Nutrition And Digestion

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| By Duobaorulai

Duobaorulai

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Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 4,519

Questions: 6 | Attempts: 2,644 | Updated: Mar 21, 2023

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While nutrition is the study of the nutrient content of food and its importance to the body, digestion is the process through which the food is broken down for use. Find out more about these two critical body processes below.

Questions and Answers

1.

Digestion is the
- A.
  
  Absorption of nutrients suspended in water.
- B.
  
  Conversion of glycogen to glucose.
- C.
  
  Chemical and mechanical breakdown of food for absorption into the body.
- D.
  
  Churning of food in the stomach and intestine.
Correct Answer
C. Chemical and mechanical breakdown of food for absorption into the body.

Explanation
Digestion is the process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. This involves both chemical and mechanical processes. The chemical breakdown includes the action of enzymes that break down large molecules into smaller ones, while the mechanical breakdown involves the physical grinding and churning of food in the stomach and intestine. The end goal of digestion is to release nutrients from food so that they can be absorbed and used by the body for energy and other functions.

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2.

What happens to nutrient macromolecules in an animal's digestive tract?
- A.
  
  They are absorbed whole and are broken down into monomers in cells that ultimately use them.
- B.
  
  Proteins and nucleic acids are digested into monomers before absorption; energy-storage macromolecules (starch and fat) are absorbed whole.
- C.
  
  The digestive breakdown of macromolecules is keyed to the body's need for monomers; only the monomers that are immediately needed are produced.
- D.
  
  Nutrient macromolecules are digested into monomers before absorption.
Correct Answer
D. Nutrient macromolecules are digested into monomers before absorption.

Explanation
Nutrient macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, need to be broken down into their monomers (amino acids and nucleotides) before they can be absorbed by the cells in the digestive tract. This allows the body to utilize these monomers for various cellular processes. Energy-storage macromolecules like starch and fat, on the other hand, are absorbed whole without being broken down into monomers. The breakdown of macromolecules is regulated based on the body's immediate need for monomers, ensuring that only the necessary monomers are produced.

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3.

Digestion takes place in specialized compartments for all of the following reasons except that
- A.
  
  The environment of digestion must favor the action of digestive enzymes.
- B.
  
  The environment of digestion must protect the food.
- C.
  
  The environment of digestion must be contained.
- D.
  
  The animal's body must be protected from its own digestive enzymes.
Correct Answer
B. The environment of digestion must protect the food.

Explanation
Digestion takes place in specialized compartments for the reasons that the environment of digestion must favor the action of digestive enzymes, the environment of digestion must be contained, and the animal's body must be protected from its own digestive enzymes. However, the environment of digestion does not need to protect the food itself as the purpose of digestion is to break down the food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

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4.

Interestingly, most herbivorous animals do not have the ability to digest the cellulose in plants. However, in the absence of this ability, they have evolved a mechanism that allows them to survive despite eating only plant matter, namely
- A.
  
  Digestion by symbiotic microorganisms.
- B.
  
  Production of saliva containing amylase.
- C.
  
  Avoidance of plants containing cellulose.
- D.
  
  Converting cellulose to other carbohydrates.
Correct Answer
A. Digestion by symbiotic microorganisms.

Explanation
Herbivorous animals have evolved a mechanism of digestion by symbiotic microorganisms to survive despite their inability to digest cellulose in plants. These microorganisms reside in the digestive system of these animals and break down cellulose into simpler carbohydrates that can be absorbed and utilized by the animal for energy. This symbiotic relationship allows herbivorous animals to extract nutrients from plant matter and thrive on a plant-based diet.

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5.

Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease?
- A.
  
  High blood pressure
- B.
  
  High levels of HDL
- C.
  
  High levels of LDL
- D.
  
  High consumption of trans fats
Correct Answer
B. High levels of HDL

Explanation
High levels of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. HDL is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and carries it back to the liver for processing. This helps prevent the buildup of plaque in the arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Conversely, high blood pressure, high levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein or "bad" cholesterol), and high consumption of trans fats are all associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

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6.

Mary asked the doctor to recommend a plan so that she can minimize her risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The following are a few of the doctor's recommendations: quit smoking, exercise for at least 30 minutes per day, reduce saturated fats and trans fats in his diet, and increase the number of fruits and vegetables in his diet. Which of the following would match his doctor's recommendations?
- A.
  
  Eat less of foods that contain partially hydrogenated vegetable oils
- B.
  
  Eat less of foods that contain antioxidants
- C.
  
  Avoid cooking with olive oil
- D.
  
  Consume more beef and less fish
Correct Answer
A. Eat less of foods that contain partially hydrogenated vegetable oils

Explanation
The doctor's recommendations include reducing saturated fats and trans fats in the diet. Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are a source of trans fats, so eating less of foods that contain these oils aligns with the doctor's advice.

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Current Version
Mar 21, 2023

Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team
Jul 08, 2011

Quiz Created by
Duobaorulai

Nutrition And Digestion

Digestion is the

What happens to nutrient macromolecules in an animal's digestive tract?

Digestion takes place in specialized compartments for all of the following reasons except that

Interestingly, most herbivorous animals do not have the ability to digest the cellulose in plants. However, in the absence of this ability, they have evolved a mechanism that allows them to survive despite eating only plant matter, namely

Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease?