Psych Study Guide: Chapter 15
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- 1.
A psychological disorder is a _____.
- A.
Condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
- B.
Condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviorsÂ
- C.
Manifestation of a psychopathology
- D.
Situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings
Correct Answer
A. Condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviorsExplanation
A psychological disorder is a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This means that individuals with psychological disorders experience thoughts, emotions, and actions that deviate from what is considered normal or expected in society. These abnormalities can cause distress and impairment in various aspects of their lives.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Etiology is another word for ________.
- A.
Causes
- B.
Conditions
- C.
Forms
- D.
Psychopathology
Correct Answer
A. CausesExplanation
Etiology refers to the study of the causes or origins of a particular disease or condition. It focuses on understanding the factors that contribute to the development and progression of a specific health issue. Therefore, "causes" is an appropriate term to describe etiology as it encompasses the concept of identifying and understanding the underlying factors responsible for a particular condition.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms?
- A.
Isla Fischer
- B.
John Waller
- C.
Marcia Cross
- D.
Thomas Szasz
Correct Answer
D. Thomas SzaszExplanation
Thomas Szasz argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms. He believed that mental illness is a myth and that psychiatric diagnoses are merely labels used to control and marginalize individuals who deviate from societal norms. Szasz advocated for personal responsibility and autonomy, arguing that individuals should have the right to make choices about their own lives, even if their behavior is considered unconventional or deviant.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?
- A.
Jerome C. Wakefield
- B.
John Waller
- C.
Stanley Rachman
- D.
Thomas Szasz
Correct Answer
A. Jerome C. WakefieldExplanation
Jerome C. Wakefield is the correct answer because he identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction. Wakefield developed the Harmful Dysfunction Analysis (HDA) approach, which states that a psychological disorder is present when there is a dysfunction in the individual's psychological mechanisms that leads to harm or impairment in their daily functioning. This approach focuses on the interaction between the individual's internal psychological processes and external factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of psychological disorders.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?
- A.
Desperate Social and Mental Disorders
- B.
Determinants of Social Mental Disorders
- C.
Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders
- D.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Correct Answer
D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersExplanation
The correct answer is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This classification system is widely used by mental health professionals in the United States of America to diagnose and classify mental disorders. It provides a standardized criteria and classification system for various mental health conditions, allowing for consistent diagnosis and treatment.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The letters in the abbreviation DSM-5 stand for ________.
- A.
Diseases and Statistics Manual of Medicine
- B.
Diagnosable Standards Manual of Mental Disorders
- C.
Diseases and Symptoms Manual of Mental Disorders
- D.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersÂ
Correct Answer
D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersÂExplanation
The correct answer is "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders". The abbreviation DSM-5 stands for this manual, which is a widely used classification system for mental disorders. It provides criteria for the diagnosis of various mental health conditions and serves as a reference for clinicians, researchers, and other professionals in the field.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What is comorbidity?
- A.
Co-occurrence of two disorders
- B.
Having two causes for a single disorder
- C.
Having two causes of death
- D.
Mental disorder leading to death
Correct Answer
A. Co-occurrence of two disordersExplanation
Comorbidity refers to the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in an individual. It means that a person is diagnosed with multiple disorders simultaneously. This could include physical or mental health conditions. The term comorbidity is used to describe the presence of two or more disorders in addition to the primary disorder being treated. It is important to consider comorbidity when diagnosing and treating individuals as it can impact the course and outcome of their conditions.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.
- A.
Diathesis-stress
- B.
Supernatural
- C.
Szasz
- D.
Venn
Correct Answer
A. Diathesis-stressExplanation
The diathesis-stress model suggests that individuals who have a predisposition or vulnerability for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when they experience adverse environmental or psychological events. This model emphasizes the interaction between genetic or biological factors (diathesis) and environmental factors (stress) in the development of psychopathology. It suggests that both factors are necessary for the disorder to manifest, with the presence of a diathesis increasing the susceptibility to stressors.Rate this question:
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- 9.
________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.
- A.
Anxiety
- B.
Body dysmorphic
- C.
Obsessive-compulsive
- D.
Personality
Correct Answer
A. AnxietyExplanation
Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior. These disorders involve feelings of intense worry, nervousness, or unease, often accompanied by physical symptoms such as increased heart rate, trembling, and sweating. People with anxiety disorders may experience difficulties in daily functioning and may engage in avoidance behaviors to try to alleviate their anxiety. Common types of anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is least associated with a panic attack?
- A.
Must remain in one's present location
- B.
SweatingÂ
- C.
Breathing struggles
- D.
Feeling closed-in (losing control)
Correct Answer
A. Must remain in one's present locationExplanation
The correct answer is "must remain in one's present location" because it is not a symptom or characteristic typically associated with a panic attack. Panic attacks are often characterized by symptoms such as sweating, breathing struggles, and feeling closed-in or losing control. However, the need to remain in one's present location is not directly related to panic attacks.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.
- A.
Anxiety
- B.
Generalized
- C.
Safety
- D.
Social
Correct Answer
A. AnxietyExplanation
A panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks. This means that individuals with panic disorder experience sudden and intense episodes of fear, accompanied by physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, and shortness of breath. These panic attacks can be debilitating and cause significant distress, leading to ongoing worry and avoidance behaviors. Therefore, the correct answer is anxiety.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?
- A.
Antisocial personality disorder
- B.
Attention deficit disorder
- C.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- D.
Autism spectrum disorder
Correct Answer
D. Autism spectrum disorderExplanation
Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, as well as repetitive patterns of behavior or interests. This disorder affects childhood development and can cause difficulties in socializing, communicating, and engaging in repetitive behaviors. Unlike antisocial personality disorder, attention deficit disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder specifically encompasses these symptoms and is a recognized childhood disorder.Rate this question:
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- 13.
People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.
- A.
Anxiety
- B.
Obsessive-complusive
- C.
Personality
- D.
Phobia
Correct Answer
B. Obsessive-complusiveExplanation
People with obsessive-compulsive disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. These individuals may have persistent and distressing thoughts, images, or impulses that they cannot control. They may feel compelled to perform certain rituals or behaviors to alleviate anxiety or prevent a feared outcome. This disorder can significantly interfere with daily functioning and cause significant distress.Rate this question:
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- 14.
According to the textbook, which brain region is best believed to play a critical role in OCD?
- A.
Anterior cortex
- B.
Cingulate cortex
- C.
Orbitoforntal cortex
- D.
Prefrontal cortex
Correct Answer
C. Orbitoforntal cortexExplanation
According to the textbook, the orbitofrontal cortex is believed to play a critical role in OCD. This brain region is involved in decision-making, impulse control, and emotional processing, which are all functions that are disrupted in individuals with OCD. Dysfunction in the orbitofrontal cortex can lead to repetitive thoughts and behaviors characteristic of OCD.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following statements least describes Antisocial Personality Disorder?
- A.
They do not feel normal remorse when doing bad behaviors
- B.
These individuals are self-serving, unkind, and mean
- C.
Some people with this disorder can be charming
- D.
This disorder affects women more often than men
Correct Answer
D. This disorder affects women more often than men -
- 16.
Which of the following best defines antisocial personality disorder?
- A.
Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood
- B.
Lack of regard for other's rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds
- C.
Overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance
- D.
Pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks
Correct Answer
B. Lack of regard for other's rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeedsExplanation
Antisocial personality disorder is best defined as a lack of regard for other's rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds. This means that individuals with this disorder consistently disregard the rights and feelings of others, engage in impulsive and reckless behavior, lie and manipulate others, fail to take responsibility for their actions, and show no remorse or guilt for their harmful behaviors. This pattern of behavior is persistent and often causes significant distress and harm to both the individual and those around them.Rate this question:
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- 17.
________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.
- A.
Bipolar disorder
- B.
Mood disorder
- C.
Persistent depressive disorder
- D.
Seasonal pattern
Correct Answer
D. Seasonal patternExplanation
Seasonal pattern is the correct answer because it refers to a subtype of depression where an individual experiences symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a specific time of the year. This condition is commonly known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and is typically associated with the changing seasons, particularly during the winter months when there is less sunlight. People with SAD may experience symptoms such as low mood, fatigue, increased sleep, and weight gain during these specific times of the year.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The type of mood disorders characterized by severe mood swings is called_______ disorder.
- A.
Psychogenic
- B.
Dysphoric
- C.
Bipolar
- D.
Autistic
Correct Answer
C. BipolarExplanation
Bipolar disorder is the correct answer because it is a type of mood disorder characterized by severe mood swings. People with bipolar disorder experience periods of intense euphoria or mania, followed by periods of depression. This disorder is different from other mood disorders like psychogenic, dysphoric, or autistic disorders, as it specifically involves extreme shifts in mood.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.
- A.
Characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania.
- B.
In which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms.
- C.
In which an individual has a tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one’s depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences
- D.
That applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth.
Correct Answer
D. That applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth.Explanation
Peripartum onset depression is a type of depression that specifically affects women who experience a major depressive episode either during pregnancy or within four weeks after giving birth. This distinguishes it from other forms of depression as it is directly linked to the peripartum period.Rate this question:
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- 20.
________ involves thoughts of self-inflicted death, thinking about or planning one’s death, or making a self-death attempt.
- A.
Flight of ideas
- B.
Rumination
- C.
Suicidal ideation
- D.
Suicide
Correct Answer
C. Suicidal ideationExplanation
Suicidal ideation refers to thoughts of self-inflicted death, including thinking about or planning one's death, or even attempting to take one's own life. It is a serious mental health concern that should not be taken lightly.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Suicide rates are ________ among men than among women, and they are ________ during the winter holiday season than during the spring months.
- A.
Higher; higher
- B.
Lower; lower
- C.
Higher; lower
- D.
Lower; higher
Correct Answer
C. Higher; lowerExplanation
The correct answer is "higher; lower". This means that suicide rates are higher among men than among women, and they are lower during the winter holiday season than during the spring months. This suggests that there may be gender differences in suicide rates, with men being more prone to suicide. Additionally, the holiday season may bring about a sense of connection and support, leading to lower suicide rates compared to the spring months.Rate this question:
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- 22.
People who are normal all year long, but experience mood problems during the months of December, January, and February suffer from _______.
- A.
Prodromal Syndrome
- B.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- C.
Major Depressive Disorder with Seasonal Pattern
- D.
Depersonalization Disorder
Correct Answer
C. Major Depressive Disorder with Seasonal PatternExplanation
People who experience mood problems during the months of December, January, and February suffer from Major Depressive Disorder with Seasonal Pattern. This is a type of depression that occurs at a specific time of the year, typically during the winter months. The symptoms may include sadness, lack of energy, changes in appetite, difficulty sleeping, and loss of interest in activities. This condition is thought to be related to the decrease in sunlight during the winter months, which can disrupt the body's internal clock and lead to changes in mood and behavior.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?
- A.
Anxiety
- B.
Bipolar
- C.
Personality
- D.
Schizophrenia
Correct Answer
D. SchizopHreniaExplanation
Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior. Individuals with schizophrenia may experience hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, and social withdrawal. These symptoms can significantly impair their ability to function in daily life. Unlike anxiety, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders, which have their own distinct symptoms and characteristics, schizophrenia specifically involves disruptions in cognition, perception, and behavior.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Schizophrenia is considered a_______ disorder.
- A.
Mood
- B.
Obsessive-compulsive
- C.
Personality
- D.
Psychotic
Correct Answer
D. PsychoticExplanation
Schizophrenia is considered a psychotic disorder because it is characterized by a loss of touch with reality. People with schizophrenia often experience hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and abnormal behavior. These symptoms are indicative of a break from reality and a disruption in cognitive and emotional functioning. Therefore, the correct answer is psychotic.Rate this question:
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- 25.
________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.
- A.
Grandiose
- B.
Hallucination
- C.
Paranoid
- D.
Somatic
Correct Answer
C. ParanoidExplanation
Paranoid delusions involve the false belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person. This type of delusion is characterized by extreme suspicion, mistrust, and the belief that others are out to get them. Individuals experiencing paranoid delusions may feel constantly threatened and may take extreme measures to protect themselves from perceived harm.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The most common form of hallucinations in schizophrenia is _______.
- A.
Visual
- B.
Olfactory
- C.
Auditory
- D.
Tactile
Correct Answer
C. AuditoryExplanation
In schizophrenia, the most common form of hallucinations is auditory. Auditory hallucinations involve hearing sounds or voices that are not actually present. These hallucinations can vary in intensity, frequency, and content, and are often experienced as distressing and intrusive. Auditory hallucinations can contribute to the overall symptomatology of schizophrenia and may significantly impact an individual's daily functioning and quality of life. Other forms of hallucinations, such as visual, olfactory, and tactile, can also occur in schizophrenia, but auditory hallucinations are the most prevalent.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What kind of schizophrenic symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?
- A.
Absentee
- B.
Invisible
- C.
Negative
- D.
Positive
Correct Answer
C. NegativeExplanation
Negative schizophrenic symptoms involve reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives. These symptoms include a lack of motivation, reduced emotional expression, social withdrawal, and difficulty in experiencing pleasure. Unlike positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, negative symptoms involve the absence or reduction of normal functions rather than the presence of abnormal ones.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.
- A.
Anxiety
- B.
Dissociative identity
- C.
Personality
- D.
Schizophrenia
Correct Answer
B. Dissociative identityExplanation
The given information states that Donna exhibits two separate personalities that are well-defined and distinct from each other. This is a characteristic symptom of dissociative identity disorder, where an individual experiences the presence of multiple distinct identities or personalities within themselves. Therefore, based on the provided information, Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with dissociative identity disorder.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) _______.
- A.
Mood disorder
- B.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- C.
Phobia
- D.
Psychosis
Correct Answer
C. pHobiaExplanation
Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights, which is a characteristic symptom of a phobia. A phobia is an intense and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity. In this case, Yuri's fear of heights is causing significant distress and impairment in their daily life, indicating the presence of a phobia.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of __
- A.
Being outside the home alone
- B.
Blood
- C.
Enclosed spaces
- D.
Heights
Correct Answer
A. Being outside the home aloneExplanation
Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of being outside the home alone. Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or help might not be available. Individuals with agoraphobia often avoid situations such as leaving their home or being alone in public places due to the fear of having a panic attack or feeling trapped. In Piper's case, her fear and anxiety specifically revolve around being outside the home alone, leading to her diagnosis of agoraphobia.Rate this question:
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- 31.
________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself
- A.
Obsessions
- B.
Ruminations
- C.
Safety behaviors
- D.
Therapies
Correct Answer
C. Safety behaviorsExplanation
Safety behaviors are mental or behavioral acts that individuals engage in to reduce anxiety in social situations. These behaviors are often used as a way to avoid potential negative outcomes or to protect oneself from judgment or criticism. In the given example, wearing bland, neutral clothes is a safety behavior because it helps the individual avoid drawing attention to themselves and potentially facing social scrutiny or anxiety. Safety behaviors are commonly associated with anxiety disorders, such as social anxiety disorder, and can be addressed in therapy to promote healthier coping mechanisms.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Edwina is constantly worried. She cannot really identify why she feels this way, and she finds it nearly impossible to relax. Edwina’s therapist believes her symptoms best represent ___
- A.
Obsessive-compulsive
- B.
Generalized anxiety disorder
- C.
Panic disorder
- D.
Social anxiety disorder
Correct Answer
B. Generalized anxiety disorderExplanation
Edwina's constant worry and inability to relax without being able to identify a specific reason suggests that she may have generalized anxiety disorder. This disorder is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worrying about various aspects of life, even when there is no apparent reason for concern. People with generalized anxiety disorder often experience physical symptoms such as restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and muscle tension. Therefore, generalized anxiety disorder is the most fitting explanation for Edwina's symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. Miguel calls his parents twice a day because he worries about how they might feel regarding him. Miguel most likely suffers from ________.
- A.
Free-floating anxiety disorder
- B.
Generalized anxiety disorder
- C.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- D.
Persistent depressive disorder
Correct Answer
B. Generalized anxiety disorderExplanation
Miguel's excessive worry about things beyond his control, such as car accidents and how his parents might feel, suggests that he may have generalized anxiety disorder. This disorder is characterized by persistent and excessive worry about a variety of everyday situations, which often interferes with a person's daily life. Miguel's avoidance of driving and frequent calls to his parents further indicate that his worries are causing significant distress and impairment. Therefore, generalized anxiety disorder is the most likely explanation for Miguel's symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Due to Dominique’ s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.
- A.
Exhibit an extreme fear of water
- B.
Insist that she hears voicesÂ
- C.
Refuse to leave her bed due to anxiety over what might happen during the day
- D.
Wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day
Correct Answer
D. Wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the dayExplanation
Due to Dominique's obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurring thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). One common compulsion is excessive handwashing, often driven by a fear of contamination or a need for cleanliness. This behavior helps reduce anxiety and provides temporary relief for individuals with OCD.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Nagging, intrusive thoughts are called ____, and repetitive or ritual behaviors are called____.
- A.
Diatheses; delusions
- B.
Compulsions; obsessions
- C.
Obsessions; compulsions
- D.
Diatheses; conversions
Correct Answer
C. Obsessions; compulsionsExplanation
Obsessions are nagging, intrusive thoughts that constantly occupy the mind. They are typically irrational and cause distress to the individual. On the other hand, compulsions refer to repetitive or ritual behaviors that a person feels compelled to perform in response to their obsessions. These behaviors are often performed to reduce anxiety or prevent a feared event from happening.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.
- A.
Body dysmorphic
- B.
Generalized anxiety
- C.
MoodÂ
- D.
Neurological
Correct Answer
A. Body dysmorpHicExplanation
Mae believes her daughter may have a body dysmorphic disorder because Natalie is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose, spending hours in front of the mirror and feeling that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. Natalie's obsession with her appearance, her efforts to eliminate the freckles, and her plans for plastic surgery suggest a distorted perception of her own body, which is characteristic of body dysmorphic disorder.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Which of the following is the best example of a flashback?
- A.
Eugene was bitten by a snake. Now when he sees a snake, he is careful to move away slowly and silently.
- B.
Eugene was in a boating accident. Now he experiences intense fear of large bodies of water and avoids boats
- C.
Eugene was in a car accident. He is convinced that if he starts, stops, and restarts the engine five times in a row he will avoid having a car accident.
- D.
Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again
Correct Answer
D. Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over againExplanation
This answer is the best example of a flashback because it describes Eugene experiencing a sensory trigger (a sudden loud noise) that causes him to mentally relive the traumatic event (the motorcycle accident) and feel as if it is happening all over again. This is a clear depiction of a flashback, where a person's past traumatic experience is vividly and involuntarily replayed in their mind.Rate this question:
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- 38.
Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________.
- A.
Appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feelings sad, empty, and hopeless
- B.
Exhibits three separate personalities, each distinct from the other
- C.
Hates being outside the home alone
- D.
Refuses to leave his room due to anxiety over what might happen during the day
Correct Answer
A. Appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feelings sad, empty, and hopelessExplanation
The given answer suggests that Manuel's symptoms align with the criteria for major depressive disorder. The fact that he appears tearful to others and experiences prolonged periods of feeling sad, empty, and hopeless indicates a persistent low mood, which is a key characteristic of major depressive disorder. The other options, such as exhibiting multiple personalities, hating being outside the home alone, or refusing to leave his room due to anxiety, do not necessarily align with the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder.Rate this question:
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- 39.
Long-term is to __ Disorder as short-term is to ___ Disorder.
- A.
Persistent Depressive; Major Depressive
- B.
Major Depressive; Persistent Depressive
- C.
Somatoform; Body Dysmorphic
- D.
Body Dysmorphic; Somatoform
Correct Answer
A. Persistent Depressive; Major DepressiveExplanation
The correct answer is Persistent Depressive; Major Depressive. The term "long-term" implies a chronic or ongoing condition, while "short-term" suggests a temporary or acute condition. Therefore, it is logical to associate Persistent Depressive Disorder with long-term and Major Depressive Disorder with short-term.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Which of the following least describes suicidal ideation?
- A.
Fearing you will die
- B.
Making a self-harm attempt
- C.
Spending an unusual amount of time talking about death
- D.
Writing self-harm letters
Correct Answer
A. Fearing you will dieExplanation
Suicidal ideation refers to thoughts or fantasies about taking one's own life. It is often associated with feelings of hopelessness, despair, and a desire to escape emotional pain. While fearing you will die may be a symptom of anxiety or a medical condition, it does not directly relate to suicidal ideation. The other options, such as making a self-harm attempt, spending an unusual amount of time talking about death, or writing self-harm letters, are more indicative of suicidal ideation as they involve deliberate actions or expressions related to self-harm or death.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Identify the obsession in the following sentence. “Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands.”
- A.
Concern over germs
- B.
Germs
- C.
Spending hours washing her hands
- D.
Spending hours wiping the surfaces of her home
Correct Answer
A. Concern over germsExplanation
The obsession in the sentence is the concern over germs. This is evident from the fact that Keisha is described as being "overly concerned about germs" and spends hours wiping surfaces and washing her hands to ensure cleanliness and hygiene.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.
- A.
Antisocial personality
- B.
MoodÂ
- C.
Posttraumatic stressÂ
- D.
Schizotypal personality
Correct Answer
C. Posttraumatic stressÂExplanation
Cordelia is experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder. This is evident from her symptoms such as being jumpy, irritable, avoiding talking about her friend, and experiencing flashbacks to the explosion. These symptoms are common in individuals who have experienced a traumatic event, such as witnessing the death of a loved one in a war zone. Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by these symptoms and can significantly impact a person's daily life and well-being.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole’s major depressive disorder is ________?
- A.
Asymptomatic
- B.
Episodic
- C.
Limited in duration to a few weeks
- D.
Reoccurring every few months
Correct Answer
B. EpisodicExplanation
Cole's major depressive disorder is episodic because his symptoms of major depressive disorder reoccur after a period of remission. This pattern of symptoms coming and going in episodes suggests that Cole's depressive episodes are not continuous or chronic, but rather occur in distinct episodes separated by periods of relative wellness.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Joey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor________.
- A.
Agitation
- B.
Depreivation
- C.
Disorder
- D.
Retardation
Correct Answer
D. RetardationExplanation
The correct answer is "retardation." In the given scenario, Joey exhibits slow speech, slow movements, and a lack of responsiveness when asked questions. These symptoms suggest a psychomotor retardation, which is characterized by a generalized slowing down of physical and mental processes.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Which of the following best exemplifies flight of ideas?
- A.
Gilbert attempts suicide, then calls 9-1-1
- B.
Gilbert exhibits an abundance of energy during his debate session
- C.
Gilbert speaks in a monotone voice
- D.
Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly
Correct Answer
D. Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidlyExplanation
The given answer, "Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly," best exemplifies flight of ideas. Flight of ideas is a symptom of a manic episode in bipolar disorder, where thoughts are racing and the person jumps from one topic to another without any logical connection. Talking loudly and quickly, along with rapid topic switches, indicate a high level of energy and an inability to maintain a coherent conversation. This behavior is characteristic of flight of ideas.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Identify the compulsion in the following example. Yin can’t stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. Yin spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.
- A.
Having hundreds of first editions in his book collection
- B.
Organizing the books
- C.
Thinking about the books all the time
- D.
Thinking about the order of the books all the time
Correct Answer
B. Organizing the booksExplanation
The compulsion in the given example is organizing the books. This is evident from the fact that Yin spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size. This behavior indicates a strong need or urge to have the books in a particular order, suggesting a compulsion for organization.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can’t afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing _______
- A.
Body dysmorphia
- B.
Flight of ideas
- C.
Mania
- D.
Rapid cycling
Correct Answer
C. ManiaExplanation
Janice is experiencing mania. This is evident from her abnormally and persistently elevated mood, as well as her impulsive and reckless behaviors such as breaking windows and dishes, buying an unaffordable car, and digging up her yard. These symptoms are characteristic of a manic episode, which is a distinct period of excessively high energy, impulsivity, and grandiosity often seen in bipolar disorder.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Juanita was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?
- A.
Juanita also suffers from social anxiety disorder
- B.
Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people
- C.
Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis
- D.
People who grow up with a depressed parent become depressed themselves
Correct Answer
C. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basisExplanation
Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. This means that there is a higher likelihood of developing a mood disorder if there is a family history of it. Since Juanita's mother took medicine to combat depression, it suggests that there may be a genetic predisposition for depression in their family. This is why Juanita worries that her daughter will also experience depression. Additionally, the mention of Juanita also suffering from social anxiety disorder further supports the idea that there may be a genetic and biological vulnerability to mood disorders in their family.Rate this question:
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- 49.
Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have?
- A.
Bipolar
- B.
Peripartum/postpartum
- C.
Persistent depressive
- D.
Seasonal pattern
Correct Answer
D. Seasonal patternExplanation
Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during midwinter, indicating a pattern of depression that occurs seasonally. This type of depression is known as seasonal pattern depression. It is characterized by the onset of depressive symptoms during specific seasons, typically during the winter months when there is less sunlight. The symptoms usually resolve during other seasons.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Which of the following best exemplifies a diathesis-stress model?
- A.
Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died
- B.
Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills
- C.
Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression
- D.
Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis
Correct Answer
A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father diedExplanation
This answer best exemplifies a diathesis-stress model because it suggests that Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, which is the diathesis, and the death of his mother and father act as the stressor that triggers the onset of depression. This model proposes that individuals may have a genetic vulnerability to a certain condition, but it requires the presence of environmental stressors for the condition to manifest.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 22, 2019Quiz Created by
Sdumanovsky
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