). Simultaneously, the diaphragm contracts (IV), further increasing the volume of the thorax in the anterior-posterior axis (VI). As a result, the intrapulmonary pressure decreases (III), creating a pressure gradient that allows air to rush into the lungs (V). Therefore, the correct sequence to initiate inspiration is I, II, IV, VI, III, V.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following sequences is correct to initiate expiration? I. Relaxation of external intercostal muscles and return of diaphragm and stemum to their normal position II. Air expelled from lungs III. Volume of thorax decreases IV. Intrapulmonary pressure increases
- A.
I, III, IV, II
- B.
II, IV, III, I
- C.
IV, III, II, I
- D.
I, II, III, IV
Correct Answer
A. I, III, IV, IIExplanation
Expiration is the process of exhaling air out of the lungs. During expiration, the external intercostal muscles relax, allowing the ribcage to return to its normal position. This causes the volume of the thorax to decrease, which leads to an increase in intrapulmonary pressure. Finally, as a result of the increased intrapulmonary pressure, air is expelled from the lungs. Therefore, the correct sequence to initiate expiration is I, III, IV, II.Rate this question:
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- 24.
On an average, a healthy human breathes ………….. times/minute–
- A.
20 – 40
- B.
1 – 6
- C.
12 – 16
- D.
16 – 25
Correct Answer
C. 12 – 16Explanation
A healthy human typically breathes 12 to 16 times per minute. This range is considered normal for a person at rest and indicates efficient lung function and oxygen exchange in the body. Breathing too fast or too slow can be a sign of respiratory problems or other health issues.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Additional muscles for forceful breathing are–
- A.
Diaphragm and extermal intercostal muscles
- B.
Abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles
- C.
Diaphragm and abdominal muscles
- D.
External and internal intercostal muscles
Correct Answer
B. Abdominal muscles and internal intercostal musclesExplanation
During forceful breathing, the abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles are used. The abdominal muscles, including the rectus abdominis, external obliques, and internal obliques, contract to forcefully exhale air from the lungs. This contraction causes the abdominal wall to push inward, increasing the pressure in the thoracic cavity and aiding in the expulsion of air. The internal intercostal muscles, located between the ribs, also contract during forceful breathing to further increase the pressure in the thoracic cavity and assist in the process of exhaling air.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Pukinje fibres are present in–
- A.
Left auricle
- B.
Right auricle
- C.
Ventricular mycardium
- D.
SAN
Correct Answer
C. Ventricular mycardiumExplanation
Purkinje fibers are specialized cardiac muscle fibers that are responsible for conducting electrical impulses through the ventricular myocardium. These fibers play a crucial role in coordinating the contraction of the ventricles, ensuring efficient pumping of blood out of the heart. They are not present in the left or right auricles or the sinoatrial node (SAN), which are involved in other aspects of cardiac function. Therefore, the correct answer is the ventricular myocardium.Rate this question:
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- 27.
The chodaetendinase–
- A.
Close the AV valves
- B.
Prevent the AV valves flaps for everting
- C.
Open semilunar valves
- D.
Are present in auricles
Correct Answer
B. Prevent the AV valves flaps for evertingExplanation
The chodaetendinase prevents the AV valve flaps from everting. This means that it helps to keep the AV valves closed and prevents them from turning inside out. This is important for maintaining proper blood flow through the heart. If the AV valve flaps were to evert, it could lead to regurgitation of blood back into the atria, reducing the efficiency of the heart's pumping action. Therefore, the chodaetendinase plays a crucial role in preventing this from happening.Rate this question:
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- 28.
An atricventricular valve prevents the back flow or leakage of blood from:
- A.
The right ventricleto the right atrium
- B.
The left atrium into the left ventricle
- C.
The aorta into the left ventricle
- D.
The pulmonary vein into the right atrium
Correct Answer
A. The right ventricleto the right atriumExplanation
The atrioventricular valve prevents the back flow or leakage of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium. This valve, also known as the tricuspid valve, is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. It opens to allow blood to flow from the atrium into the ventricle during diastole, and then closes to prevent backflow during systole when the ventricle contracts and pumps blood out to the pulmonary artery. This ensures that blood flows in one direction, from the atrium to the ventricle, and prevents any leakage or regurgitation back into the atrium.Rate this question:
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- 29.
How many double circulation are normally completed by the human heart in one minute?
- A.
6
- B.
16
- C.
36
- D.
72
Correct Answer
D. 72Explanation
The human heart normally completes two circulations in one minute. The first circulation is the systemic circulation, where oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body, and deoxygenated blood returns to the heart. The second circulation is the pulmonary circulation, where deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen, and oxygenated blood returns to the heart. Since each circulation involves the blood passing through the heart, there are two double circulations completed in one minute.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The duration of cardiac cycle in a normal man is
- A.
0.8 seconds
- B.
80 seconds
- C.
60 seconds
- D.
72 seconds
Correct Answer
A. 0.8 secondsExplanation
The duration of the cardiac cycle in a normal man is 0.8 seconds. This is the time it takes for the heart to complete one full cycle of contraction and relaxation. During this cycle, the heart fills with blood, contracts to pump blood out to the body, and then relaxes to allow for refilling. This regular rhythm is essential for maintaining proper blood flow and oxygenation throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 31.
During systole of heart
- A.
Only atria contract
- B.
Only ventricles contract
- C.
Auricles and ventricles contract separately
- D.
Auricles and ventricles contract simultaneously
Correct Answer
C. Auricles and ventricles contract separatelyExplanation
During systole, the atria and ventricles of the heart contract to pump blood. However, they do not contract simultaneously. The atria contract first, pushing blood into the ventricles. Then, after a brief delay, the ventricles contract, pumping the blood out of the heart and into the circulatory system. This sequential contraction allows for efficient and coordinated blood flow through the heart.Rate this question:
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- 32.
During ventricular systole
- A.
Oxygentated blood is pumped into the sorts and deoxygentated blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery
- B.
Oxygented blood is pumped into pulmonary artery and deoxygenated blood is pumped into the artery
- C.
Oxygenated blood is pumped into aorta and deoxygenated blood is pumped into pulmonary vein
- D.
Oxygenated blood is pumped into pulmonary vein and deoxygenated blood is pumped into pulmonary artery
Correct Answer
A. Oxygentated blood is pumped into the sorts and deoxygentated blood is pumped into the pulmonary arteryExplanation
During ventricular systole, the correct answer is that oxygenated blood is pumped into the aorta and deoxygenated blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery. This is because the left ventricle contracts, pushing oxygenated blood out of the heart through the aorta to supply oxygen to the rest of the body. At the same time, the right ventricle contracts, sending deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery for oxygenation.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Contraction of right ventricle pumps blood into
- A.
Dorsal sorta
- B.
Pulmonary vein
- C.
Coronary artery
- D.
Pumonary artery
Correct Answer
D. Pumonary arteryExplanation
The contraction of the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries this blood to the lungs, where it will be oxygenated. This oxygenated blood will then return to the heart via the pulmonary veins and be pumped out to the rest of the body through the left ventricle. The coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself, while the dorsal aorta is responsible for carrying oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 34.
When ventricular systole occurs
- A.
Auricular diastole coinsides
- B.
Tricuspid and blcuspid valves close
- C.
Semllunar valves guarding pulmonary artery and aorta are forced to open
- D.
All
Correct Answer
D. AllExplanation
During ventricular systole, the contraction of the ventricles causes the atria to relax (auricular diastole). This relaxation allows the tricuspid and bicuspid valves to close, preventing the backflow of blood into the atria. Simultaneously, the increased pressure within the ventricles forces the semilunar valves (guarding the pulmonary artery and aorta) to open, allowing blood to be pumped out of the heart and into the respective arteries. Therefore, all of these events occur during ventricular systole.Rate this question:
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- 35.
During cardiac cycle about ……………. % of ventricular filling occurs prior to atrial contraction ……………… % ventricular filling occurs due to atrial contraction
- A.
50, 50
- B.
70, 30
- C.
30, 70
- D.
10, 90
Correct Answer
B. 70, 30Explanation
During the cardiac cycle, approximately 70% of ventricular filling occurs prior to atrial contraction, while the remaining 30% of ventricular filling occurs due to atrial contraction. This means that the majority of blood is passively filling the ventricles before the atria contract to push the remaining blood into the ventricles.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Which one of the following is produced in the kidneys?
- A.
Rennin
- B.
Renin
- C.
Uricase
- D.
Agrinase
Correct Answer
B. ReninExplanation
Renin is produced in the kidneys. It is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. Renin is released by special cells in the kidneys called juxtaglomerular cells, which are located in the walls of the renal arterioles. When blood pressure drops or there is a decrease in blood volume, these cells release renin into the bloodstream. Renin then acts on a protein called angiotensinogen, converting it into angiotensin I, which is further converted to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates the release of aldosterone, a hormone that helps regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Reabsorption of Na+ is controlled by-
- A.
Vasopressin or ADH
- B.
Aldosterone
- C.
Renin
- D.
Rennin
Correct Answer
B. AldosteroneExplanation
Aldosterone is responsible for the reabsorption of Na+ in the kidneys. It acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts, increasing the reabsorption of sodium ions and water, while promoting the excretion of potassium ions. This hormone is released by the adrenal glands in response to low blood pressure, low blood volume, or high levels of potassium in the blood. By increasing the reabsorption of sodium, aldosterone helps maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance in the body.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The reabsorption of water in the kidneys in under the control of a hormone
- A.
STH
- B.
ACTH
- C.
LH
- D.
ADH/Vasopresin
Correct Answer
D. ADH/VasopresinExplanation
ADH, also known as vasopressin, is the correct answer. ADH is a hormone that regulates the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. It is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland in response to changes in blood osmolality or blood volume. ADH acts on the collecting ducts of the kidneys, increasing their permeability to water and allowing for the reabsorption of water back into the bloodstream. This helps to concentrate urine and conserve water in the body.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Antidiuretic hormone secretion increases when the hypothalamus is stimulated by
- A.
Angiotensin receptors
- B.
Glucose receptors
- C.
Osmoreceptors
- D.
Renin receptors
Correct Answer
C. OsmoreceptorsExplanation
Osmoreceptors are specialized cells in the hypothalamus that detect changes in the osmolarity or concentration of solutes in the blood. When osmoreceptors sense an increase in osmolarity, they stimulate the hypothalamus to secrete antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland. ADH acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing urine output and helping to maintain water balance in the body. Therefore, when the hypothalamus is stimulated by osmoreceptors, it leads to an increase in ADH secretion.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The kidneys help regulate acid-base balance by controlling the level of ……… in the blood
- A.
CO2
- B.
H+
- C.
HCO–2
- D.
B and C
Correct Answer
C. HCO–2Explanation
The correct answer is HCO2. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance in the body by controlling the levels of bicarbonate (HCO2) in the blood. Bicarbonate acts as a buffer, helping to neutralize excess acids or bases in the blood. The kidneys can reabsorb or excrete bicarbonate as needed to maintain the proper pH balance in the body. This process helps to regulate the levels of CO2 and H+ ions in the blood, ensuring that the body's acid-base balance is maintained within a normal range.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The functioning of the kidneys is efficiently monitored and regulated by hormonal feedback mechanisms involving
- A.
Hypothalamus only
- B.
JGA only
- C.
The heart only
- D.
Hypothalamus, JGA and heart (to certain extent)
Correct Answer
D. Hypothalamus, JGA and heart (to certain extent)Explanation
The functioning of the kidneys is efficiently monitored and regulated by hormonal feedback mechanisms involving the hypothalamus, JGA, and to a certain extent, the heart. The hypothalamus releases a hormone called antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in response to low blood volume or increased osmolarity. ADH acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, thus conserving water. The JGA, located in the kidneys, releases renin in response to low blood pressure or decreased blood flow. Renin initiates a series of events that ultimately leads to the production of angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels and stimulates the release of aldosterone. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to increase sodium reabsorption, which in turn increases water reabsorption. The heart also plays a role by releasing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in response to increased blood volume or pressure. ANP acts on the kidneys to increase sodium and water excretion, thus reducing blood volume. Overall, the hypothalamus, JGA, and heart work together to maintain the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Osmoreceptors in the body are activated by changes in
- A.
Blood volume but not fluid volume
- B.
Body fluid volume but not blood volume
- C.
Blood volume and body fluid volume
- D.
Blood volume, body fluid volume and ionic concentration
Correct Answer
D. Blood volume, body fluid volume and ionic concentrationExplanation
Osmoreceptors in the body are sensory receptors that detect changes in the concentration of solutes in the blood and body fluids. These receptors are responsible for regulating the body's fluid balance and maintaining homeostasis. The correct answer states that osmoreceptors are activated by changes in blood volume, body fluid volume, and ionic concentration. This means that osmoreceptors are sensitive to changes in the overall volume of blood and body fluids, as well as changes in the concentration of ions in these fluids.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Which of the following sequences is correct for regulation of kidney function?
- A.
An excess loss of water from body – Stimulates hypothalamus – Osmoreceptor – Neurohypophysis – ADH – Increases water permeability of DCT and CT – Prevent of diuresis
- B.
An excess loss of fluid from body – Osmoreceptors – Hypothalamus – Neurohyophysis – ADH – Increases water permeability of DCT and CT – Prevention of diuresis
- C.
An excess loss of fluid from body – Osmoreceptors – Hypothalamus – Neurohypophysis – Aldosterone – Water permeasbility of DCT and CT increases – Prevention of diuresis
- D.
An excess loss of fluid from body – osmoreceptor – Hypothalamus – Adenohypophysis – ADH – Increase water permeability of DCT and CT – Preventation of diuresis
Correct Answer
B. An excess loss of fluid from body – Osmoreceptors – Hypothalamus – NeurohyopHysis – ADH – Increases water permeability of DCT and CT – Prevention of diuresisExplanation
The correct sequence for the regulation of kidney function starts with an excess loss of fluid from the body. This loss of fluid is detected by osmoreceptors, which then stimulate the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus, in turn, signals the neurohypophysis (also known as the posterior pituitary gland) to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH increases the water permeability of the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and collecting ducts (CT) in the kidneys, leading to the prevention of diuresis (excessive urine production).Rate this question:
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- 44.
Osmoregulation is the function of –
- A.
Oxytocin
- B.
Prolectin
- C.
Vasopressin (ADH)
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Vasopressin (ADH)Explanation
Vasopressin (ADH) is the correct answer because osmoregulation refers to the regulation of water and electrolyte balance in the body. Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), plays a crucial role in regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys. It acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, thereby reducing urine production and helping to maintain proper fluid balance in the body. Oxytocin and prolectin are not involved in osmoregulation.Rate this question:
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- 45.
ADH is synthesized by …………….. released by ……………. and acts on ………………
- A.
Hypothalamus, Neurohypophysis, DCT and CT
- B.
Hypothalamus, Neurohypophysis, Loops of Henle
- C.
Hypothalamus, Adenohypophtysis, DCT and CT
- D.
Hypothalamus, Adenohypophsis, Loop of Henle
Correct Answer
A. Hypothalamus, NeurohypopHysis, DCT and CTExplanation
ADH, also known as antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin, is synthesized by the hypothalamus and released by the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary gland). It acts on the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and collecting tubules (CT) in the kidneys to increase water reabsorption and decrease urine production. Therefore, the correct answer is "Hypothalamus, Neurohypophysis, DCT and CT."Rate this question:
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Jun 16, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jun 16, 2020Quiz Created by
Raj Pal
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