1.
Poor posture is a faulty relationship of the various parts of the body, which produces increased strain on the supporting structures and in which there is less efficient balance of the body over its base of support.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement accurately describes poor posture as a faulty relationship between different body parts, leading to increased strain on the supporting structures and an inefficient balance of the body. This definition aligns with the understanding of poor posture as a condition that can cause discomfort and potential health issues. Therefore, the answer "True" is correct.
2.
Which of the following is true regarding vertebral curves?
Correct Answer(s)
B. They are anterior-posterior (AP)
C. They provide the vertebral column w/ more strength and resilience
D. It is 10X stronger than if a straight rod
Explanation
Vertebral curves refer to the natural curvatures present in the vertebral column. The statement "They are anterior-posterior (AP)" is true because the vertebral curves are in the anterior-posterior direction, forming four curves: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral. These curves provide the vertebral column with more strength and resilience, allowing it to absorb shocks and distribute weight evenly. The statement "It is 10X stronger than if a straight rod" is also true because the curves increase the column's load-bearing capacity, making it ten times stronger than if it were a straight rod.
3.
___________________ ____________________ is the foundation of movement.
Correct Answer(s)
posture stability
Explanation
Posture stability refers to the ability to maintain a balanced and aligned position of the body while in motion. It is the foundation of movement because having a stable posture allows for efficient and coordinated movement patterns. When the body is in a stable posture, it can generate and transfer forces effectively, improving overall movement performance and reducing the risk of injury. Good posture stability also helps to maintain proper body alignment and joint integrity, allowing for optimal muscle activation and control.
4.
Deviation from postural ideal alters the efficiency of biomechanical system subjecting it to ________________.
Correct Answer(s)
faulty movement
Explanation
Deviation from the postural ideal refers to any deviation or misalignment from the optimal posture or body position. This misalignment alters the efficiency of the biomechanical system, which includes the bones, muscles, and joints, causing it to function in a faulty manner. As a result, the individual may experience difficulties in movement, such as reduced range of motion, imbalance, or pain. Therefore, the correct answer is "faulty movement."
5.
The point around which a rigid body rotates at a given instant of time.
Correct Answer
B. Path of instantaneous center of rotation (PICR)
Explanation
The path of instantaneous center of rotation (PICR) refers to the point around which a rigid body rotates at a specific moment in time. It is the locus of points that have zero velocity in the body, allowing it to rotate without any translational motion. The PICR is an important concept in the study of rotational motion and is used to analyze the kinematics and dynamics of rotating objects.
6.
Two forces of equal magnitude but opposite direction with parallel lines of application.
Correct Answer
A. Force couple
Explanation
A force couple refers to two forces that have equal magnitude but act in opposite directions and have parallel lines of application. This creates a rotational effect without any translational motion. The forces in a force couple do not cancel each other out, but instead create a turning effect around a pivot point. This concept is commonly used in engineering and physics to describe the rotational forces acting on an object.
7.
The force couple causes the body to rotate around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the forces.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The force couple refers to a pair of forces that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, but do not act along the same line of action. When a force couple is applied to a body, it creates a torque or moment which causes the body to rotate. The axis of rotation is perpendicular to the plane formed by the forces. Therefore, the statement that the force couple causes the body to rotate around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the forces is true.
8.
The major determinant of PICR is the force couple on the joint.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The force couple on the joint is the main factor that determines the Posterior Inferior Capsular Releasing Rate (PICR). This means that the amount of force and the direction in which it is applied to the joint will have a significant impact on the rate at which the posterior inferior capsule is released. Therefore, it can be concluded that the statement is true.
9.
________ __ _________ indication of faulty muscle synergy in force couple.
Correct Answer
Deviation of PICR
Explanation
The given answer, "Deviation of PICR," suggests that a deviation in the Pattern of Isometric Contraction Ratio (PICR) is an indication of a faulty muscle synergy in a force couple. In other words, when there is a deviation in the ratio of muscle contractions during an isometric (constant muscle length) contraction, it implies that there is a problem with how the muscles are working together in a force couple. This could indicate an imbalance or dysfunction in the coordination of muscles, leading to inefficient or ineffective force production.
10.
Efficiency & longevity of the biomechanical system requires maintenance of ideal movement patterns.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
To maintain efficiency and longevity of the biomechanical system, it is necessary to maintain ideal movement patterns. This means that the body should move in a way that is biomechanically efficient and minimizes the risk of injury. By maintaining ideal movement patterns, the body can distribute forces evenly, reduce stress on joints and muscles, and optimize performance. This can be achieved through proper posture, alignment, and movement technique, as well as regular exercise, stretching, and conditioning. Therefore, the statement is true.
11.
Which of the following are contributors to Impaired Posture and Movement?
Correct Answer(s)
A. ROM
B. Muscle length
C. Joint integrity/mobility
D. Muscle performance
E. Motor control
F. Pain
G. Neural integrity/mobility
Explanation
Impaired posture and movement can be caused by various factors. ROM (range of motion) refers to the extent of movement that a joint can achieve, and limited ROM can lead to impaired posture and movement. Muscle length refers to the flexibility and extensibility of muscles, and tight or shortened muscles can affect posture and movement. Joint integrity and mobility are important for proper movement, and any issues with the joints can contribute to impaired posture and movement. Muscle performance refers to the strength and endurance of muscles, and weak or imbalanced muscles can affect posture and movement. Motor control refers to the ability to coordinate and control movements, and deficits in motor control can lead to impaired posture and movement. Pain can also contribute to impaired posture and movement, as it can limit movement and affect muscle activation. Lastly, neural integrity and mobility are important for proper communication between the brain and muscles, and any issues with the nerves can affect posture and movement.
12.
Education regarding attention to postural alignment in frequently held/prolonged positions is key to:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Optimizing jt. postions during rest & function
B. Reducing tension placed on elongated muscles
C. Improving muscle balance through increasing tension placed on shortened muscles
Explanation
Education regarding attention to postural alignment in frequently held/prolonged positions is important because it helps optimize joint positions during rest and function. By maintaining proper alignment, it reduces the tension placed on elongated muscles, preventing strain and potential injuries. Additionally, it improves muscle balance by increasing tension on shortened muscles, which helps restore equilibrium and prevent imbalances that can lead to pain and dysfunction.
13.
Adjunctive Interventions include:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Corsets/Bracing
B. Orthotics
C. Taping
D. pHotograpHs/mirrors for feedback
Explanation
Adjunctive interventions are additional treatments or techniques used in conjunction with primary interventions to enhance their effectiveness. In this case, the correct answer includes corsets/bracing, orthotics, taping, and photographs/mirrors for feedback. These interventions are commonly used in various medical and therapeutic settings. Corsets/bracing provide support and stability to the spine or other body parts. Orthotics are devices like shoe inserts or braces that help correct or support the alignment of the feet or other body parts. Taping involves applying adhesive tape to injured or unstable body areas to provide support and facilitate healing. Photographs/mirrors for feedback can be used in therapy to help patients visually assess their movements or posture and make necessary adjustments.
14.
Forward head posture includes:
Correct Answer
A. Increased flexion of lower cervical/upper thoracic region/ Increased ext of capital extension
Explanation
The correct answer is increased flexion of the lower cervical/upper thoracic region and increased extension of capital extension. This means that the person's head is positioned forward, causing increased flexion (bending) in the lower part of the neck and upper part of the back. Additionally, there is increased extension (arching) of the head. This posture can lead to muscle imbalances and strain on the neck and upper back muscles.
15.
Increased lumbar lordosis includes:
Correct Answer(s)
A. >30 degrees of lumbosacral angle
C. Shortened lumbar extensors
D. Lengthened abdominals
F. Approximation of lumbar facets/narrowing of intervertebral space
Explanation
Increased lumbar lordosis refers to an excessive inward curvature of the lower spine. It is characterized by a lumbosacral angle greater than 30 degrees, which indicates an increased curvature. This condition is often accompanied by shortened lumbar extensors, which are the muscles that help maintain the normal curvature of the spine. Additionally, the abdominals become lengthened due to the increased curvature, as they are stretched in order to compensate for the excessive curvature. Finally, increased lumbar lordosis can lead to approximation of the lumbar facets and narrowing of the intervertebral space, which can cause pain and discomfort.
16.
Increased Thoracic kyphosis includes:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Plumb line significantly anterior to thoracic vertebrae
B. Protracted scapulae
D. Often accompanies increased lumbar lordosis
E. Lengthened thoracic spinal extensors, scapular retractors/downward rotators
Explanation
Increased thoracic kyphosis refers to an excessive forward curvature of the thoracic spine. This can be identified by the plumb line being significantly anterior to the thoracic vertebrae, indicating a forward shift of the upper body's center of gravity. Protracted scapulae, where the shoulder blades are positioned more forward and away from the spine, are also commonly observed. Increased lumbar lordosis, an exaggerated inward curvature of the lower back, often accompanies thoracic kyphosis. This condition is caused by lengthened pectoral muscles, intercostal muscles, scapular protractors/upward rotators, and thoracic spinal extensors, as well as scapular retractors/downward rotators.
17.
Sway back (slouched/relaxed) Posture includes:
Correct Answer(s)
B. Hip extension, thorax shifted posteriorly, Usually forward head
C. Shortened upper abs, intercostals, hip extensors & lumbar extensors
D. Lengthened lower abs, thoracic extensors & hip flexors
Explanation
The correct answer describes the characteristics of a sway back (slouched/relaxed) posture. In this posture, the entire pelvic segment is shifted posteriorly, causing hip extension and a posterior shift of the thorax. The person with this posture usually has a forward head position. The upper abs, intercostals, hip extensors, and lumbar extensors are shortened, while the lower abs, thoracic extensors, and hip flexors are lengthened. These imbalances in muscle length and position contribute to the characteristic sway back posture.
18.
Flat low-back (Decreased Lumbar Lordosis) includes:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Decreased lumbosacral angle
B. Hip extension
E. Lengthened lumbar extensors & possibly hip flexors
19.
Flat upper back includes:
Correct Answer(s)
A. Decreased thoracic kypHosis
B. Depressed scapulae/ Clavicle/ and decreased cervical lordosis
D. Lengthened scapular protractors & intercostals