Trematodes

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| By Andrew Blanshard
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Andrew Blanshard
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Quizzes Created: 9 | Total Attempts: 41,100
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  • 1/25 Questions

    Praziquantel and albendazole are used to treat Opisthorchis.

    • True
    • False
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Trematodes - Quiz
About This Quiz

Explore the world of Trematodes with this focused quiz. Assess your knowledge on Opisthorchis and Paragonimus, including infection sites, geographical prevalence, and treatment options. Ideal for learners in parasitology or tropical medicine, enhancing both academic and practical understanding.

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  • 2. 

    Paragonimus infection is usually treated with:

    • Praziquantel

    • Suramin

    • Nitazoxanide

    • Albendazole

    Correct Answer
    A. Praziquantel
    Explanation
    Praziquantel is the correct answer for the treatment of Paragonimus infection. Praziquantel is an anthelmintic medication that is effective against a wide range of parasitic infections, including Paragonimus. It works by causing muscle paralysis in the worms, leading to their death and subsequent elimination from the body. Praziquantel is the drug of choice for Paragonimus infection due to its high efficacy and safety profile. It is usually administered in multiple doses over a period of several days to ensure complete eradication of the parasite.

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  • 3. 

    A chest xray of what trematode infection often resembles TB?

    • Dicrocoelium dendriticum

    • Hymenolepis

    • Paragonimus

    • Option 4

    Correct Answer
    A. Paragonimus
    Explanation
    A chest x-ray of Paragonimus infection often resembles TB because both conditions can cause similar lung abnormalities, such as consolidation, cavitation, and nodules. Paragonimus is a lung fluke that can infect humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked crustaceans. It can cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and fever. TB, on the other hand, is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs. Both infections can lead to similar radiographic findings on a chest x-ray, making it difficult to differentiate between the two based on imaging alone.

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  • 4. 

    Opisthorchis viverine is found in Thailand.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    True. It has thought to contribute to the high rates of cholangiocarcinoma there.

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  • 5. 

    Schistosoma mansoni is found in South America.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    It is found in Venezuela, Brazil and Suriname as well as Africa and the Caribbean.

    Haematobium is found in Africa, Middle East and a small area of North America.


    Japonicum is found in Indonesia, China and SE Asia.

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  • 6. 

    Ectopic eggs are more likely to be found in japonicum infection than mansoni infection.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    True, because more eggs are produced in japonicum.

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  • 7. 

    Paragonimus adults lay their eggs where:

    • Small Intestine wall

    • Liver

    • Cystic lung cavities

    • Large intestine

    Correct Answer
    A. Cystic lung cavities
    Explanation
    Paragonimus adults lay their eggs in cystic lung cavities. The cystic lung cavities provide a suitable environment for the eggs to develop and eventually be released into the host's respiratory system. This is a characteristic behavior of Paragonimus, a type of lung fluke that infects mammals, including humans. By laying their eggs in the cystic lung cavities, the parasites ensure the survival and transmission of their offspring.

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  • 8. 

    Opisthorchis adults invade the lungs.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Opisthorchis adults invade the biliary ducts of the liver where they reproduce and pass embryonated eggs. Humans are infected by eating fish with metacercariae.

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  • 9. 

    Paragonimus eggs embryonate in the intestine of the host.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    They embryonate in water.

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  • 10. 

    What is eaten to become infected with Fasciola

    • Fish

    • Watercress

    • Crayfish

    • Beef

    Correct Answer
    A. Watercress
    Explanation
    The metacercariae of Fasciola encyst on watercress and other aquatic plants that is then eaten by animals.

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  • 11. 

    What do cercariae become after they penetrate the host skin and lose their tails in Schistosomiasis infection.

    • Schistosomulae

    • Adult worms

    • Metacercariae

    • Sporocysts

    Correct Answer
    A. Schistosomulae
    Explanation
    After penetrating the host skin and losing their tails in Schistosomiasis infection, cercariae develop into schistosomulae. Schistosomulae are the next stage in the life cycle of the parasite. They are immature forms of the adult worms and continue to develop and migrate within the host's body. Eventually, they will mature into adult worms and reproduce, continuing the cycle of infection.

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  • 12. 

    Heterophyes heterophyes infection is found:

    • South, Central and North America

    • Europe and Africa

    • Asia, middle East and Africa

    • South America

    Correct Answer
    A. Asia, middle East and Africa
    Explanation
    Heterophyes heterophyes infection is found in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. This is because Heterophyes heterophyes is a parasitic worm that primarily infects humans in these regions. It is commonly transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish, which serves as an intermediate host for the parasite. The infection can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Therefore, it is important for individuals in these regions to properly cook their fish to prevent infection.

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  • 13. 
    This egg measures 70 - 110 microns. It is Diphyllobothrium. - ProProfs

    This egg measures 70 - 110 microns. It is Diphyllobothrium.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    It is paragonimus. Bigger than Diphyllobothrium and slightly asymmetrical.

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  • 14. 

    Microscopy of faeces will show eggs immediately after infection with Fasciola.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    It takes 2 - 4 months for the eggs to be passed in faeces.

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  • 15. 

    Which of these trematodes have no water stage in their lifecycle.

    • Fasciola gigantica

    • Fasciolopsis buski

    • Schistosomiasis

    • Dicrocoelium dendriticum

    Correct Answer
    A. Dicrocoelium dendriticum
    Explanation
    Dicrocoelium dendriticum is the correct answer because it is the only trematode listed that does not have a water stage in its lifecycle. Trematodes typically have a complex life cycle that involves both a definitive host (usually a mammal) and an intermediate host (often a snail). In the case of Dicrocoelium dendriticum, the eggs are passed in the feces of the definitive host and are ingested by a snail. The snail then releases cercariae, which are the infective stage for the definitive host. In contrast, Fasciola gigantica, Fasciolopsis buski, and Schistosomiasis all have a water stage in their lifecycle, where the infective stage is present in water and is able to penetrate the skin of the definitive host.

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  • 16. 

    The adult Dicrocoelium worms  lay eggs where?

    • Bile ducts

    • Lungs

    • Blood

    • Intestine

    Correct Answer
    A. Bile ducts
    Explanation
    Adult Dicrocoelium worms lay eggs in the bile ducts. The bile ducts are small tubes that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver that helps break down fats in the small intestine. The adult worms reside in the bile ducts and release their eggs into the bile, which are then passed out of the body in the feces.

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  • 17. 

    Dogs are the usual hosts of Dicrocoelium dendriticum.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Ruminants are the usual hosts (as they eat the ants infected with metacercariae). Humans are accidental hosts.

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  • 18. 

    Fasciola hepatica is a rare human parasite

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    There are some cases in Bolivia and Peru but otherwise it is mainly a parasite of sheep and cattle.

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  • 19. 
    What are the dimensions of this trematode egg. - ProProfs

    What are the dimensions of this trematode egg.

    • 55 microns

    • 110 - 140 microns

    • 80 - 90 microns

    • 25 - 35 microns

    Correct Answer
    A. 80 - 90 microns
    Explanation
    It is an S.japonicum egg

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  • 20. 
    This is: - ProProfs

    This is:

    • Semisulcospira

    • Cionella

    • Bulinus

    • Oncomelania

    Correct Answer
    A. Oncomelania
    Explanation
    Oncomelania - vector for japonicum.

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  • 21. 

    Which of these are paragonimus reservoirs?

    • Mice and rats

    • Cats and dogs

    • Crayfish

    • Bears

    Correct Answer
    A. Cats and dogs
    Explanation
    Paragonimus is a type of lung fluke that can cause a parasitic infection in humans. The question is asking which animals serve as reservoirs for Paragonimus. A reservoir is a host in which the parasite can live and reproduce, potentially infecting other animals or humans. Cats and dogs can serve as reservoirs for Paragonimus, meaning they can carry the parasite and transmit it to other animals or humans. Mice and rats, crayfish, and bears are not mentioned as reservoirs for Paragonimus in the given options.

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  • 22. 

    Viable control methods for Opisthorchis include: Select 2.

    • Freezing fish below -20 or cooking thoroughly.

    • Pickling, smoking or salting fish.

    • Not using night soil in ponds.

    • Molluscide

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Freezing fish below -20 or cooking thoroughly.
    A. Not using night soil in ponds.
    Explanation
    Freezing fish below -20 or cooking thoroughly is a viable control method for Opisthorchis because it helps to kill or inactivate the parasite present in the fish. Opisthorchis is a type of parasitic flatworm that can infect humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish. Freezing the fish below -20 degrees Celsius for a certain period of time or cooking it thoroughly at high temperatures can effectively eliminate the parasite and prevent infection. Not using night soil in ponds is also a viable control method as night soil, which is human feces used as fertilizer, can contaminate water bodies and contribute to the spread of Opisthorchis.

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  • 23. 

    Which trematodes can be caught by eating undercooked fish or crayfish.

    • Heterophyes heterophyes

    • Fasciolopsis

    • Paragonimus

    • Opisthorchis

    • Fasciola

    • Dicrocoelium

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Heterophyes heterophyes
    A. Paragonimus
    A. Opisthorchis
    Explanation
    Eating undercooked fish or crayfish can lead to the transmission of certain trematodes. Heterophyes heterophyes, Paragonimus, and Opisthorchis are all examples of trematodes that can be caught through this route of transmission. These parasites can infect the human body when ingested in their larval or cyst form present in the undercooked seafood. Once inside the human body, they can cause various health issues and diseases. Fasciolopsis, Fasciola, and Dicrocoelium are other trematodes that may cause infections but are not specifically associated with eating undercooked fish or crayfish.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Jan 9, 2024 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Jan 09, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 06, 2013
    Quiz Created by
    Andrew Blanshard
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