Audio Crossover 2nd Online Quiz
Once Again Welcome BSET 2nd Year Block A & B Students to our 2nd Online Short Quiz in ELS 24-Electronics Workshop Practice 2. Let us see and test how far did you understand the topics/lessons about audio crossovers which I had been posted to our digital classroom this past few weeks. Before taking the quiz, kindly consider this video in order for you to understand the importance of crossover and how it is being installed into your speaker system. In taking the quiz, all you have to do is simply " click " after the space of the letter and Read moreselect the best answer for each statement. This Multiple Choice quiz is only good for 10 minutes. You only have one attempt to take the exam so make the best out of it. Good Luck!
Questions and Answers
- 1.
A class of electronic filters used in splitting the audio signal into separate frequency bands that can be separately routed to loudspeakers optimized for those bands.
- A.
Speaker
- B.
Microphone
- C.
Amplifier
- D.
Crossover
Correct Answer
D. CrossoverExplanation
Audio crossovers are a class of electronic filter used in audio applications. Most individual loudspeaker drivers are incapable of covering the entire audio spectrum from low frequencies to high frequencies with acceptable relative volume and absence of distortion so most hi-fi speaker systems use a combination of multiple loudspeaker drivers, each catering to a different frequency band. Crossovers split the audio signal into separate frequency bands that can be separately routed to loudspeakers optimized for those bands.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Active crossovers allow drivers covering different frequency ranges to be powered by separate amplifiers, a configuration known as ____________
- A.
Amplifiying
- B.
Bi-amping
- C.
Limiting
- D.
Phasing
Correct Answer
B. Bi-ampingExplanation
"Bi-amping" is the use of two channels of amplification to power each loudspeaker within an audio system. "Tri-amping" is the practice of connecting three channels of amplification to a loudspeaker unit: one to power the bass driver (woofer), one to power the mid-range and the third to power the treble driver (tweeter). The terms derive from the prefix bi- meaning 'two', tri- meaning 'three', and amp the abbreviation for "amplifier".Rate this question:
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- 3.
Crossover made entirely of passive components, arranged most commonly in a Cauer topology to achieve a Butterworth filter.
- A.
2 way
- B.
3 way
- C.
Passive
- D.
Active
Correct Answer
C. PassiveExplanation
A passive crossover has no active filters as were used in the electronic crossover. It uses coils (inductors) and capacitors to cause a rolloff of the audio level above or below certain frequencies to prevent unwanted portions of the audio from reaching the various speakers. The simplest types use a single coil OR capacitor connected in series with the speaker.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In this type of crossover, passive components can be utilized to construct filter circuits before the amplifier.
- A.
Active outline crossover
- B.
Active line-level crossover
- C.
Passive outline crossover
- D.
Passive line-level crossover
Correct Answer
D. Passive line-level crossoverExplanation
Their behavior changes with the signal level dependent dynamics of the drivers. They block the power amplifier from taking maximum control over the voice coil motion. They are a waste of time, if accuracy of reproduction is the goal."[2]
Alternatively, passive components can be utilised to construct filter circuits before the amplifier. This is called passive line-level crossover.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Crossovers that always require the use of power amplifiers for each output band are called
- A.
Active
- B.
Passive
- C.
Digital
- D.
Mechanical
Correct Answer
A. ActiveExplanation
Active crossovers are distinguished from passive crossovers in that they divide the audio signal prior to amplification. Active crossovers come in both digital and analog varieties. Digital active crossovers often include additional signal processing, such as limiting, delay, and equalization.Rate this question:
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- 6.
This crossover type uses the properties of the materials in a driver diaphragm to achieve the necessary filtering commonly found in full-range speakers which are designed to cover as much of the audio band as possible.
- A.
Active
- B.
Passive
- C.
Digital
- D.
Mechanical
Correct Answer
D. MechanicalExplanation
This crossover type is mechanical and uses the properties of the materials in a driver diaphragm to achieve the necessary filtering. Such crossovers are commonly found in full-range speakers which are designed to cover as much of the audio band as possible. One such is constructed by coupling the cone of the speaker to the voice coil bobbin through a compliant section and directly attaching a small lightweight whizzer cone to the bobbin. This compliant section serves as a compliant filter, so the main cone is not vibrated at higher frequencies.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Crossovers implemented using a DSP chip or other microprocessor use approximations to traditional analog circuits, known as IIR filters (Bessel, Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley etc.)
- A.
Active
- B.
Passive
- C.
Digital
- D.
Mechanical
Correct Answer
C. DigitalExplanation
Active crossovers can be implemented digitally using a DSP chip or other microprocessor. They either use digital approximations to traditional analog circuits, known as IIR filters (Bessel, Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley etc.), or they use Finite impulse response (FIR) filters. IIR filters have many similarities with analog filters and are relatively undemanding of CPU resources; FIR filters on the other hand usually have a higher order and therefore require more resources for similar characteristics. They can be designed and built so that they have a linear phase response, which is thought desirable by many involved in sound reproduction. There are drawbacks though—in order to achieve linear phase response, a longer delay time is incurred than would be necessary with an IIR or minimum phase FIR filters. IIR filters, which are by nature recursive have the drawback that if not carefully designed they may enter limit cycles resulting in non-linear distortion.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A device that passes frequencies within a certain range and rejects (attenuates) frequencies outside that range.
- A.
Low pass Filter
- B.
High pass Filter
- C.
Band pass Filter
- D.
Low Noise Filter
Correct Answer
C. Band pass FilterExplanation
Bandpass is an adjective that describes a type of filter or filtering process; it is to be distinguished from passband, which refers to the actual portion of affected spectrum. Hence, one might say "A dual bandpass filter has two passbands." A bandpass signal is a signal containing a band of frequencies not adjacent to zero frequency, such as a signal that comes out of a bandpass filter.Rate this question:
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- 9.
A type of filter having a 20 dB/decade (or 6 dB/octave) slope and a Butterworth filter characteristic.
- A.
1st order
- B.
2nd order
- C.
3rd order
- D.
4th order
Correct Answer
A. 1st orderExplanation
First-order filters have a 20 dB/decade (or 6 dB/octave) slope. All first-order filters have a Butterworth filter characteristic. First-order filters are considered by many audiophiles to be ideal for crossovers. This is because this filter type is 'transient perfect', meaning it passes both amplitude and phase unchanged across the range of interest. It also uses the fewest parts and has the lowest insertion loss (if passive). A first-order crossover allows more signals of unwanted frequencies to get through in the LPF and HPF sections than do higher order configurations.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A type of filter having a 40 dB/decade (or 12 dB/octave) slope. Second-order filters can have a Bessel, Linkwitz-Riley or Butterworth characteristic depending on design choices
- A.
1st order
- B.
2nd order
- C.
3rd order
- D.
4th order
Correct Answer
B. 2nd orderExplanation
Second-order filters have a 40 dB/decade (or 12 dB/octave) slope. Second-order filters can have a Bessel, Linkwitz-Riley or Butterworth characteristic depending on design choices and the components used. This order is commonly used in passive crossovers as it offers a reasonable balance between complexity, response, and higher frequency driver protection. When designed with time aligned physical placement, these crossovers have a symmetrical polar response, as do all even order crossovers.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A type of filter having a 60 dB/decade (or 18 dB/octave) slope, usually have a Butterworth filter characteristics.
- A.
1st order
- B.
2nd order
- C.
3rd order
- D.
4th order
Correct Answer
C. 3rd orderExplanation
Third-order filters have a 60 dB/decade (or 18 dB/octave) slope. These crossovers usually have Butterworth filter characteristics; phase response is very good, the level sum being flat and in phase quadrature, similar to a first order crossover. The polar response is asymmetric. In the original D'Appolito MTM arrangement, a symmetrical arrangement of drivers is used to create a symmetrical off-axis response when using third-order crossovers.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A type of filter having an 80 dB/decade (or 24 dB/octave) slope and are complex to design in passive form, as the components interact with each other.
- A.
1st order
- B.
2nd order
- C.
3rd order
- D.
4th order
Correct Answer
D. 4th orderExplanation
Fourth-order filters have an 80 dB/decade (or 24 dB/octave) slope. These filters are complex to design in passive form, as the components interact with each other. Steep-slope passive networks are less tolerant of parts value deviations or tolerances, and more sensitive to mis-termination with reactive driver loads.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Passive crossovers giving acoustic slopes having a 96 dB per octave are available in active crossovers and loudspeaker management systems.
- A.
Lower order
- B.
Higher order
- C.
Mixed order
- D.
4th order
Correct Answer
B. Higher orderExplanation
Passive crossovers giving acoustic slopes higher than fourth-order are not common because of cost and complexity. Filters of up to 96 dB per octave are available in active crossovers and loudspeaker management systems.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Crossovers combined with a second order lowpass and a third order high pass filter are generally passive and are used when the component values are found by computer program optimization.
- A.
Lower order
- B.
Higher order
- C.
Mixed order
- D.
4th order
Correct Answer
C. Mixed orderExplanation
Crossovers can also be constructed with mixed order filters. For example, a second order lowpass combined with a third order highpass. These are generally passive and are used for several reasons, often when the component values are found by computer program optimization. A higher order tweeter crossover can sometimes help compensate for the time offset between the woofer and tweeter, caused by non aligned acoustic centers.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Crossovers that are design because the sections can be considered separately, and the component tolerance variations will be isolated allowing the speaker drivers to be bi-wired.
- A.
Series
- B.
Parallel
- C.
Derived
- D.
Mixed
Correct Answer
B. ParallelExplanation
Parallel crossovers are by far the most common. Electrically the filters are in parallel and thus the various filter sections do not interact. This makes two-way crossovers easier to design because the sections can be considered separately, and because component tolerance variations will be isolated. Parallel crossovers also have the advantage of allowing the speaker drivers to be bi-wired. In the years before computer modeling, simplistic three-way crossovers were designed as a pair of two-way crossovers, but the advent of iterative design software has taught that this old technique creates excess gain and a 'haystack' response in the midrange output, together with a lower than anticipated input impedance.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Crossover having a high frequency signal that during a certain moment, has a positive voltage on the upper Input terminal compared to the lower Input terminal.
- A.
Series
- B.
Parallel
- C.
Derived
- D.
Mixed
Correct Answer
A. SeriesExplanation
n this topology, the individual filters are connected in series, and a driver or driver combination is connected in parallel with each filter. To understand the signal path in this type of crossover, refer to the "Series Crossover" figure, and consider a high frequency signal that, during a certain moment, has a positive voltage on the upper Input terminal compared to the lower Input terminal. The low pass filter (LPF) presents a high impedance to the signal, and the tweeter presents a low impedance; so the signal passes through the tweeter. The signal continues to the connection point between the woofer and the high pass filter (HPF).Rate this question:
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- 17.
Crossovers that include active crossovers in which one of the crossover responses is derived from the other through the use of a differential amplifier.
- A.
Series
- B.
Parallel
- C.
Derived
- D.
Mixed
Correct Answer
C. DerivedExplanation
Derived crossovers include active crossovers in which one of the crossover responses is derived from the other through the use of a differential amplifier. For example, the difference between the input signal and the output of the high pass section is a low pass response.[4] Thus, when a differential amplifier is used to extract this difference, its output constitutes the low pass filter section. The main advantage of derived filters is that they produce no phase difference between the high pass and low pass sections at any frequency.[4] The disadvantages are either
(a) that the high pass and low pass sections often have different levels of attenuation in their stop bands, i.e. their slopes are asymmetrical, or
(b) that the response of one or both sections peaks near the crossover frequency,Rate this question:
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- 18.
An analogous measure of resistance to an alternating effect, as the resistance to vibration of the medium in sound transmission.
- A.
Resistance
- B.
Reactance
- C.
Inductance
- D.
Impedance
Correct Answer
D. ImpedanceExplanation
The impedance tells you basically how much current will flow through a speaker at a certain voltage. So, ten volts of signal from your amplifier might produce two amps of current through the speaker. Double the voltage to twenty volts and the current will double as well. You'll get four times the power because the power is voltage times current (2 x 2 = 4).Rate this question:
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- 19.
An electronic device that increases the voltage, current, or power of a signal.
- A.
Crossover
- B.
Amplifier
- C.
Speaker
- D.
Transducer
Correct Answer
B. AmplifierExplanation
An audio power amplifier is an electronic amplifier that amplifies low-power audio signals (signals composed primarily of frequencies between 20 - 20 000 Hz, the human range of hearing) to a level suitable for driving loudspeakers.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A type of signal processing filter designed to have as flat a frequency response as possible in the passband.
- A.
Butterworth
- B.
Linkwitz-Riley
- C.
Cauer Topology
- D.
Bessel
Correct Answer
A. ButterworthExplanation
The Butterworth filter is a type of signal processing filter designed to have as flat a frequency response as possible in the passband. It is also referred to as a maximally flat magnitude filter. It was first described in 1930 by the British engineer and physicist Stephen Butterworth in his paper entitled "On the Theory of Filter Amplifiers"Rate this question:
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