Trivia Quiz On Neurons

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| By Will Dorsey

Will Dorsey

Community Contributor

Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 3,348

Questions: 10 | Attempts: 723 | Updated: Mar 22, 2023

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Questions and Answers

1.

The 3 main kinds of neurons are:
- A.
  
  Sensory neuron, motor neuron and glial cells
- B.
  
  Sensory neuron, interneuron and motor neuron
- C.
  
  Sensory neuron, interneuron and glial cells
- D.
  
  Interneuron, motor neuron and glial cells
Correct Answer
B. Sensory neuron, interneuron and motor neuron

Explanation
The correct answer is sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron. These are the three main types of neurons found in the nervous system. Sensory neurons transmit signals from sensory organs to the central nervous system. Interneurons are found within the central nervous system and help to relay signals between sensory and motor neurons. Motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands, resulting in a response or action. Glial cells, while important for supporting and protecting neurons, are not considered one of the main types of neurons.

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2.

Nerve messages enter neurons through the:
- A.
  
  Dendrite
- B.
  
  Axon
- C.
  
  Synaptic terminal
- D.
  
  Cell body
Correct Answer
A. Dendrite

Explanation
Nerve messages enter neurons through the dendrite. Dendrites are the branch-like extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. They contain receptors that bind to neurotransmitters released by neighboring neurons, allowing the electrical impulses to be transmitted into the neuron. Therefore, dendrites play a crucial role in the initial reception and integration of incoming signals, making them the correct answer in this case.

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3.

The gap between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle cell is called a:
- A.
  
  Synapse
- B.
  
  Neurotransmitter
- C.
  
  Resting potential
- D.
  
  Vesicle
Correct Answer
A. Synapse

Explanation
A synapse is the correct answer because it refers to the gap between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle cell. It is a specialized junction where electrical or chemical signals are transmitted from one cell to another. This allows for communication and coordination between different cells in the nervous system.

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4.

In an axon which is in its resting state, which molecules are located inside?
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
  
  Positively charged proteins
Correct Answer
C.

Explanation
In an axon which is in its resting state, positively charged proteins are located inside. This is because during the resting state, the axon maintains a negative charge inside compared to the outside. Positively charged proteins, known as cations, are responsible for maintaining this negative charge by being present inside the axon. This balance of charges is crucial for the proper functioning of the axon and the transmission of electrical signals.

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5.

Which of the following is not true of the action potential?
- A.
- B.
- C.
- D.
  
  The inside of the axon is briefly more positive than the outside of the axon.
Correct Answer
A.

Explanation
During an action potential, the inside of the axon briefly becomes more positive than the outside. This is due to a rapid influx of positively charged ions, such as sodium, into the axon. This temporary change in polarity allows the electrical signal to propagate along the length of the axon. Therefore, the statement that the inside of the axon is briefly more positive than the outside is true.

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6.

Which of the following is the result of calcium ions diffusing into the neuron?
- A.
  
  Vesicles containing neurotransmitters fuse with the cell membrane
- B.
  
  Potassium channels open
- C.
  
  The sodium/potassium pump begins actively transporting ions
- D.
  
  Nerve messages are inhibited
Correct Answer
A. Vesicles containing neurotransmitters fuse with the cell membrane

Explanation
Calcium ions play a crucial role in the process of neurotransmitter release. When calcium ions diffuse into the neuron, they bind to proteins on the vesicles containing neurotransmitters. This binding triggers the fusion of these vesicles with the cell membrane, allowing the neurotransmitters to be released into the synapse. This release of neurotransmitters is essential for nerve communication and the transmission of signals between neurons.

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7.

Saltatory conduction involves which of the following?
- A.
  
  Nodes of Ranvier
- B.
  
  Potassium channel proteins
- C.
  
  Gray matter
- D.
  
  Acetylcholine
Correct Answer
A. Nodes of Ranvier

Explanation
Saltatory conduction is a process by which nerve impulses jump from one node of Ranvier to another along a myelinated axon. Nodes of Ranvier are small gaps in the myelin sheath where the axon is exposed. These nodes play a crucial role in speeding up the conduction of electrical signals by allowing the impulses to "leap" from node to node, rather than having to travel the entire length of the axon. Therefore, the presence of nodes of Ranvier is directly associated with saltatory conduction.

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8.

Acetylcholine causes:
- A.
  
  The depolarization of the sarcolemma.
- B.
  
  An action potential to fire down the axon.
- C.
  
  Calcium channels in the cell membrane to open.
- D.
  
  Calcium ions to be pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Correct Answer
A. The depolarization of the sarcolemma.

Explanation
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is released at the neuromuscular junction. When it binds to its receptors on the sarcolemma (cell membrane of a muscle fiber), it causes the depolarization of the sarcolemma. This depolarization leads to the generation of an action potential, which then travels down the axon of the muscle fiber. The opening of calcium channels in the cell membrane and the pumping of calcium ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum are not directly caused by acetylcholine.

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9.

Which of the following is true of sensory neurons?
- A.
  
  Also known as efferent neurons
- B.
  
  Carry messages to the CNS
- C.
  
  Connect to muscles
- D.
  
  Are found in different nerves than motor neurons
Correct Answer
B. Carry messages to the CNS

Explanation
Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are responsible for carrying messages from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS). They play a crucial role in transmitting information about external stimuli such as touch, temperature, and pain to the brain and spinal cord. These neurons are distinct from motor neurons, which carry messages from the CNS to muscles and glands to initiate movement or response. Therefore, the statement "carry messages to the CNS" accurately describes the function of sensory neurons.

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10.

Muscle contractions do not go on forever because:
- A.
  
  Cholinesterase breaks down the acetylcholine.
- B.
  
  There is a limited amount of acetylcholine.
- C.
  
  Once the calcium in the cell is used up, the muscle relaxes.
- D.
  
  Other molecules can block the acetylcholine receptors.
Correct Answer
A. Cholinesterase breaks down the acetylcholine.

Explanation
Muscle contractions do not go on forever because cholinesterase breaks down the acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is responsible for transmitting signals from nerve cells to muscle cells, triggering muscle contractions. Cholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, terminating the signal and allowing the muscle to relax. Without the breakdown of acetylcholine, the muscle contractions would continue indefinitely. Therefore, cholinesterase plays a crucial role in regulating the duration of muscle contractions.

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