Biology Unit 5 Exam
.png "Biology Unit 5 Exam - Quiz")
- 1.
What contains the instructions for making proteins?
- A.
DNA sequences called genes
- B.
RNA molecules called transfer RNA
- C.
Organelles called ribosomes
- D.
DNA, tRNA, and ribosomes
Correct Answer
A. DNA sequences called genesExplanation
DNA contains all of the instructions for making proteins. The info in DNA is copied into mRNA. tRNA just decodes the information in mRNA. The ribosomes are made of rRNA which just bonds the amino acids that are brought by the tRNA.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What is produced during transcription?
- A.
RNA polymerase
- B.
TRNA molecules
- C.
Proteins
- D.
MRNA molecules
Correct Answer
D. MRNA moleculesExplanation
Transcription is the process of making mRNA using DNA as a pattern.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What happens during the process of translation?
- A.
Messenger RNA is made from DNA.
- B.
The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
- C.
Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.
- D.
Copies of DNA molecules are made.
Correct Answer
B. The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.Explanation
Translation is the process of building a protein. mRNA is the copy of the instructions. tRNA decodes mRNA & transfers the amino acids. rRNA bonds the amino acids together.Rate this question:
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- 4.
How many codons are needed to specify one amino acid? (Hint: It is NOT asking for the number of nitrogen bases.)
- A.
1
- B.
3
- C.
6
- D.
20
Correct Answer
A. 1Explanation
1 codon = 1 amino acidRate this question:
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- 5.
How many nitrogen bases are needed to specify one amino acid? (Hint: It is NOT asking for the number of codons.)
- A.
1
- B.
3
- C.
4
- D.
5
Correct Answer
B. 3Explanation
3 bases = 1 codon = 1 amino acidRate this question:
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- 6.
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids? (Hint: It is NOT asking for the number of nitrogen bases.)
- A.
1
- B.
3
- C.
6
- D.
9
Correct Answer
B. 3Explanation
3 codons = 3 amino acidsRate this question:
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- 7.
Where does transcription occur?
- A.
Nucleus
- B.
Nucleolus
- C.
Cytoplasm
- D.
Ribosome
Correct Answer
A. NucleusExplanation
Transcription occurs in the nucleus because that is where the DNA is.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Where does translation occur?
- A.
Nucleus
- B.
Nucleolus
- C.
Cytoplasm
- D.
Ribosome
Correct Answer
D. RibosomeExplanation
Translation happens at the ribosome. That is where the protein is assembled.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which type of RNA is made during transcription and functions as a “blueprint” for protein synthesis?
- A.
MRNA
- B.
RRNA
- C.
TRNA
- D.
RNA polymerase
Correct Answer
A. MRNAExplanation
DNA is copied into mRNA during transcription. mRNA acts as a copy of the instructions that goes to the ribosome so the protein can be assembled.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which type of RNA is responsible for decoding the instructions and delivering the amino acid to the ribosome?
- A.
MRNA
- B.
RRNA
- C.
RNA polymerase
- D.
TRNA
Correct Answer
D. TRNAExplanation
tRNA decodes (translates) the codons on mRNA using anticodons. It also delivers (transfers) amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which type of RNA is responsible for bonding amino acids together to form a polypeptide?
- A.
MRNA
- B.
RRNA
- C.
RNA polymerase
- D.
TRNA
Correct Answer
B. RRNAExplanation
rRNA forms peptide bonds between amino acids in order to build the polypeptide.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following is the enzyme responsible for copying a gene into the complementary sequence of RNA during transcription?
- A.
Helicase
- B.
MRNA
- C.
RNA polymerase
- D.
DNA polymerase
Correct Answer
C. RNA polymeraseExplanation
RNA polymerase is the enzyme that builds mRNA.
Helicase & DNA polymerase are involved in DNA replication.Rate this question:
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- 13.
This molecule below is an example of the monomer of a protein. What is this molecule called?
- A.
Amino acid
- B.
Carbohydrate
- C.
Fatty acid
- D.
Nucleotide
Correct Answer
A. Amino acidExplanation
Amino acids are put together to build a protein. Nucleotides are found in nucleic acids (DNA/RNA). Fatty acids are lipids.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The 3 base sequence found on a tRNA molecule is called a ______.
- A.
Codon
- B.
Anticodon
- C.
Amino acid
- D.
Polypeptide
Correct Answer
B. AnticodonExplanation
Anticodons are on tRNA. They are used to decode the codons on mRNA.
anTicodon = TrnaRate this question:
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- 15.
The 3 base sequence found on a mRNA molecule is called a ______.
- A.
Codon
- B.
Anticodon
- C.
Amino acid
- D.
Polypeptide
Correct Answer
A. CodonExplanation
A codon is found on mRNA and codes for a single amino acid.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Another name for a protein is ______.
- A.
RNA
- B.
RNA polymerase
- C.
Amino acid
- D.
Polypeptide
Correct Answer
D. PolypeptideExplanation
Polypeptides are chains of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds. It is another name for a protein because there are multiple peptide bonds.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The mRNA sequence GUG-GAG-AGC codes for what amino acid sequence?
- A.
Trp-Arg-Asp
- B.
Val-Asp-Arg
- C.
Leu-Pro-Trp
- D.
Val-Glu-Ser
Correct Answer
D. Val-Glu-SerExplanation
codon = amino acid
GUG = Val (Valine)
GAG = Glu (Glutamine)
AGC = Ser (Serine)
NOTE: this will be asking a different sequence on the test. Make sure you know HOW to use the chart.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The mRNA sequence ACU codes for the amino acid Thr. A mutation occurs, and the resulting mRNA sequence is AUU. What amino aci will replace Thr?
- A.
Val
- B.
Met
- C.
Ile
- D.
Ala
Correct Answer
C. IleExplanation
Codon = Amino Acid
AUU = Ile (Isoleucine)
NOTE: this will be asking a different sequence on the test. Make sure you know HOW to use the chart.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Persons A and B have similar mRNA sequences with the exception of 1 nucleotide. Person A: AUGGUUACUAAGGGCUGA Person B: AUGGUUACUGAGGGCUGA Use the genetic code chart to determine how this difference affects the sequence of amino acids in the resulting protein.
- A.
Lys in Person A is replaced with Glu in Person B.
- B.
Phe in Person A is replaced with Leu in Person B.
- C.
Persons A and B have identical amino acid sequences.
- D.
A stop codon is generated in Person B and not in Person A.
Correct Answer
A. Lys in Person A is replaced with Glu in Person B.Explanation
Person A: AUGGUUACUAAGGGCUGA
Person B:...........................GAG................
Person A: AAG = Lys (Lysine)
Person B: GAG = Glu (Glutamine)
NOTE: this will be asking a different sequence on the test. Make sure you know HOW to use the chart.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Which of the following is NOT a STOP codon?
- A.
UGA
- B.
UAG
- C.
UAA
- D.
UGG
Correct Answer
D. UGGExplanation
Stop = UGA, UAG, & UAARate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
- A.
Ribose + phosphate group + thymine
- B.
Ribose + phosphate group + uracil
- C.
Deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
- D.
Deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
Correct Answer
D. Deoxyribose + pHospHate group + cytosineExplanation
DNA nucleotide = deoxyribose + phosphate group + C, G, A, or T
RNA nucleotide = ribose + phosphate group + C, G, A, or URate this question:
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- 22.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
- A.
Each with two new strands.
- B.
One with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
- C.
Each with one new strand and one original strand.
- D.
Each with two original strands.
Correct Answer
C. Each with one new strand and one original strand.Explanation
The original strand is used as a template to build the new strand using the rules of base pairing (A=T, G=C). This produces 2 identical DNA molecules.Rate this question:
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- 23.
DNA is copied during a process called
- A.
Replication.
- B.
Translation.
- C.
Transcription.
- D.
Transformation.
Correct Answer
A. Replication.Explanation
DNA replication produces 2 identical molecules of DNA during S phase of interphase.Rate this question:
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- 24.
In eukaryotes, DNA
- A.
Is located in the nucleus.
- B.
Floats freely in the cytoplasm.
- C.
Is located in the ribosomes.
- D.
Is circular.
Correct Answer
A. Is located in the nucleus.Explanation
DNA is found in the nucleus or eukaryotes and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.Rate this question:
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- 25.
DNA contains the sugar
- A.
Ribose.
- B.
Deoxyribose.
- C.
Glucose.
- D.
Lactose.
Correct Answer
B. Deoxyribose.Explanation
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the sugar deoxyriboseRate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in RNA?
- A.
Ribose + phosphate group + thymine
- B.
Ribose + phosphate group + uracil
- C.
Deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
- D.
Deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
Correct Answer
B. Ribose + pHospHate group + uracilExplanation
DNA nucleotide = deoxyribose + phosphate group + C, G, A, or T
RNA nucleotide = ribose + phosphate group + C, G, A, or URate this question:
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- 27.
What combines with sugar and a phosphate group to form a nucleotide?
- A.
Amino acid
- B.
Deoxyribose
- C.
Glycerol
- D.
Nitrogenous base
Correct Answer
D. Nitrogenous baseExplanation
Nucleotides have a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base (G, C, A , T, or U)Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which nucleotide is NOT found in RNA?
- A.
Adenine
- B.
Thymine
- C.
Guanine
- D.
Cytosine
Correct Answer
B. ThymineExplanation
RNA does not have T. It has Uracil (U) instead.Rate this question:
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- 29.
During DNA replication, which of the following is the enzyme responsible for “unzipping” the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides?
- A.
Helicase
- B.
MRNA
- C.
RNA polymerase
- D.
DNA polymerase
Correct Answer
A. HelicaseExplanation
Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the 2 strand of DNA. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to build the new strand of DNA. mRNA is NOT an enzyme. RNA polymerase is used during transcription to make mRNA.Rate this question:
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- 30.
During DNA replication, which of the following is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to form the complementary strand of DNA?
- A.
Helicase
- B.
MRNA
- C.
RNA polymerase
- D.
DNA polymerase
Correct Answer
D. DNA polymeraseExplanation
Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the 2 strand of DNA. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to build the new strand of DNA. mRNA is NOT an enzyme. RNA polymerase is used during transcription to make mRNA.Rate this question:
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- 31.
The process by which a cell’s nucleus divides so that two eukaryotic daughter cells can form is called
- A.
Interphase.
- B.
Cytokinesis.
- C.
Metaphase.
- D.
Mitosis.
Correct Answer
D. Mitosis.Explanation
Mitosis is specifically the division of the nucleus. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. Cell division includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which of the following happens when a cell divides?
- A.
It becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients.
- B.
The cell has DNA overload.
- C.
The cell’s volume increases.
- D.
Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA.
Correct Answer
D. Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA.Explanation
DNA overload, difficulty transporting substances, and increasing volume are reasons a cell divides.
AFTER division, you have 2 cells with identical DNA.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which pair is correct?
- A.
G2 phase, preparation for mitosis
- B.
S phase, cell division
- C.
G1 phase, DNA replication
- D.
M phase, cell growth
Correct Answer
A. G2 pHase, preparation for mitosisExplanation
During interphase: G1 = growth; S = DNA replication; G2 = preparation for mitosis; During M phase = cell divisionRate this question:
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- 34.
When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated?
- A.
M phase
- B.
G2 phase
- C.
S phase
- D.
G1 phase
Correct Answer
C. S pHaseExplanation
During interphase: G1 = growth; S = DNA replication; G2 = preparation for mitosis; During M phase = cell divisionRate this question:
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- 35.
Which event occurs during interphase?
- A.
The cell grows.
- B.
Spindle fibers begin to form.
- C.
Centromeres divide.
- D.
Centrioles appear.
Correct Answer
A. The cell grows.Explanation
During interphase: G1 = growth; S = DNA replication; G2 = preparation for mitosisRate this question:
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- 36.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?
- A.
The M phase is usually the longest phase.
- B.
DNA replicates during cytokinesis.
- C.
Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases.
- D.
Little happens during the G1 and G2 phases.
Correct Answer
C. InterpHase consists of the G1, S, and G2 pHases.Explanation
Most of the cell cycle consists of Interphase (G1 = growth, S = DNA replication, & G2 = preparation for mitosis.
Cell Division (M phase) is much shorter and consists of mitosis (division of the nucleus) & cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)Rate this question:
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- 37.
The cell cycle is the
- A.
Time from prophase until cytokinesis.
- B.
Period of time between the birth and the death of a cell.
- C.
Time it takes for one cell to undergo mitosis.
- D.
Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
Correct Answer
D. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.Explanation
The cell cycle shows the changes that the cell undergoes as it grows to the point where it is ready to divide. That is NOT the same thing as cell death.
It includes Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, & CytokinesisRate this question:
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- 38.
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
- A.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
- B.
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
- C.
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
- D.
Prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
Correct Answer
A. PropHase, metapHase, anapHase, telopHaseExplanation
Mitosis = Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, & Telophase. Interphase is NOT part of Mitosis.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The first phase of mitosis is called
- A.
Prophase.
- B.
Interphase.
- C.
Metaphase.
- D.
Anaphase.
Correct Answer
A. PropHase.Explanation
Prophase is the first & longest stage of mitosis. This is where the nucleolus disappears, chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane disappears, and the spindle forms.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Refer to the diagram above. The structure labeled A is called the
- A.
Sister chromatid.
- B.
Centromere.
- C.
Spindle.
- D.
Centriole.
Correct Answer
B. Centromere.Explanation
The centromere holds the 2 sister chromatids together.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Refer to the diagram above. The structures labeled B are called
- A.
Centrioles.
- B.
Sister chromatids.
- C.
Centromeres.
- D.
Spindles.
Correct Answer
B. Sister chromatids.Explanation
The sister chromatids are identical copies of DNA produced during DNA replication. The entire structure is called the chromosome.Rate this question:
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- 42.
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
- A.
Anaphase
- B.
Metaphase
- C.
Prophase
- D.
Telophase
Correct Answer
B. MetapHaseExplanation
Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophaseRate this question:
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- 43.
Refer to the diagram above. Picture A is which phase of mitosis?
- A.
Prophase
- B.
Metaphase
- C.
Anaphase
- D.
Telophase
Correct Answer
B. MetapHaseExplanation
Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophaseRate this question:
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- 44.
Refer to the diagram above. Picture B is which phase of mitosis?
- A.
Prophase
- B.
Metaphase
- C.
Anaphase
- D.
Telophase
Correct Answer
D. TelopHaseExplanation
Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophaseRate this question:
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- 45.
Refer to the diagram above. Picture C is which phase of mitosis?
- A.
Prophase
- B.
Metaphase
- C.
Anaphase
- D.
Telophase
Correct Answer
C. AnapHaseExplanation
Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophaseRate this question:
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- 46.
Refer to the diagram above. Picture D is which phase of mitosis?
- A.
Prophase
- B.
Metaphase
- C.
Anaphase
- D.
Telophase
Correct Answer
A. PropHaseExplanation
Prophase = nucleolus disappears, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane dissolves, & spindle forms
Metaphase = chromosomes attach to the spindle and are pulled into the middle of the cell
Anaphase = sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase = sister chromatids unwind into chromatin, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane reforms, & nucleolus reappears
Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm; occurs during telophaseRate this question:
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- 47.
What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?
- A.
It duplicates the DNA.
- B.
It breaks down the nuclear membrane.
- C.
It makes the chromosomes visible.
- D.
It helps separate the chromosomes.
Correct Answer
D. It helps separate the chromosomes.Explanation
The spindle is used to separate the sister chromatids of each chromosome during anaphase so that both cells have identical copies of the DNA.Rate this question:
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- 48.
One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have
- A.
Centromeres.
- B.
Chromatin.
- C.
Centrioles.
- D.
A cell plate.
Correct Answer
D. A cell plate.Explanation
Cytokinesis in Plants = cell plate forms (beginning of a new cell wall)
Cytokinesis in Animals = cleavage furrow (cell membrane pinches together)Rate this question:
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- 49.
Refer to the diagram above. During which phase(s) of mitosis are chromosomes like the one shown visible?
- A.
Metaphase only
- B.
Anaphase and prophase
- C.
Anaphase and interphase
- D.
Prophase and metaphase
Correct Answer
D. PropHase and metapHaseExplanation
Chromosomes condense and become visible during Prophase. They line up in the middle during Metaphase. These structures are no longer visible during Anaphase because the sister chromatids are pulled apart. DNA is in the form of Chromatin at the end of Telophase and throughout Interphase.Rate this question:
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.png "The mRNA sequence GUG-GAG-AGC codes for what amino acid sequence?")
.jpg "Refer to the diagram above. The structures labeled B are called")
.jpg "Refer to the diagram above. Picture A is which phase of mitosis?")
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