1.
Custody staff are authorized to enforce adult county correctional facility rules and regulations. Means to enforce such rules and regulations that do not need express permission by the Administrator or staff member of the rank of Sergeant or above include which of the following:
I. Constructive Authority
II. Physical Force
III. Mechanical Force
IV. Physical Contact
Correct Answer
C. I AND IV
Explanation
Custody staff are authorized to enforce adult county correctional facility rules and regulations without needing express permission from the Administrator or staff member of the rank of Sergeant or above. This means that they have the authority to enforce the rules through constructive authority, which refers to using their position and verbal communication to ensure compliance. They can also enforce the rules through physical contact, which may involve physically restraining or escorting individuals. Therefore, the correct answer is I AND IV.
2.
The use of arm bars and wrist locks are examples of physical contact.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Arm bars and wrist locks are techniques used in martial arts and self-defense, which involve immobilizing an opponent's arm or wrist joint. These techniques do require physical contact between the practitioner and the opponent. Therefore, the statement that arm bars and wrist locks are examples of physical contact is incorrect.
3.
Which of the following are examples of Constructive authority:
I. verbal commands
II. gestures
III. electronic control device
IV. unholstering a weapon
Correct Answer
D. I, II, AND IV
Explanation
Constructive authority refers to the use of non-lethal force or actions to gain compliance or control over a situation. Verbal commands (I) can be used to direct individuals and establish authority. Gestures (II) such as hand signals or body language can also be used to communicate and assert authority. Unholstering a weapon (IV) can be seen as a show of force and authority. Electronic control devices (III) like stun guns or tasers are not considered examples of constructive authority as they deliver a form of physical force. Therefore, the correct answer is I, II, AND IV.
4.
Which of the following are true in regard to using of force:
I. A custody staff member may use the amount of force reasonably necessary
II. If an individual resists force may be increased
III. If the individual submits the degree of force used may be increased
IV. If the individual resists the use of force additional force may be used as means of discipline
Correct Answer
D. I AND II
5.
Following the use of physical force, written reports shall be prepared and completed by the custody staff members involved within 24 hours.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because the correct answer is that written reports shall be prepared and completed by the custody staff members involved immediately after the use of physical force, not within 24 hours.
6.
Deadly force is justified if you reasonably believe that the force is necessary to protect the person or another from imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because according to the given explanation, deadly force is considered justified if there is a reasonable belief that it is necessary to protect oneself or another person from an immediate threat of death or serious bodily harm. This implies that in certain situations, using deadly force can be seen as a legitimate means of self-defense or protecting others.
7.
In no case shall use of force be justified as a means of punishment or discipline.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is expressing that the use of force should never be justified as a form of punishment or discipline. This means that resorting to physical violence or aggression should not be considered an acceptable way to discipline or punish someone. Instead, alternative methods that promote understanding, communication, and non-violence should be sought. Therefore, the correct answer is True, as it aligns with the principle that force should not be used for punishment or discipline.
8.
To enforce adult county correctional facility regulations where expressly permitted by facility regulations or in situations where a custody staff member with the rank of Lieutenant or above believes that failure of the inmate to comply with regulations constitutes an immediate threat to personal safety or correctional facility security.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because it states that adult county correctional facility regulations can be enforced in situations where a custody staff member with the rank of Lieutenant or above believes that failure to comply with regulations poses an immediate threat to personal safety or facility security. However, this is not true as the statement does not mention any specific circumstances or conditions under which these regulations can be enforced. Therefore, without clear guidelines, it is not possible to enforce these regulations solely based on the belief of a staff member.
9.
Examples of non-deadly force include which of the following:
I. Constructive Authority
II. Physical Force
III. Mechanical Force
IV. Physical Contact
Correct Answer
D. II AND III
Explanation
Non-deadly force refers to the use of force that is not intended to cause death or serious bodily harm. Physical force and mechanical force both fall under this category as they can be used to subdue or control a person without causing significant harm. Physical contact, on the other hand, is a broad term that can include both non-deadly and deadly force depending on the circumstances. Therefore, the correct answer is II AND III, as they are examples of non-deadly force.
10.
Examples of mechanical force include:
I. Use of a baton
II. Use of canine
III. Use of a shotgun
IV. Use of a chemical or natural agent
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
The correct answer is "All of the above" because all of the options listed (I, II, III, and IV) are examples of mechanical force. Using a baton, a canine, a shotgun, and a chemical or natural agent all involve the application of mechanical force to achieve a desired outcome.
11.
When the custody staff member _______________ that deadly force is immediately necessary to prevent the escape of an inmate committed to a correctional facility, deadly force ________ to detain the person charged with, or convicted of an offense, provided that the custody staff member reasonably believes that the force employed creates ___________ of injury to innocent persons.
Correct Answer
C. Reasonably believes, may be used, no substantial risk
Explanation
When the custody staff member reasonably believes that deadly force is immediately necessary to prevent the escape of an inmate committed to a correctional facility, deadly force may be used to detain the person charged with, or convicted of an offense, provided that the custody staff member reasonably believes that the force employed creates no substantial risk of injury to innocent persons.
12.
Whenever feasible, the custody staff member shall contact the central control of the adult county correctional facility to request assistance before engaging in any use of force that reasonably could result in serious bodily harm.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The correct answer is True because it is important for custody staff members to prioritize safety and minimize the risk of serious bodily harm. By contacting the central control of the correctional facility before using force, they can ensure that appropriate assistance and resources are available to handle the situation effectively and safely. This helps to protect both the staff member and the individual involved, promoting a more secure and controlled environment within the facility.
13.
A custody staff member shall not fire a weapon solely to disable a moving vehicle.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
A custody staff member should not fire a weapon solely to disable a moving vehicle because it can lead to serious consequences such as injury or death to the occupants of the vehicle, as well as bystanders. Instead, they should use alternative methods such as pursuing the vehicle, using non-lethal force, or coordinating with other law enforcement agencies to safely stop the vehicle. This policy is in place to prioritize the safety of all individuals involved and to minimize the risk of unnecessary harm.
14.
The custody staff member shall not discharge a firearm if there is a substantial risk of injury to innocent persons.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because it is the responsibility of the custody staff member to ensure the safety of innocent individuals. Discharging a firearm in a situation where there is a substantial risk of injury to innocent persons would go against this responsibility and could result in harm or even death. Therefore, it is crucial for the custody staff member to exercise caution and only use firearms when there is no substantial risk to innocent individuals.
15.
A custody staff member is under no obligation to ____________ when resistance is encountered or threatened. However, a custody staff member shall not resort to the use of deadly force if the custody staff member reasonably believes that an alternative to the use of _________ will avert or eliminate an imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm, and achieve the law enforcement objective at no increased risk to the custody staff member or another person.
Correct Answer
C. Retreat or desist, deadly force
Explanation
When resistance is encountered or threatened, a custody staff member is not obligated to retreat or desist. However, they should not resort to the use of deadly force if they reasonably believe that an alternative to the use of deadly force will eliminate the imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm, and achieve the law enforcement objective without increasing the risk to themselves or others.
16.
Deadly force shall not be used against persons whose conduct is injurious only to themselves.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
This statement is true because the use of deadly force is generally reserved for situations where there is an imminent threat to the life of the officer or others. If a person's conduct is only harmful to themselves and does not pose a direct danger to others, the use of deadly force would not be justified. Law enforcement agencies typically have policies and guidelines in place that restrict the use of deadly force to situations where it is necessary to protect the lives of others.
17.
Deadly force ___________ against persons other than inmates when the custody staff member reasonably believes that the person presents an imminent threat of death or serious bodily harm __________________.
Correct Answer
A. May be used, to the staff member or another person
Explanation
Deadly force may be used against persons other than inmates when the custody staff member reasonably believes that the person presents an imminent threat of death or serious bodily harm to the staff member or another person. This means that if the staff member perceives a situation where there is a risk of death or serious injury to themselves or someone else, they are authorized to use deadly force to protect themselves or others. The use of deadly force is not limited to the staff member alone, but extends to another person who may be in danger.
18.
In situations where a violation of law is suspected, _______________ of harm to an individual or destruction of property is present, the custody staff member shall _________________ the central control of the adult county correctional facility.
Correct Answer
B. But no imminent danger, immediately contact
Explanation
When a violation of law is suspected, if there is no imminent danger of harm to an individual or destruction of property, the custody staff member should immediately contact the central control of the adult county correctional facility. This means that if there is no immediate threat to anyone's safety or property, the staff member should still report the violation as soon as possible, but without the need for immediate action.
19.
Prior to being permitted to carry a firearm on-duty, custody staff shall have:
I. Taken and successfully completed the P.T.C. approved the basic course for county correction officers
II. Taken and successfully completed a firearms training course at a P.T.C. approved training facility
III. Been sworn as peace officers by taking the oath of office and completing the Oath of Office form
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
The correct answer is "All of the above" because custody staff must meet all three requirements in order to be permitted to carry a firearm on-duty. They must have successfully completed the P.T.C. approved basic course for county correction officers, completed a firearms training course at a P.T.C. approved training facility, and been sworn as peace officers by taking the oath of office and completing the Oath of Office form. Therefore, both statements I and III as well as statements I and II, and statements II and III are true, making "All of the above" the correct answer.
20.
Which of the following are not true in regard to custody staff members law enforcement powers while off-duty:
I. Are not required to exercise those powers or to carry firearms during off-duty hours
II. Utmost caution shall be exercised to determine when and under what conditions to use force
III. Must take the action which he or she determines to be least dangerous or harmful to persons or property
IV. Must exercise those powers and carry firearms during off-duty hours
Correct Answer
D. IV
Explanation
Custody staff members are not required to exercise their law enforcement powers or carry firearms during off-duty hours. This means that statement IV, which states that they must exercise those powers and carry firearms during off-duty hours, is not true.
21.
The custody staff member shall immediately contact the shift commander and shall write a special report when the custody staff member participated in or witnessed an incident in which:
I. A firearm was discharged outside of the firing range area
II. A use of force resulted in death or serious bodily harm
III. A firearm was exhibited as a means of constructive authority
IV. An individual alleges that serious bodily harm has been inflicted
Correct Answer
D. I, II, AND IV
Explanation
The correct answer is I, II, AND IV. In this scenario, the custody staff member is required to immediately contact the shift commander and write a special report when they participate in or witness an incident where a firearm is discharged outside of the firing range area (I), a use of force results in death or serious bodily harm (II), or an individual alleges that serious bodily harm has been inflicted (IV). These incidents are considered significant and require immediate reporting and documentation to ensure accountability and transparency.
22.
Which of the following are true in regard to drawing or exhibiting a firearm:
I. For maintenance of the firearm
II. In order to demonstrate usage during tours of the facility
III. As a means of constructive authority
IV. A reasonable belief it's necessary in the performance of the custody staff member's duties
Correct Answer
D. I, III, AND IV
Explanation
Drawing or exhibiting a firearm is true for maintenance purposes, as it may be necessary to inspect and clean the firearm. It is also true as a means of constructive authority, as displaying a firearm can help establish authority and maintain control in certain situations. Additionally, it is true if there is a reasonable belief that it is necessary in the performance of the custody staff member's duties, such as in response to a potential threat or to maintain safety and security. Therefore, the correct answer is I, III, and IV.
23.
In any case that a custody staff member uses force to control an individual, the minimum force possible that is objectively reasonable under the totality of the circumstances shall be used, consistent with facility procedures.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because when a custody staff member needs to use force to control an individual, they should only use the minimum amount of force that is objectively reasonable based on the situation. This means that the force used should be proportionate to the threat or resistance being faced. The staff member should also follow facility procedures to ensure that the use of force is justified and appropriate. Overall, the statement emphasizes the importance of using force judiciously and responsibly in custody situations.
24.
The use of non-deadly force against persons is not justified for which of the following?
I. To protect self or others against the use of unlawful force
II. To protect self or others against death or serious bodily harm
III. To prevent serious damage to property
IV. To prevent the passage of contraband
Correct Answer
D. I, II, AND III
Explanation
Non-deadly force is justified for the protection of self or others against the use of unlawful force, to protect against death or serious bodily harm, and to prevent serious damage to property. However, the use of non-deadly force is not justified to prevent the passage of contraband. Therefore, the correct answer is I, II, AND III.
25.
Which of the following are examples of physical force?
I. wrestling a resisting individual to the ground
II. unholstering of a weapon
III. using wrist locks or arm locks
IV. use of canines
Correct Answer
A. I AND III
Explanation
The examples of physical force in this question are wrestling a resisting individual to the ground and using wrist locks or arm locks. These actions involve direct physical contact and the use of physical strength to subdue or control another person. Unholstering a weapon and the use of canines, on the other hand, do not necessarily involve physical force as they rely on the threat or potential use of force rather than direct physical contact. Therefore, the correct answer is I AND III.
26.
While engaged in a roving patrol of the facility grounds an officer observes a female in the visitor parking lot breaking the driver side window of a car with a baseball bat. After calling the situation into centre control the officer approaches the individual and orders her to drop the bat. The woman drops the bat and lunges at the officer at which time he deploys OC, sweeps her to the ground and handcuffs her. The officer's actions were not reasonable per 10A as she was only destructive to the property upon initial confrontation.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The officer's actions were reasonable per 10A because the woman posed a threat by lunging at the officer after breaking the car window. The officer used OC spray to subdue the woman and then handcuffed her to ensure the safety of himself and others.
27.
Deadly force is justifiable if the custody staff member can otherwise secure his or her complete safety or the complete safety of the protected person.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because it states that deadly force is justifiable only if the custody staff member can secure their complete safety or the complete safety of the protected person. However, in many cases, the use of deadly force may not be justifiable even if complete safety can be ensured. The use of force should always be proportionate to the threat and should be a last resort after all other non-lethal options have been exhausted.
28.
Officer Smith reports to you that he lost his official photo identification card and badge on Friday. He reports the loss to you on Monday upon his return to work and says that he has yet to report the loss to the local law enforcement agency. Smith is not in violation of 10A as he has 72 hours to report the loss.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
According to the given information, Officer Smith lost his official photo identification card and badge on Friday and reported the loss to the supervisor on Monday. It is stated that Smith has not yet reported the loss to the local law enforcement agency. The statement claims that Smith is not in violation of 10A as he has 72 hours to report the loss. However, this statement is false because it does not align with the information provided. The question does not mention any specific regulations or policies related to reporting the loss within a certain time frame. Therefore, it cannot be inferred that Smith is not in violation of any rule.
29.
While exiting the facility at the end of your tour you observe Officer S unholster his weapon, place it into the glove compartment and lock it in his car. Upon questioning him he states to you that he is running late for work and doesn't have time to store his weapon in the armoury. Based upon his explanation it is reasonable to believe that due to the unusual special circumstances and the fact that he secured it he has not violated 10A.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The explanation for the answer "False" is that Officer S violated 10A. Even though he secured his weapon in the glove compartment and locked it in his car, it is still a violation because he did not store it in the armory as required. The fact that he was running late for work does not justify disregarding the proper protocol for storing weapons. Therefore, it is not reasonable to believe that he did not violate 10A.
30.
When an authorized firearm is believed to have been lost or stolen, the custody staff member shall report this fact to the local law enforcement authorities where the firearm is known or believed to be lost or stolen and to the Administrator or designee _______________________from the time the custody staff member is aware that the firearm is missing.
Correct Answer
C. As soon as possible, but no later than three hours
Explanation
When an authorized firearm is believed to have been lost or stolen, it is crucial for the custody staff member to report it promptly to the local law enforcement authorities and to the Administrator or designee. The correct answer states that the report should be made "as soon as possible, but no later than three hours" from the time the custody staff member becomes aware of the missing firearm. This timeframe ensures that the authorities are notified promptly to initiate appropriate actions to locate and recover the firearm, while also allowing for any necessary initial investigations or searches to be conducted within a reasonable timeframe.
31.
Once a custody staff member has qualified on his or her authorized off-duty firearms, the custody staff member shall receive the official State of New Jersey Firearms Unit Weapons Card. Custody staff members shall be required to carry their weapons card, their official badge and photo identification card while off-duty.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
Custody staff members are not required to carry their weapons card, official badge, and photo identification card while off-duty.
32.
All security and custody personnel shall receive semi-annual training in proper methods and techniques of using the types of force listed in this subchapter and in the lawful and appropriate use of force. In addition to semi-annual training, retraining may be repeated as needed.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because the given passage states that security and custody personnel shall receive semi-annual training in the proper methods and techniques of using force, not that they are required to receive retraining as needed. The passage only mentions that retraining may be repeated as needed, but it is not a requirement. Therefore, the correct answer is false.
33.
Before using a firearm the custody staff member must always attempt to identify himself or herself as a custody staff member and state his or her intent to shoot.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The statement is false because before using a firearm, a custody staff member must prioritize the safety and protection of themselves and others. In high-risk situations, it may not be possible or safe to attempt to identify oneself and state intent to shoot. The use of a firearm should be a last resort and only used when there is an immediate threat to life.
34.
While on patrol an officer observes an inmate climb over the fence of the perimeter and take flight. As the officer approaches the inmate he draws and fires his weapon near the inmate's feet as a means of constructive authority. The inmate complies with all orders at that point. According to 10A, the officer's actions were correct in order to regain custody.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The officer's actions were not correct in order to regain custody. According to 10A, the use of force should be necessary and proportionate to the threat posed by the inmate. In this scenario, the inmate was already complying with all orders, so there was no immediate threat that required the officer to draw and fire his weapon. The officer should have used alternative means to regain custody without resorting to such a drastic measure.
35.
The custody staff member shall not discharge a firearm if there is a substantial risk of injury to innocent persons.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The statement is true because it emphasizes the responsibility of custody staff members to prioritize the safety of innocent individuals. Discharging a firearm should only occur when there is no substantial risk of harm to innocent persons. This highlights the importance of considering the potential consequences and taking necessary precautions before using firearms in custody situations.
36.
While making a tour of the SHU an inmate approaches the officer's desk with a knife to her throat. As you begin speaking with her she begins to puncture her throat deep enough to draw blood. You deploy a chemical agent to her and order an officer to strike her in the hand with a baton. Upon striking her hand she drops the knife and is able to be handcuffed. The actions taken violated 10A as force may not be used against persons whose actions are solely self-injurious.
Correct Answer
B. False
Explanation
The actions taken did not violate 10A as force may be used against persons whose actions are solely self-injurious.
37.
Whenever possible, the custody staff member shall contact central control of the adult county correctional facility to request assistance before engaging in any use of force.
Correct Answer
A. True
Explanation
The correct answer is true because it is important for custody staff members in adult county correctional facilities to prioritize safety and minimize the use of force. By contacting central control before engaging in any use of force, staff members can ensure that they follow proper protocols, receive guidance, and potentially de-escalate the situation without resorting to force. This step helps to maintain a safe and controlled environment within the facility.