Problems On Analysing Arguments-1

1. Critical reading is a demanding process. To read critically, you must slow down your reading and, with pencil in hand, perform specific operations on the text. Mark up the text with your reactions, conclusions, and questions. When you read, become an active participant. This paragraph best supports the statement that

Critical reading is a slow, dull, but essential process

The best critical reading happens at critical times in a person’s life.

Readers should get in the habit of questioning the truth of what they read

Critical reading requires thoughtful and careful attention.

2. There are no effective boundaries when it comes to pollutants. Studies have shown that toxic insecticides that have been banned in many countries are riding the wind from countries where they remain legal. Compounds such as DDT and toxaphene have been found in remote places like the Yukon and other Arctic regions. This paragraph best supports the statement that

Toxic insecticides such as DDT have not been banned throughout the world

More pollutants find their way into polar climates than they do into warmer areas

Studies have proven that many countries have ignored their own antipollution laws

DDT and toxaphene are the two most toxic insecticides in the world

3. The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures. No search of a person's home or personal effects may be conducted without a written search warrant issued on probable cause. This means that a neutral judge must approve the factual basis justifying a search before it can be conducted. This paragraph best supports the statement that the police cannot search a person's home or private papers unless they have

Legal authorization.

Direct evidence of a crime

Read the person his or her constitutional rights

A reasonable belief that a crime has occurred

4. During colonial times in America, juries were encouraged to ask questions of the parties in the courtroom. The jurors were, in fact, expected to investigate the facts of the case themselves. If jurors conducted an investigation today, we would throw out the case. This paragraph best supports the statement that

Juries are less important today than they were in colonial times

Jurors today are less interested in court cases than they were in colonial times

Courtrooms today are more efficient than they were in colonial times.

The jury system in America has changed since colonial times.

5. Mathematics allows us to expand our consciousness. Mathematics tells us about economic trends, patterns of disease, and the growth of populations. Math is good at exposing the truth, but it can also perpetuate misunderstandings and untruths. Figures have the power to mislead people. This paragraph best supports the statement that

The study of mathematics is dangerous

Words are more truthful than figures

The study of mathematics is more important than other disciplines

Figures are sometimes used to deceive people.

6. If you're a fitness walker, there is no need for a commute to a health club. Your neighborhood can be your health club. You don't need a lot of fancy equipment to get a good workout either. All you need is a well-designed pair of athletic shoes.This paragraph best supports the statement that

Fitness walking is a better form of exercise than weight lifting.

A membership in a health club is a poor investment

Walking outdoors provides a better workout than walking indoors

Fitness walking is a convenient and valuable form of exercise.

7. It is well known that the world urgently needs adequate distribution of food, so that everyone gets enough. Adequate distribution of medicine is just as urgent. Medical expertise and medical supplies need to be redistributed throughout the world so that people in emerging nations will have proper medical care.This paragraph best supports the statement that

The majority of the people in the world have never been seen by a doctor

Food production in emerging nations has slowed during the past several years

Most of the world’s doctors are selfish about giving time and money to the poor

Many people who live in emerging nations are not receiving proper medical care.

8. The criminal justice system needs to change. The system could be more just if it allowed victims the opportunity to confront the person who has harmed them. Also, mediation between victims and their offenders would give the offenders a chance to apologize for the harm they have done.This paragraph best supports the statement that victims of a crime should

Learn to forgive their offenders.

Have the right to confront their offenders

Learn the art of mediation.

Insist that their offenders be punished.

9. In the past, consumers would rarely walk into an ice cream store and order low-fat ice cream. But that isn't the case today. An increasing health consciousness combined with a much bigger selection of tasty low-fat foods in all categories has made low-fat ice cream a very profitable item for ice cream store owners.This paragraph best supports the statement that

Low-fat ice cream produces more revenue than other low-fat foods.

Ice cream store owners would be better off carrying only low-fat ice cream

Ice cream store owners no longer think that low-fat ice cream is an unpopular item.

Low-fat ice cream is more popular than other kinds of ice cream

10. A few states in this country are considering legislation that would prohibit schools from using calculators before the sixth grade. Other states take a different position. Some states are insisting on the purchase of graphing calculators for every student in middle school.This paragraph best supports the statement that in this country

There are at least two opinions about the use of calculators in schools

Calculators are frequently a detriment to learning math

State legislators are more involved in education than ever before

The price of graphing calculators is less when schools buy in bulk.

11. One of the warmest winters on record has put consumers in the mood to spend money. Spending is likely to be the strongest in thirteen years. During the month of February, sales of existing single-family homes hit an annual record rate of 4.75 million.This paragraph best supports the statement that

Consumer spending will be higher thirteen years from now than it is today.

More people buy houses in the month of February than in any other month

During the winter months, the prices of single-family homes are the lowest

Warm winter weather is likely to affect the rate of home sales.

12. One New York publisher has estimated that 50,000 to 60,000 people in the United States want an anthology that includes the complete works of William Shakespeare. And what accounts for this renewed interest in Shakespeare? As scholars point out, his psychological insights into both male and female characters are amazing even today.This paragraph best supports the statement that

Shakespeare’s characters are more interesting than fictional characters today

People today are interested in Shakespeare’s work because of the characters

Academic scholars are putting together an anthology of Shakespeare’s work

New Yorkers have a renewed interested in the work of Shakespeare

13. Human technology developed from the first stone tools about two and a half million years ago. At the beginning, the rate of development was slow. Hundreds of thousands of years passed without much change. Today, new technologies are reported daily on television and in newspapers. This paragraph best supports the statement that

Stone tools were not really technology

Stone tools were in use for two and a half million years

There is no way to know when stone tools first came into use

In today’s world, new technologies are constantly being developed.

14. Obesity is a serious problem in this country. Research suggests that obesity can lead to a number of health problems including diabetes, asthma, and heart disease. Recent research has even indicated that there may be a relationship between obesity and some types of cancer. Major public health campaigns that increase awareness and propose simple lifestyle changes that will, with diligence and desire, eliminate or least mitigate the incidence of obesity are a crucial first step in battling this critical problem. This paragraph best supports the statement that

Public health campaigns that raise consciousness and propose lifestyle changes are a productive way to fight obesity

Obesity is the leading cause of diabetes in our country.

People in our country watch too much television and do not exercise enough

A decline in obesity would radically decrease the incidence of asthma.

15. In the 1966 Supreme Court decision Miranda v. Arizona, the court held that before the police can obtain statements from a person subjected to an interrogation, the person must be given a Miranda warning. This warning means that a person must be told that he or she has the right to remain silent during the police interrogation. Violation of this right means that any statement that the person makes is not admissible in a court hearing. This paragraph best supports the statement that

Police who do not warn persons of their Miranda rights are guilty of a crime.

A Miranda warning must be given before a police interrogation can begin

The police may no longer interrogate persons suspected of a crime unless a lawyer is present

The 1966 Supreme Court decision in Miranda should be reversed

16. Walk into any supermarket or pharmacy and you will find several shelves of products designed to protect adults and children from the sun. Additionally, a host of public health campaigns have been created, including National Skin Cancer Awareness Month, that warn us about the sun's damaging UV rays and provide guidelines about protecting ourselves. While warnings about the sun's dangers are frequent, a recent survey found that fewer than half of all adults adequately protect themselves from the sun. This paragraph best supports the statement that

Children are better protected from the sun’s dangerous rays than adults

Sales of sun protection products are at an all-time high

Adults are not heeding the warnings about the dangers of sun exposure seriously enough

More adults have skin cancer now than ever before.

17. Yoga has become a very popular type of exercise, but it may not be for everyone. Before you sign yourself up for a yoga class, you need to examine what it is you want from your fitness routine. If you're looking for a high-energy, fast-paced aerobic workout, a yoga class might not be your best choice. This paragraph best supports the statement that

Yoga is more popular than high-impact aerobics.

Before embarking on a new exercise regimen, you should think about your needs and desires

Yoga is changing the world of fitness in major ways.

. most people think that yoga isn’t a rigorous form of exercise

18. Today's workforce has a new set of social values. Ten years ago, a manager who was offered a promotion in a distant city would not have questioned the move. Today, a manager in that same situation might choose family happiness instead of career advancement.This paragraph best supports the statement that

Most managers are not loyal to the corporations for which they work.

Businesses today do not understand their employees’ needs

Employees’ social values have changed over the past ten years.

Companies should require their employees to accept promotions.

19. Generation Xers are those people born roughly between 1965 and 1981. As employees, Generation Xers tend to be more challenged when they can carry out tasks independently. This makes Generation Xers the most entrepreneurial generation in history.This paragraph best supports the statement that Generation Xers

Work harder than people from other generations.

Have a tendency to be self-directed workers

Have an interest in making history.

Tend to work in jobs that require risk-taking behavior.

20. Today's high school students spend too much time thinking about trivial and distracting matters such as fashion. Additionally, they often dress inappropriately on school grounds. Rather than spending time writing another detailed dress policy, we should make school uniforms mandatory. If students were required to wear uniforms, it would increase a sense of community and harmony in our schools and it would instill a sense of discipline in our students. Another positive effect would be that teachers and administrators would no longer have to act as clothing police, freeing them up to focus on more important issues.This paragraph best supports the statement that

Inappropriate clothing leads to failing grades.

Students who wear school uniforms get into better colleges.

Teachers and administrators spend at least 25% of their time enforcing the dress code

School uniforms should be compulsory for high school students.