Kuiz Psl Sem 1
- 1.
Manifestasi klinikal bagi pesakit hypernatremia adalah
- A.
Irriitable
- B.
Seizure
- C.
Musle weakness
- D.
Kurang refleks tendon
Correct Answer
A. IrriitableExplanation
Hypernatremia is a condition characterized by high levels of sodium in the blood. One of the clinical manifestations of hypernatremia is irritability. This means that the patient may become easily agitated, restless, or excessively sensitive to stimuli. Irritability can be a result of the body's attempt to compensate for the imbalance in sodium levels. It is important to recognize and treat hypernatremia promptly to prevent further complications.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Nasihat pemakanan kepada pesakit hypernatremia adalah
- A.
Minum air sekurang-kuranya 1.5 liter sehari
- B.
Lebihkan pengambilan keju dan makanan kering
- C.
Makan sedikit tetapi kerap
- D.
Kurangkan pengambilan karbohidrat kompleks
Correct Answer
A. Minum air sekurang-kuranya 1.5 liter sehariExplanation
The correct answer is "minum air sekurang-kuranya 1.5 liter sehari" because hypernatremia is a condition characterized by high levels of sodium in the blood. Drinking at least 1.5 liters of water per day helps to dilute the sodium concentration in the blood and maintain proper hydration. This can help to alleviate the symptoms and complications associated with hypernatremia.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Keadaan yang boleh menyebabkan hypernatremia adalah
- A.
SIADH
- B.
Dehydration
- C.
Malnutrition
- D.
Head injury
Correct Answer
B. DehydrationExplanation
Dehydration can cause hypernatremia because it is a condition characterized by a lack of adequate fluid intake or excessive fluid loss from the body. When the body loses more water than it takes in, the concentration of sodium in the blood increases, leading to hypernatremia. This imbalance disrupts the normal functioning of cells and can result in symptoms such as thirst, dry mouth, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures or coma. Therefore, dehydration is a potential cause of hypernatremia.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Encik X merupakan penghidap chronic kidney disease. Beliau mengalami ascites dan berisiko mendapat
- A.
Hyponatremia
- B.
Hypokalemia
- C.
Hypocalcemia
- D.
Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer
A. HyponatremiaExplanation
The correct answer is hyponatremia. Chronic kidney disease can lead to the accumulation of fluid in the body, resulting in ascites. This fluid buildup can dilute the sodium levels in the blood, causing hyponatremia.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Rawatan bagi pesakit hyponatremia adalah
- A.
Thiazide diuretic
- B.
3% sodium chloride.
- C.
Magnesium trisilicate
- D.
Calcium carbonate.
Correct Answer
B. 3% sodium chloride.Explanation
The correct answer is 3% sodium chloride because hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low levels of sodium in the blood. Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is a common treatment option for hyponatremia as it helps to increase sodium levels in the body. Thiazide diuretic, magnesium trisilicate, and calcium carbonate are not typically used for the treatment of hyponatremia.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Apakah yang terjadi kepada sel apabila paras sodium dalam darah berkurangan?
- A.
Mengecut
- B.
Membengkak
- C.
Tidak berubah
- D.
Haemolysis
Correct Answer
B. MembengkakExplanation
Apabila paras sodium dalam darah berkurangan, sel akan mengalami pembengkakan. Sodium adalah elektrolit penting yang membantu menjaga keseimbangan air dalam sel. Jika paras sodium berkurangan, air akan masuk ke dalam sel dan menyebabkan sel membengkak.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Keadaan yang menyebabkan hyponatremia adalah
- A.
Kekurangan kalsium di intravaskular
- B.
Pengambilan sodium yang berlebihan
- C.
Pengeluaran anti diuretic hormone yang berlebihan
- D.
Penyalahgunaan ubatan yang mengandungi sodium
Correct Answer
C. Pengeluaran anti diuretic hormone yang berlebihanExplanation
Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low levels of sodium in the blood. One of the causes of hyponatremia is the excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. ADH is responsible for regulating the body's water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. When there is an excessive release of ADH, it leads to increased water retention and dilution of sodium in the blood, causing hyponatremia.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Sumber sodium banyak terdapat pada makanan jenis
- A.
Pisang
- B.
Ikan masin
- C.
Tomato
- D.
Susu
Correct Answer
B. Ikan masinExplanation
Ikan masin is the correct answer because it is known to have a high sodium content. Sodium is a mineral that is commonly found in salt and salty foods, and ikan masin, which is a type of salted fish, is known for its high salt content. Therefore, it can be concluded that ikan masin contains a significant amount of sodium compared to the other food options listed.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Hormon yang mengalakkan penyerapan semula sodium di renal tubul adalah
- A.
Antiduretic
- B.
Atrial natriuretic peptide
- C.
Progestrone
- D.
Aldosterone
Correct Answer
D. AldosteroneExplanation
Aldosterone is the correct answer because it is a hormone that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium in the renal tubules. It is produced by the adrenal glands and plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance. By increasing sodium reabsorption, aldosterone helps to retain water and increase blood volume, which in turn increases blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Nama lain bagi natrium adalah sodium
- A.
Ya
- B.
Tidak
Correct Answer
A. YaExplanation
Nama lain bagi natrium adalah sodium. Sodium adalah nama dalam bahasa Inggris untuk natrium. Natrium adalah unsur kimia dengan simbol Na dan nomor atom 11 dalam tabel periodik. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, natrium umumnya dikenal dengan nama sodium. Jadi, jawaban "Ya" adalah benar karena sodium adalah nama lain bagi natrium.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Keadaan kekoyakan ligament yang mengikat sendi kaki dipanggil
- A.
Joint dislocation
- B.
Avulsion fracture
- C.
Sprain
- D.
Subluxation
Correct Answer
C. SprainExplanation
Sprain adalah keadaan kekoyakan ligament yang mengikat sendi kaki.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Strain bermaksud
- A.
Kekoyakan otot akibat trauma
- B.
Kekoyakan ligamen akibat trauma
- C.
Keregangan tendon akibat berada pada posisi yang terlalu lama
- D.
Keregangan ligamen akibat berada pada posisi yang terlalu lama
Correct Answer
C. Keregangan tendon akibat berada pada posisi yang terlalu lamaExplanation
The correct answer is "Keregangan tendon akibat berada pada posisi yang terlalu lama." This means that strain refers to the stretching or overuse of a tendon due to being in a prolonged position. It does not refer to muscle tear due to trauma or ligament strain due to trauma or prolonged position.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Sprain bermaksud
- A.
Kekoyakan otot
- B.
Kecederaan ligament di sekeliling otot
- C.
Kecederaan otot berdekatan sendi secara tiba-tiba
- D.
Kecederaan pada struktur ligament di sekeliling sendi
Correct Answer
D. Kecederaan pada struktur ligament di sekeliling sendiExplanation
Sprain refers to an injury to the ligaments surrounding a joint. It is not a muscle tear or sudden injury to the muscles near the joint. Therefore, the correct answer is "kecederaan pada struktur ligament di sekeliling sendi" which means injury to the ligament structures surrounding the joint.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Komplikasi yang kerap berlaku akibat immobility yang lama berikutan fraktur tulang tibia
- A.
Fat embolism
- B.
Disuse muscle
- C.
Joint contracture
- D.
Deep venous thrombosis
Correct Answer
D. Deep venous thrombosisExplanation
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication that occurs due to prolonged immobility following a fracture of the tibia bone. DVT is the formation of blood clots in the deep veins, usually in the legs. When a person is immobile for a long period, blood flow slows down, increasing the risk of clot formation. These clots can then travel to the lungs and cause a life-threatening condition called pulmonary embolism. Therefore, DVT is a likely complication in this case due to immobility following a tibia fracture.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Perawatan konservatif Pavlik harness untuk bayi Congenital Hip Dislocation dimulakan apabila bayi berumur
- A.
Hari pertama kelahiran
- B.
Dua minggu
- C.
Tiga bulan
- D.
Tiga tahun
Correct Answer
B. Dua mingguExplanation
The correct answer is "Dua minggu" because the Pavlik harness is typically initiated for the treatment of Congenital Hip Dislocation in infants when they are around two weeks old. This treatment involves the use of a harness that helps to hold the baby's hips in the correct position, allowing for proper development of the hip joint. Starting the treatment at this age allows for early intervention and increases the chances of successful treatment.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Berikut adalah rawatan pertolongan cemas kepada Ah Seng yang mengalami sprains di pergelangan kakitangan kanan KECUALI
- A.
Nasihat Ah Seng rehat kaki kanannya
- B.
Lakukan bandaging ke atas pesakit
- C.
Tinggikan kaki kanan dengan bantal
- D.
Beri warm compression di pergelangan kanannya
Correct Answer
D. Beri warm compression di pergelangan kanannyaExplanation
The correct answer is "Beri warm compression di pergelangan kanannya" because warm compression can help reduce pain and swelling in the sprained ankle. It can also promote blood circulation to the injured area, which can aid in the healing process. Resting the injured leg and elevating it with a pillow can also help reduce swelling. Bandaging the leg can provide support and stability to the sprained ankle, but it is not specifically mentioned in the given information.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Rawatan konservatif yang diberi untuk pesakit dengan fracture of the clavicle adalah
- A.
Arm sling
- B.
Hanging cast
- C.
Collar and cuff
- D.
Shoulder immobilizer
Correct Answer
C. Collar and cuffExplanation
The collar and cuff is the correct answer for the given question. It is a type of conservative treatment given to patients with a fracture of the clavicle. This treatment involves wearing a collar around the neck and a cuff around the affected arm to immobilize the shoulder and promote healing. The collar and cuff help to support the fractured clavicle and prevent further injury or displacement of the bone. This treatment allows the fracture to heal naturally without the need for surgery.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Tindakan kejururawatan segera untuk mengurangkan kesakitan ke atas anggota yang fracture ialah
- A.
Tinggikan anggota dengan bantal
- B.
Immobilization anggota dengan splint
- C.
Berikan ubat analgesik seperti diarahkan
- D.
Betulkan aligmen tulang dengan closed manipulation reduction
Correct Answer
B. Immobilization anggota dengan splintExplanation
The correct answer is "immobilization anggota dengan splint." When a person has a fracture, it is important to immobilize the affected limb with a splint to prevent further damage and reduce pain. Immobilization helps to stabilize the fractured bone and prevent any movement that could cause further injury or pain. This allows the bone to heal properly.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Apabila seseorang indidividu mengalmi perasaan takut, badan akan memberi tindak balas dengan meningkatkan
- A.
Motility stomach
- B.
Penghasilan urin
- C.
Kontraksi otot skeletal
- D.
Kadar degupan jantung
Correct Answer
D. Kadar degupan jantungExplanation
When an individual experiences fear, their body responds by increasing the heart rate. This is because fear triggers the release of stress hormones, such as adrenaline, which prepares the body for a fight or flight response. Increasing the heart rate ensures that oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the muscles more efficiently, enabling the individual to respond quickly to the perceived threat.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Apabila seseorang individu mengambil makanan, rasa yang diperolehi daripada makanan tersebut adalah dipengaruhi oleh saraf
- A.
Facial
- B.
Abducens
- C.
Trigeminal
- D.
Hypoglossal
Correct Answer
D. HypoglossalExplanation
The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of the tongue. When we eat food, the tongue plays a crucial role in the process of tasting and swallowing. The taste buds on the tongue help us perceive different tastes such as sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. Therefore, the hypoglossal nerve is directly involved in transmitting the sensations of taste from the tongue to the brain, influencing the taste experience of the individual when consuming food.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Apabila seseorang menyentuh objek yang panas, tangan akan ditarik secepat mungkin dari objek tersebut. Berikut adalah komponen yang terlibat dengan tindakan pantulan tersebut KECUALI
- A.
Brain
- B.
Spinal cord
- C.
Afferent neuron
- D.
Efferent neuron
Correct Answer
A. BrainExplanation
When someone touches a hot object, the brain sends signals to the muscles in the hand to quickly withdraw it from the object. The brain is responsible for processing the sensory information from the afferent neurons, which detect the heat, and coordinating the appropriate motor response through the efferent neurons. The spinal cord also plays a role in relaying the signals between the brain and the rest of the body, but it is not directly involved in the reflex action of withdrawing the hand. Therefore, the correct answer is brain.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Cranial nerve yang menurunkan kadar degupan jantung ialah
- A.
Vagus
- B.
Abducens
- C.
Accessory
- D.
Hypoglossal
Correct Answer
A. VagusExplanation
The cranial nerve that decreases heart rate is the vagus nerve.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Saraf cranial manakah yang berfungsi untuk menghidu?
- A.
Saraf cranial I
- B.
Saraf cranial II
- C.
Saraf cranial III
- D.
Saraf cranial IV
Correct Answer
A. Saraf cranial IExplanation
Saraf cranial I, also known as the olfactory nerve, is responsible for the sense of smell. It carries sensory information from the olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity to the brain, allowing us to detect and differentiate various smells.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Struktur peripheral nervous system adalah
- A.
Brain
- B.
Spinal cord
- C.
Cranial nerves
- D.
Sympathetic nerve
Correct Answer
C. Cranial nervesExplanation
The correct answer is cranial nerves because the peripheral nervous system is made up of the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord. The cranial nerves are a set of 12 pairs of nerves that originate from the brain and control various functions in the head and neck, such as vision, hearing, and facial movements. They are an essential part of the peripheral nervous system and play a crucial role in transmitting information between the brain and the rest of the body.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Sistem saraf periferi terdiri daripada
- A.
Nuclei
- B.
Nerve tract
- C.
Spinal cord
- D.
Spinal nerve
Correct Answer
D. Spinal nerveExplanation
The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that extend from the spinal cord to various parts of the body. These nerves are called spinal nerves, and they carry sensory information from the body to the spinal cord and transmit motor commands from the spinal cord to the muscles. Therefore, the spinal nerve is a correct answer as it is a crucial component of the peripheral nervous system.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Saraf cranial yang membekali mata ialah
- A.
I
- B.
II
- C.
III
- D.
V
Correct Answer
C. IIIExplanation
The correct answer is III because the question is asking which cranial nerve supplies the eye. The cranial nerves are numbered, and the third cranial nerve, also known as the oculomotor nerve, is responsible for controlling most of the eye's movements, including raising the eyelid, constricting the pupil, and controlling the shape of the lens for focusing. Therefore, option III is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Dalam spinal cord, grey matter terletak di bahagian yang dipanggil
- A.
Horns
- B.
Nuclei
- C.
Column
- D.
Ganglia
Correct Answer
A. HornsExplanation
Grey matter refers to the regions of the central nervous system that contain cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons. In the spinal cord, grey matter is found in the horns. The horns are specific regions within the spinal cord where the grey matter is located. Therefore, the correct answer is "horns."Rate this question:
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- 28.
Saraf spina terdiri daripada
- A.
30 pasang
- B.
31 pasang
- C.
32 pasang
- D.
33 pasang
Correct Answer
B. 31 pasangExplanation
The correct answer is 31 pairs.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Padanan yang tepat mengenai lokasi meninges ialah
- A.
Dalam : pia mater
- B.
Middle : pia mater
- C.
Tengah : dura mater
- D.
Luar : arachnoid membrane
Correct Answer
C. Tengah : dura materExplanation
The correct answer is "tengah : dura mater". The question is asking for the correct match regarding the location of meninges. The meninges are the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. The dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges, located in the middle.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Komponen otak yang mengawal suhu badan dan sistem saraf autonomik ialah
- A.
Thalamus
- B.
Cerebrum
- C.
Hypothalamus
- D.
Medulla oblongata
Correct Answer
C. HypothalamusExplanation
The hypothalamus is a component of the brain that controls body temperature and the autonomic nervous system. It regulates body temperature by sending signals to various parts of the body to either increase or decrease heat production and loss. It also plays a crucial role in regulating functions such as hunger, thirst, sleep, and hormone production. The thalamus is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex, the cerebrum is the largest part of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions, and the medulla oblongata controls involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Komponen otak yang mengawal kadar degupan jantung dan tekanan darah ialah
- A.
Cerebrum
- B.
Cerebellum
- C.
Hypothalamus
- D.
Medulla oblongata
Correct Answer
D. Medulla oblongataExplanation
The medulla oblongata is a component of the brainstem that controls vital functions such as heart rate and blood pressure. It contains centers that regulate the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary actions in the body. The medulla oblongata receives signals from the hypothalamus and other parts of the brain, and it sends out signals to control the heart and blood vessels. Therefore, it is responsible for regulating the heart rate and blood pressure. The cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions, the cerebellum is involved in motor coordination, and the hypothalamus regulates various bodily functions, but they are not specifically responsible for controlling heart rate and blood pressure.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Cerebellum dipisahkan dari cerebrum oleh lipatan dura mater yang dipanggil
- A.
Falx cerebri
- B.
Falx cerebelli
- C.
Tetorium cerebelli
- D.
Longitudinal fissure
Correct Answer
C. Tetorium cerebelliExplanation
The correct answer is "tetorium cerebelli." The cerebellum is separated from the cerebrum by a fold of the dura mater called the tentorium cerebelli. This structure acts as a partition between the two regions of the brain, helping to protect and support the cerebellum. The other options mentioned are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the structure that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Berikut adalah komponen yang membentuk otak KECUALI
- A.
Cerebrum
- B.
Brain stem
- C.
Cerebellum
- D.
Corpus collosum
Correct Answer
D. Corpus collosumExplanation
Corpus collosum adalah bagian yang terletak di tengah otak yang menghubungkan kedua sisi otak, yaitu otak kanan dan otak kiri. Komponen ini berperan penting dalam mengoordinasikan komunikasi antara kedua sisi otak dan memungkinkan informasi dan sinyal saraf untuk dipindahkan dari satu sisi otak ke sisi lainnya. Cerebrum adalah bagian terbesar dari otak yang mengontrol berbagai fungsi kognitif seperti berpikir, berbicara, dan mengingat. Brain stem adalah bagian otak yang mengatur fungsi-fungsi dasar seperti pernapasan dan detak jantung. Cerebellum adalah bagian otak yang mengontrol keseimbangan dan gerakan tubuh.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Third ventricle terletak di
- A.
Bawah lateral ventricle
- B.
Hadapan fourth ventricle
- C.
Antara subarachnoid space
- D.
Antara cerebrum dan cerebellum
Correct Answer
B. Hadapan fourth ventricleExplanation
The third ventricle is located in front of the fourth ventricle.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Ruang di antara lapisan meninges dura mater dan arachnoids mater dipanggil
- A.
Epidural
- B.
Subdural
- C.
Subarachnoid
- D.
Central canal
Correct Answer
C. SubarachnoidExplanation
The correct answer is subarachnoid. The space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater is called the subarachnoid space.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Tekanan cecair cerebrospinal apabila seseorang duduk ialah
- A.
10 cm H2O
- B.
20 cm H2O
- C.
30 cm H2O
- D.
35 cm H2O
Correct Answer
C. 30 cm H2OExplanation
When a person is sitting, the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain and spinal cord is typically around 30 cm H2O. This pressure is necessary for maintaining the proper functioning of the central nervous system and protecting the brain and spinal cord from injury.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Lanjutan lapisan dura mater yang memisahkan cerebrum kepada hemisfera kanan dan kiri ialah
- A.
Falx cerebri
- B.
Falx cerebelli
- C.
Tetorium cerebelli
- D.
Longitudinal fissure
Correct Answer
B. Falx cerebelliExplanation
The correct answer is "falx cerebelli." The falx cerebelli is a continuation of the dura mater that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum. It is a fold of the dura mater that runs vertically between the two cerebellar hemispheres, providing structural support and helping to maintain the separation between them. This structure is important for protecting and supporting the cerebellum, which is responsible for coordinating movement and balance.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Berikut adalah komponen yang membentuk otak KECUALI
- A.
Cerebrum
- B.
Brain stem
- C.
Cerebellum
- D.
Corpus collasum
Correct Answer
D. Corpus collasumExplanation
The corpus collasum is a component of the brain that connects the left and right hemispheres. It allows for communication and coordination between the two hemispheres, enabling them to work together effectively. The other components mentioned, such as the cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum, are all parts of the brain, but they do not specifically play a role in connecting the hemispheres like the corpus collasum does.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Rangkaian kapilari darah yang membentuk cecair serebrospinal ialah
- A.
Sinusoid
- B.
Glomerulus
- C.
Bulatan Willis
- D.
Choroid plexus
Correct Answer
D. Choroid plexusExplanation
The correct answer is "choroid plexus." The choroid plexus is a network of blood vessels in the brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF is a clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. It is formed by the filtration of blood plasma through the capillaries of the choroid plexus. Therefore, the choroid plexus is responsible for the formation of CSF, not sinusoid, glomerulus, or bulatan Willis.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Apakah struktur yang mempercepatkan konduksi impuls saraf ?
- A.
Axon
- B.
Dendrite
- C.
Cell body
- D.
Myelin sheath
Correct Answer
D. Myelin sheathExplanation
Myelin sheath is a structure that accelerates the conduction of nerve impulses. It is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the axon of a neuron, allowing for faster transmission of electrical signals. The myelin sheath acts as an insulator, preventing the leakage of electrical currents and promoting the efficient propagation of nerve impulses along the axon. This speeds up the transmission of information between neurons, enabling quick and efficient communication within the nervous system.Rate this question:
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