1.
Deductive reasoning is used to make ________ based on a hypothesis.
Correct Answer
A. Predictions
Explanation
Deductive reasoning involves drawing logical conclusions based on a hypothesis. In this case, the correct answer is "predictions" because deductive reasoning is used to make predictions about the outcome or result of a particular situation or experiment. By using deductive reasoning, one can make logical inferences and anticipate what is likely to happen based on the given hypothesis.
2.
Which experimental scenario would likely produce the most trustworthy results?
Correct Answer
C. A double-bling study involving a new heart disease treatment
Explanation
A double-blind study involving a new heart disease treatment would likely produce the most trustworthy results. In a double-blind study, neither the participants nor the researchers know which treatment is being administered, reducing the chances of bias or subjective influence on the results. This helps to ensure that the results obtained are objective and reliable. Additionally, studying a new heart disease treatment adds to the importance of conducting a study with rigorous protocols to ensure accurate and trustworthy results.
3.
When a hypothesis is extensively tested and supported by a large number of studies conducted by many different scientists, then
Correct Answer
B. it is considered a scientific theory.
Explanation
When a hypothesis is extensively tested and supported by a large number of studies conducted by many different scientists, it is considered a scientific theory. This is because a scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and has been repeatedly confirmed through experimentation and observation. A hypothesis, on the other hand, is an educated guess or a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested through experimentation. Therefore, when a hypothesis has been extensively tested and supported by numerous studies, it becomes a scientific theory.
4.
Which of the following is not a defense mechanism evolved in plants?
Correct Answer
D. Pollens of cedars
Explanation
The pollens of cedars are not a defense mechanism evolved in plants. Defense mechanisms in plants usually involve physical structures such as spines, thorns, or prickles, which deter herbivores from feeding on them. Pollens, on the other hand, are reproductive structures produced by plants for the purpose of fertilization and propagation, rather than defense.
5.
It has been observed that people with relatively high stress levels get a relatively high number of colds. This is an example of a(n)
Correct Answer
A. Correlation.
Explanation
This question is asking for the term that describes the relationship between high stress levels and the number of colds someone gets. The correct answer is "correlation" because it implies that there is a connection or association between these two variables.
6.
Where does the oxygen that we breath come from?
Correct Answer
C. Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria
Explanation
Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria are responsible for producing the oxygen that we breathe. Through a process called photosynthesis, these organisms use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This oxygen is then released into the atmosphere as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Therefore, plants, algae, and cyanobacteria are the primary sources of oxygen in our environment.
7.
Why are hypothesis never accepted by scientists?
Correct Answer
B. Alternative hypotheses might provide a better answer to the research question.
Explanation
Scientists never accept hypotheses because alternative hypotheses might provide a better answer to the research question. This means that scientists are always open to new ideas and possibilities, and they understand that there may be other explanations or theories that can better explain the observed phenomenon. Therefore, they continue to explore and test different hypotheses to gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
8.
Which of the following hypotheses is testable using scientific methods?
Correct Answer
D. Bees can see ultraviolet light that humans can't.
Explanation
The hypothesis that bees can see ultraviolet light that humans can't is testable using scientific methods. This hypothesis can be tested by conducting experiments that compare the visual abilities of bees and humans, such as using specialized equipment to measure the wavelengths of light that bees and humans can detect. The results of these experiments can provide evidence to support or refute the hypothesis.
9.
Consider this hypothesis: "Drinking Echinacea tea reduces the duration and severity of colds." Which of the following statements is the best prediction based on this hypothesis?
Correct Answer
B. If people with a cold drink Echinacea tea, then they will feel better sooner than people who don't consume the tea.
Explanation
The correct answer is "If people with a cold drink Echinacea tea, then they will feel better sooner than people who don't consume the tea." This prediction is based on the hypothesis that drinking Echinacea tea reduces the duration and severity of colds. By drinking the tea, it is expected that individuals will experience a faster recovery compared to those who do not consume the tea.
10.
A scientific hypothesis has which of the following features?
Correct Answer
A. It is falsifiable.
Explanation
A scientific hypothesis has the feature of being falsifiable, meaning that it can be tested and potentially proven false through experimentation or observation. This is an important characteristic because it allows scientists to gather evidence and data to support or refute the hypothesis, leading to the development of new theories and understanding in the scientific field.
11.
Suppose that a botanist is interested in the effect of light on plants. In an experiment she conducts, 50 individuals of a single species of flowering plant are grown for 60 days under different lengths of artificial daylight. The plant species has flowers that can be either white or pink, depending on the genetics of the parent plants. The amount of water and fertilizer provided to each plant is constant. At the end of the experiment, the size of each leaf of every plant is measured. The dependent variable in this experiment is the
Correct Answer
C. Leafs Size
Explanation
The dependent variable in this experiment is the size of each leaf of every plant. This is because the botanist wants to measure the effect of light on plants, and the size of the leaves can indicate how well the plants have grown under different lengths of artificial daylight. The other options, such as flower color, duration of artificial daylight, and duration of the experiment, are not the main focus of the study and are not being directly measured.
12.
A researcher has hypothesized that the chemical tributyltin (an additive in boat paint) seeps out of the paint into the water and causes reproductive defects in developing marine snails. Which of the following would be a good control in an experiment that tests the effects of tributyltin on developing snails?
Correct Answer
D. Developing snails are kept in a tank of water and exposed to boat paint that does not contain tributyltin.
Explanation
The correct answer is developing snails are kept in a tank of water and exposed to boat paint that does not contain tributyltin. This would be a good control because it allows the researcher to compare the effects of tributyltin on developing snails to the effects of other components in the boat paint. By using boat paint that does not contain tributyltin, any observed reproductive defects in the snails can be attributed to the presence of tributyltin and not other factors in the paint.
13.
Which of the following is false about flowering plants?
Correct Answer
B. They do not produce seeds
Explanation
Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, are true seed producers. They have specialized structures called ovaries that develop into fruits after fertilization. These fruits contain seeds, which are the reproductive structures of the plant. Additionally, flowering plants have vascular tissues that transport water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant. They also produce gametes, which are the reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction. Therefore, the statement "They do not produce seeds" is false.
14.
Examine the following groups of organisms. Select all that contain a nucleus in their cells.
Correct Answer(s)
A. Plants
B. Fungi
E. Animals
F. Protista
Explanation
Plants, fungi, animals, and protista all contain a nucleus in their cells. The presence of a nucleus is a defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells, which these groups of organisms belong to. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that houses the cell's DNA and controls its activities. In contrast, archea and eubacteria are prokaryotes, which lack a nucleus and have their DNA floating freely in the cell.