Biology Quiz By Swayam Mohapatra

Mitochondria is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains its own DNA. It is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. This organelle has a double membrane and is often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell. The presence of DNA in mitochondria allows them to replicate and divide independently of the cell's nucleus. Therefore, mitochondria is the correct answer to the question.

The undefined nuclear region of prokaryotes is known as the nucleoid. Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes do not have a true nucleus, but instead have a region within the cytoplasm where the genetic material is located. This region, called the nucleoid, contains the prokaryotic DNA in the form of a circular chromosome. It is not enclosed by a membrane like the nucleus in eukaryotes, hence the term "undefined". The nucleoid plays a crucial role in storing and organizing the genetic material of prokaryotes.

Chromosomes are made up of DNA and protein. DNA is the genetic material that carries the instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms. It is organized into structures called chromosomes, which are composed of DNA tightly wrapped around proteins called histones. The DNA-protein complex helps in the packaging and organization of the genetic material, allowing for efficient storage and transmission of genetic information during cell division and reproduction. Therefore, chromosomes consist of both DNA and protein.

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport to their final destinations. This includes the synthesis and modification of complex sugars from simple sugars. The Golgi apparatus receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum, where they are further processed and packaged before being transported to other parts of the cell or secreted outside. Therefore, the Golgi apparatus is the cell organelle involved in forming complex sugars from simple sugars.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (S.E.R.) plays a crucial role in detoxifying many poisons and drugs in a cell. It contains enzymes that are involved in the metabolism and breakdown of various substances, including toxins and drugs. These enzymes help to modify and detoxify these substances, making them less harmful to the cell. Therefore, the S.E.R. is responsible for the detoxification process in the cell.

The vacuole is the only organelle listed that is covered by a single membrane. Mitochondria, nucleus, and plastids are all double-membraned organelles. The vacuole is a membrane-bound sac found in the cytoplasm of plant and fungal cells, and it helps store water, nutrients, and waste materials. Its single membrane separates the contents of the vacuole from the cytoplasm, allowing for selective transport and storage within the organelle.

Lysosomes arise from the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport to various destinations within the cell. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes capable of breaking down various molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. These enzymes are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then transported to the Golgi apparatus for further processing and packaging into lysosomes. Therefore, the Golgi apparatus is the correct answer as it is the organelle from which lysosomes originate.

Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Unicellular organisms, being single-celled, have a large surface area to volume ratio, allowing for efficient exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide through diffusion. This process does not require any energy expenditure and occurs naturally due to the concentration gradient. Therefore, diffusion is the most suitable explanation for how unicellular organisms take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Chloroplast is the largest cell organelle present in a plant cell. It is responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that gives plants their green color and allows them to absorb light energy. They have a double membrane and contain their own DNA, allowing them to replicate independently within the cell. Chloroplasts are abundant in plant cells and are especially concentrated in the cells of leaves, where they play a crucial role in producing energy for the plant.

The vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle found in plant and fungal cells, and it has several functions. It acts as a storage unit, storing water, nutrients, and waste products. It also provides turgidity and rigidity to the cell, helping to maintain its shape and structure. Additionally, the vacuole is involved in waste excretion, helping to eliminate toxins and metabolic waste from the cell. However, locomotion is not a function of the vacuole. Locomotion refers to the ability of an organism or cell to move from one place to another, and this function is typically performed by other organelles or structures, such as flagella or cilia.