Practice Test About Nervous System Quiz

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for processing and coordinating information received from the sensory organs, as well as controlling reflexes and voluntary movements. The brain is the main control center of the nervous system, while the spinal cord acts as a pathway for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Together, they play a crucial role in regulating bodily functions, interpreting sensory input, and generating appropriate motor responses.

Neurons are the basic units of structure and function of the nervous system. They are specialized cells that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. Axons are long, slender extensions of neurons that carry signals away from the cell body, while dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that allow neurons to communicate with each other by transmitting signals across synapses. Together, these components form the foundation of the nervous system's ability to process and transmit information.

Neurotransmitters are indeed chemicals used by neurons to transmit impulses from one neuron to another. These chemical messengers are released from the axon terminals of one neuron and bind to receptors on the dendrites or cell body of the receiving neuron, allowing the transmission of signals across the synapse. This communication between neurons is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and plays a crucial role in various physiological processes such as cognition, movement, and mood regulation. Therefore, the statement "Neurotransmitters are chemicals used by neurons to transmit an impulse from one neuron to another" is true.

A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls reflexive actions in the body. It involves a sensory receptor that detects a stimulus, a sensory neuron that carries the sensory information to the spinal cord or brain, an interneuron that processes the information, a motor neuron that carries the response signal, and an effector (usually a muscle) that produces the reflexive action. Therefore, the statement that a reflex arc consists of a sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and effector (muscle) is true.

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for conscious activities such as thinking, reasoning, perception, and voluntary movements. It controls higher mental functions like language, memory, and decision-making. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres, each responsible for controlling the opposite side of the body. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cerebrum is indeed responsible for the conscious activities of the body, making the answer "True" correct.

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions, including the contraction of cardiac muscle. This division of the nervous system regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and other cardiovascular functions without conscious effort. The somatic nervous system, on the other hand, controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. The cerebellum is primarily involved in coordinating movement and balance, while the hypothalamus plays a role in regulating various bodily functions, but not specifically cardiac muscle.

The synapse is the correct answer because it is the specific location where a nerve cell, also known as a neuron, transfers an impulse to another cell. This transfer of information occurs through the release of chemical neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic cleft, which then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, allowing the impulse to be transmitted. The synapse is a crucial component of the nervous system and plays a vital role in communication between neurons.

The somatic division of the nervous system controls voluntary activities, such as walking the dog or singing a song. This division is responsible for the conscious control of skeletal muscles and the transmission of sensory information. It allows us to consciously initiate and control movements and actions, making it the correct answer in this case.

The hypothalamus does not directly receive messages from the sense organs. Instead, it plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep. The sense organs transmit information to the brain, specifically the sensory cortex, where it is processed and interpreted. Therefore, the statement that the hypothalamus receives messages from the sense organs is false.

The correct answer is sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting sensory information from sensory organs to the central nervous system. Motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, controlling movement and bodily functions. Interneurons are found in the central nervous system and facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons. The other options, reflex neurons, transmitter neurons, and synaptical neurons, are not recognized types of neurons.