Bio 103 By Ahmad Tawalbeh (Ch 10)

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  • 1/20 Questions

    Which of the summary statements below describes the results of the following reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 O2---> 6O2 +6H2O + energy 

    • C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced 
    • O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced 
    • CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized 
    • O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized 
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About This Quiz

Bio 103 by Ahmad Tawalbeh (CH 10) explores key biochemical processes including redox reactions, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. It assesses understanding of electron transport, molecule oxidation, and ATP generation, crucial for students in advanced biology courses.

Bio 103 By Ahmad Tawalbeh (Ch 10) - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells? 

    • Mitochondrial matrix 

    • Mitochondrial star wars

    • Cytosol

    • Mitochondrial intermembrane space 

    Correct Answer
    A. Cytosol
    Explanation
    Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. It is the first step in cellular respiration and involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate. The cytosol is the fluid portion of the cell's cytoplasm, where many cellular processes take place. Therefore, glycolysis occurs in the cytosol to generate energy for the cell.

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  • 3. 

    The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by:

    • Election transport 

    • Substrate - level phosphorylation 

    • Photophosphorylation 

    • Chemiosmosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Substrate - level phosphorylation 
    Explanation
    Substrate-level phosphorylation is the correct answer because it refers to the process of ATP synthesis where a high-energy phosphate group is directly transferred from a substrate molecule to ADP, forming ATP. In glycolysis, ATP is generated through substrate-level phosphorylation when a phosphate group is transferred from a substrate molecule to ADP, producing ATP. This process does not involve the electron transport chain, photophosphorylation, or chemiosmosis.

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  • 4. 

    In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? 

    • CO2 and H2O 

    • NADH and pyruvate 

    • CO2 and NADH

    • H2O, FADH2, and citrate 

    Correct Answer
    A. NADH and pyruvate 
    Explanation
    During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate molecules. NADH is also produced as a result of the oxidation of NADH+ to NADH. Therefore, the end products of glycolysis are NADH and pyruvate.

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  • 5. 

    Which one of the following is formed by the removal of a CO2 from a molecule of pyruvate? 

    • ATP

    • Acetyl CoA

    • Water

    • Citrate 

    Correct Answer
    A. Acetyl CoA
    Explanation
    Acetyl CoA is formed by the removal of a CO2 from a molecule of pyruvate. Pyruvate is a three-carbon molecule, and when one molecule of CO2 is removed from it, it forms a two-carbon molecule called acetyl CoA. This process occurs during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA in the presence of an enzyme called pyruvate dehydrogenase. Acetyl CoA is an important molecule in cellular respiration as it enters the citric acid cycle to produce energy in the form of ATP.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration? 

    • Oxidative phosphorylation 

    • Glycolysis 

    • Citric acid cycle 

    • Pyruvate oxidation 

    Correct Answer
    A. Oxidative phosphorylation 
    Explanation
    Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred through a series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient. This proton gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP. Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and pyruvate oxidation also contribute to ATP production but to a lesser extent compared to oxidative phosphorylation.

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  • 7. 

    Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle? 

    • NAD+ only

    • NADH and FADH2

    • The electron transport cha3

    • ADP and ATP

    Correct Answer
    A. NADH and FADH2
    Explanation
    NADH and FADH2 are both electron carriers that play a crucial role in the citric acid cycle. They accept electrons from the breakdown of glucose and transfer them to the electron transport chain, where they participate in oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. NADH and FADH2 are essential for the production of energy in the form of ATP during the citric acid cycle.

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  • 8. 

    When a molecule of NAD+ gains a hydrogen atom, the molecule becomes? 

    • Dehydrogenated

    • Oxidized 

    • Reduced 

    • Redoxed

    Correct Answer
    A. Reduced 
    Explanation
    When a molecule of NAD+ gains a hydrogen atom, it undergoes a reduction reaction. Reduction is the process of gaining electrons or hydrogen atoms, resulting in a decrease in the oxidation state of the molecule. In this case, the NAD+ molecule is being reduced to NADH, as it gains a hydrogen atom. Therefore, the correct answer is "Reduced".

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  • 9. 

    Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion? 

    • Cytosol 

    • Electron transport chain 

    • Inner membrane 

    • Outer membrane 

    Correct Answer
    A. Inner membrane 
    Explanation
    ATP synthase is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. This is where the electron transport chain takes place, and ATP synthase is an integral part of this process. It is responsible for synthesizing ATP, the main energy currency of the cell. The inner membrane provides a suitable environment for ATP synthase to function efficiently, as it is impermeable to ions and creates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

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  • 10. 

    Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen is present or absent? 

    • Electron transport 

    • Glycolysis 

    • Chemiosmosis 

    • The citric acid cycle 

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycolysis 
    Explanation
    Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is the first step in cellular respiration and can proceed whether oxygen is present or absent. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. This process is anaerobic, meaning it does not require oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate can then undergo fermentation to produce additional ATP. Therefore, glycolysis is the only process listed that can proceed normally regardless of the presence of oxygen.

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  • 11. 

    Most CO2 from catabolism is released during? 

    • Glycolysis 

    • The citric acid cycle 

    • Lactate fermentation 

    • Electron transport 

    Correct Answer
    A. The citric acid cycle 
    Explanation
    The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occurs in the mitochondria of cells. During this cycle, carbon dioxide (CO2) is released as a byproduct of the breakdown of glucose and other molecules. This process occurs after glycolysis and before the electron transport chain. Therefore, the citric acid cycle is the main stage where most of the CO2 from catabolism is released.

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  • 12. 

    What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H - Lactate + NAD-

    • Oxygen 

    • NADH

    • Lactate 

    • Pyruvate 

    Correct Answer
    A. Pyruvate 
    Explanation
    In the given reaction, pyruvate is being reduced to lactate, which means it is gaining electrons. The oxidizing agent is the molecule or ion that accepts these electrons, causing the oxidation of another species. In this case, NAD+ is being reduced to NADH, indicating that it is accepting the electrons from pyruvate. Therefore, the oxidizing agent in the reaction is NAD+.

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following statements describes what happens to a molecule that functions as the reducing agent in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction? 

    • It gains electrons and gains potential energy 

    • It loses electrons and loses potential energy 

    • It gains electrons and loses potential energy 

    • It loses electrons and gains potential energy 

    Correct Answer
    A. It loses electrons and gains potential energy 
    Explanation
    In a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction, the reducing agent is responsible for donating electrons to another species. By losing electrons, the reducing agent is oxidized and therefore loses potential energy. At the same time, the species that accepts the electrons (the oxidizing agent) is reduced and gains potential energy. Therefore, the correct answer is "It loses electrons and gains potential energy."

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  • 14. 

    The final electron acceptor of election transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is? 

    • Oxygen 

    • Water

    • NAD+

    • Pyruvate 

    Correct Answer
    A. Oxygen 
    Explanation
    Oxygen is the correct answer because in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. During this process, electrons are transferred through a series of protein complexes, ultimately leading to the reduction of oxygen to water. This electron transfer generates a proton gradient, which is used to produce ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, oxygen is essential for the efficient production of ATP in aerobic respiration.

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  • 15. 

    During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location? 

    • Cytosol 

    • Mitochondrial other membrane 

    • Mitochondrial inner membrane 

    • Mitochondrial matrix 

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitochondrial matrix 
    Explanation
    During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. This is because acetyl CoA is produced in the mitochondria from the breakdown of pyruvate during the process of pyruvate decarboxylation. Acetyl CoA then enters the citric acid cycle, which takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. This cycle further breaks down acetyl CoA to produce energy in the form of ATP. Therefore, the mitochondrial matrix is the location where acetyl CoA accumulates during cellular respiration.

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  • 16. 

    During which of the following matabolic processes is most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released? 

    • Glycolysis 

    • The citric acid cycle 

    • Electron transport 

    • Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

    Correct Answer
    A. The citric acid cycle 
    Explanation
    Most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released during the citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells. During this process, acetyl-CoA, which is derived from the oxidation of pyruvate, enters the cycle and undergoes a series of reactions that result in the production of CO2 as a waste product. This CO2 is then released from the cell as a byproduct of cellular respiration.

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  • 17. 

    If glucose is the sole energy source, what function of the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals is the generated only by the reactions involved in oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA? 

    • 1/6

    • 1/3

    • 2/3

    • All of it

    Correct Answer
    A. 1/3
    Explanation
    The carbon dioxide exhaled by animals is generated only by the reactions involved in the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. This process occurs during the breakdown of glucose in the mitochondria through a series of reactions known as the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle. During this cycle, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. Since glucose is the sole energy source and all the carbon dioxide exhaled is generated through this specific reaction, the fraction of carbon dioxide exhaled by animals that is generated by the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is 1/3.

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  • 18. 

    Substrate - level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis? 

    • 0%

    • 2%

    • 38%

    • 100%

    Correct Answer
    A. 100%
    Explanation
    Substrate-level phosphorylation refers to the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP, resulting in the formation of ATP. In the case of glycolysis, substrate-level phosphorylation occurs twice, leading to the production of a total of 4 ATP molecules. Since glycolysis is the only pathway mentioned in the question, it can be inferred that all of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis is through substrate-level phosphorylation. Therefore, the correct answer is 100%.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following processes is driven by chemiosmosis? 

    • Oxidative phosphorylation 

    • Substrate - level phosphorylation 

    • ATP hydrolysis 

    • Reduction of NAD+ to NADH

    Correct Answer
    A. Oxidative phosphorylation 
    Explanation
    Oxidative phosphorylation is the process driven by chemiosmosis. Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, which creates a gradient of protons. This proton gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria and is the main source of ATP production in aerobic respiration.

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  • 20. 

    During aerobic respiration, which of the following molecules directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level? 

    • NADH

    • ATP

    • Water

    • FADH2

    Correct Answer
    A. FADH2
    Explanation
    FADH2 directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level during aerobic respiration. This molecule is produced during the Krebs cycle and carries high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where they are used to generate ATP. NADH also donates electrons to the electron transport chain, but at a higher energy level compared to FADH2. ATP is not directly involved in donating electrons, and water is the final product of the electron transport chain.

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  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Mar 25, 2020
    Quiz Created by
    Mohammed_tawalbe
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