3d052 CDC Vol 1 UREs

Knowledge-based identification and authentication methods require the user to provide something they know. This means that the user needs to provide information that only they should know, such as a password, PIN, or answer to a security question. This method is commonly used in combination with other authentication factors, such as something the user has (e.g. a smart card) or something the user is (e.g. biometric data like fingerprints). By requiring the user to provide something they know, it adds an additional layer of security to verify their identity.

A homogeneous network is a type of network that is made up of components from the same vendor or compatible equipment that all run under the same operating system or network operating system. This means that all the devices and equipment in the network are from the same manufacturer or are compatible with each other, allowing for seamless integration and communication. This type of network is often easier to manage and troubleshoot as there is a standardized system in place.

A heterogeneous network consists of computer systems from different vendors that run different operating systems and communication protocols. This means that the network is made up of diverse devices and software that may not be compatible with each other. This can present challenges in terms of communication and interoperability between the different systems.

A computer network requires at least two computers to be connected and communicate with each other. With only one computer, there would be no network as there would be no other device to connect to. Therefore, the minimum number of computers needed for a computer network is 2.

Degaussing is the preferred method of sanitizing magnetic media because it uses a powerful magnetic field to completely erase all data on the media. This method ensures that the data cannot be recovered or reconstructed. Overwriting, formatting, and deleting methods may leave traces of data that can potentially be recovered, making them less secure than degaussing.

The correct answer is a Common Access Card (CAC). In the Air Force, a CAC is the primary unclassified PKI token used for individual PKI keys and certificates. It serves as an identification card and contains a microchip that securely stores digital credentials, allowing individuals to authenticate their identity and access various systems and resources. CACs are widely used in the military to ensure secure access to sensitive information and protect against unauthorized access.

In a peer-to-peer network, the number of users typically ranges from 2 to 10. This is because peer-to-peer networks are designed for small-scale connections between devices, where each device can act as both a client and a server. These networks are commonly used for file sharing, online gaming, and collaboration among a small group of users. With a limited number of users, the network can maintain efficient communication and resource sharing without becoming overwhelmed.

The network management area concerned with controlling access points to information is security. Security measures are put in place to protect the network and its resources from unauthorized access, ensuring that only authorized individuals have access to sensitive information. This includes implementing firewalls, encryption, access control lists, and other security measures to prevent unauthorized access and protect the network from potential threats.

The correct answer is "Something you know, something you have, or something you are." This answer refers to the three primary ways of authentication. "Something you know" refers to passwords or PINs that only the authorized user should know. "Something you have" refers to physical objects like identification cards or security tokens that the user possesses. "Something you are" refers to biometric characteristics like fingerprints, voiceprints, or retinal scans that are unique to an individual. These three factors provide a layered approach to authentication, increasing the security of the system.

The correct answer is Denial of authorization to operation (DATO). This documentation signifies that a system is not allowed to connect to the global information grid (GIG). It indicates that the system has been denied authorization to operate, meaning it does not meet the necessary security requirements or has not undergone the necessary testing and certification processes. This prevents the system from accessing or connecting to the GIG, ensuring the security and integrity of the network.

A base web-server that interfaces with the public must be placed in a de-militarized zone (DMZ). This is because a DMZ is a separate network segment that is isolated from the internal network and is designed to provide a layer of security for publicly accessible services. By placing the web-server in a DMZ, it adds an additional layer of protection by separating it from the internal network, reducing the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive data and resources.

An intranetwork is a privately-owned network that is restricted to authorized personnel. It is a network that is internal to an organization and is used for communication and data sharing among employees or members of the organization. This network is not accessible to the public or unauthorized individuals, ensuring the security and privacy of the organization's data and resources.

A Global Area Network (GAN) is a type of communications network that connects different interconnected networks over an unlimited geographical region. Unlike other types of networks such as Local Area Networks (LANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), or Wide Area Networks (WANs) which have limitations in terms of geographical coverage, GANs have the ability to span across the globe. GANs are typically used by large organizations or multinational companies that have branches or offices in different countries or continents and need a network infrastructure to connect them all together.

Air Force Instruction series 33 covers communications and information.

The network control center (NCC) is the network entity that provides reliable, secure networks and network services for base level customers. It is responsible for monitoring and managing the network infrastructure, ensuring its availability and security. The NCC is typically staffed by trained personnel who are responsible for troubleshooting network issues, managing network resources, and coordinating with other network entities to ensure smooth operations.

To permanently connect to the global information grid (GIG) system, an authorization to operate (ATO) is required. This means that the organization or system has met all the necessary security requirements and has been granted permission to operate on the GIG. The ATO ensures that the system has undergone the necessary security assessments and has implemented the required safeguards to protect the information on the GIG. It signifies that the system is authorized to access and exchange information on the GIG network.

A multi-server high-speed backbone network typically consists of multiple servers and is designed to handle a large amount of traffic. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that the number of users in such a network would fall within the range of 250-1000. This range allows for a significant number of users to be connected to the network while still maintaining its high-speed and efficient performance.

The media access control address is used to identify network nodes on a physically connected network. This address is a unique identifier assigned to each network interface card (NIC) and is used by the data link layer of the network protocol to ensure that data is delivered to the correct destination. The MAC address is typically a 48-bit hexadecimal number and is hard-coded into the NIC by the manufacturer.

Degaussing is the process of erasing magnetic media by reducing the magnetic flux to virtual zero by applying a reverse magnetizing field. This process effectively removes all data from the magnetic media, making it impossible to recover any information. Degaussing is commonly used to securely erase sensitive data from hard drives, tapes, and other magnetic storage devices. It is a reliable method for ensuring that data cannot be accessed or recovered, making it an important step in the data sanitization process.

A threat refers to a current and perceived capability, intention, or attack that is directed towards causing denial of service. It can be any potential danger or harm that could exploit vulnerabilities in a system or compromise its security. Threats can come from various sources such as malicious individuals, hackers, or even natural disasters. It is important to identify and assess threats in order to implement appropriate security measures and protect against potential attacks.

Sustained communications support becomes a part of the deployment if it exceeds 30 days. This means that if the deployment lasts for more than 30 days, there will be ongoing and continuous support for communication needs. This could include maintaining communication channels, ensuring connectivity, providing technical assistance, and addressing any communication-related issues that may arise during the deployment.

The Air Force network operations center (AFNOSC) is classified as Tier 1 in the Air Force network structure. This means that it is the highest level of network support and is responsible for managing and maintaining the overall network infrastructure. Tier 1 centers typically have the most advanced technology and resources, and they provide critical support for all lower tiers. They are responsible for monitoring network performance, troubleshooting issues, and coordinating with other network centers to ensure smooth operations.

Destroying refers to the process of physically damaging the media to make it unusable and rendering the data irretrievable. This can involve methods such as shredding, incineration, or crushing the media to a point where it cannot be reconstructed or accessed. Unlike degaussing, sanitizing, or overwriting, destroying ensures that the data on the media cannot be recovered through any known exploitation methods.

An enclave refers to a collection of computing environments that are connected by one or more internal networks and are under the control of a single approval authority and security policy. This means that the computing environments within the enclave are interconnected and managed by a central authority, ensuring that they adhere to specific security measures and policies. The term "enclave" is commonly used in the context of secure and controlled computing environments, such as military or government networks.

Public key infrastructure (PKI) is a cryptographic key and certificate delivery system that enables secure electronic transactions and exchanges of sensitive information between relative strangers. PKI uses a combination of public and private keys to encrypt and decrypt data, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. It involves the use of digital certificates, which are issued by a trusted third party called a certificate authority (CA), to verify the identity of parties involved in the transaction. PKI is widely used in various applications such as secure email, e-commerce, and online banking to establish a secure and trusted communication channel.

The correct answer is Certificate authority. A certificate authority is responsible for establishing, authenticating, maintaining, and revoking certificates in a public key infrastructure (PKI). It is the trusted entity that issues digital certificates to individuals or organizations, verifying their identity and ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of their communications. The certificate authority plays a crucial role in ensuring the security and trustworthiness of a PKI system.

The standard internet protocol is broken down into 4 octets. An octet is a unit of digital information that consists of 8 bits, and it is commonly used to represent IP addresses in the IPv4 format. IPv4 addresses are made up of four sets of numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255, separated by periods. Each set of numbers represents one octet, resulting in a total of 32 bits or 4 octets. This allows for a maximum of approximately 4.3 billion unique IP addresses in the IPv4 addressing scheme.

Purple color on the SMARTS alarm log indicates one or more events. This means that when there is an event or multiple events recorded in the log, they are highlighted in purple.

Tunneling is the intrusion practice of encapsulating a message that would be rejected by the firewall inside a second message that will pass through the firewall. This technique allows the attacker to bypass the firewall's security measures by hiding the malicious content within a legitimate message. By using tunneling, the attacker can successfully deliver the payload to the target system without being detected or blocked by the firewall.

Vulnerability scanners are network devices that perform rigorous examinations of systems to identify weaknesses that might allow security violations. These scanners are designed to scan networks, systems, or applications for any vulnerabilities or weaknesses in their security settings. By identifying these weaknesses, vulnerability scanners help organizations to proactively address and fix potential security issues before they can be exploited by attackers. This makes vulnerability scanners an essential tool in maintaining the security and integrity of network systems.

An information system on a network that is not set to require the use of a common access card (CAC) or password would be considered a vulnerability. This means that the system is exposed to potential risks and attacks as it does not have proper authentication measures in place. Without the requirement of a CAC or password, unauthorized individuals may be able to gain access to the system, compromising its security. Therefore, this lack of security measures represents a vulnerability in the network.

A centralized network architecture has a network management platform on one computer system at a location that is responsible for all network management duties. This means that all network management tasks, such as monitoring, configuration, and troubleshooting, are handled by a single central system. This architecture offers simplicity and efficiency in managing the network, as all management tasks can be performed from one location.

The operational SNMP message that asks for a specific instance of management information is "Get". The "Get" message is used to retrieve the value of a specific object or variable from a managed device. It allows the network management system to request specific information from the SNMP agent running on the device, such as the status of a particular interface or the amount of available memory.

A Trap message is an unsolicited message sent from an agent to the manager in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It is used to notify the manager about a specific event or condition that has occurred in the network. Unlike other SNMP messages like Get, Set, and GetNext, which are initiated by the manager to retrieve or modify information, a Trap message is sent proactively by the agent without any prior request from the manager.

A bot is a type of malicious logic that can form large networks, known as botnets, without the knowledge of the information system owner. These botnets can then be used to launch various attacks, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, spamming, or stealing sensitive information. Bots typically infect a system by exploiting vulnerabilities or tricking users into downloading them, and once installed, they can be controlled remotely by the attacker. This allows the attacker to use the compromised systems to carry out their malicious activities without the owner's knowledge.

A local area network (LAN) is a communications network that serves users within a confined geographical area. It is typically used in homes, offices, or educational institutions. LANs provide high-speed connections and allow users to share resources such as printers and files. They are cost-effective and easy to set up and maintain. Unlike wide area networks (WANs) or global area networks (GANs), LANs have a limited coverage area and are designed for local use. Metropolitan area networks (MANs) cover a larger geographical area than LANs but smaller than WANs.

The binary equivalent to the dotted decimal number 96 is 01100000.

The network ID of an IP address is the portion of the IP address that identifies the network. In this case, the given IP address is 131.10.230.120/24. The /24 indicates that the first 24 bits of the IP address are the network ID. So, the network ID would be 131.10.230.0.

The correct answer, Theater deployable communications (TDC), is a program that is known as a state-of-the-art ground-to-ground communications infrastructure designed to provide base level full spectrum communications to the commander and all agencies on base. This program is specifically designed to be deployable and can be set up quickly in theater environments to ensure effective and efficient communication among all personnel and agencies involved.

In a multi-server network, the number of users typically falls within the range of 50-250. This range indicates that the network is capable of accommodating a moderate number of users, making it suitable for small to medium-sized organizations. Having a larger number of users would require a more robust network infrastructure to ensure optimal performance and reliability. Conversely, a smaller number of users may not fully utilize the capabilities of a multi-server network. Therefore, the 50-250 range strikes a balance between scalability and efficiency.

AFI 33-115v1 provides policy, direction, and structure for the Air Force global information grid (AF-GIG). This instruction outlines the guidelines and procedures for managing and securing the AF-GIG, which is the Air Force's worldwide network of information systems. It establishes the roles and responsibilities of personnel involved in the operation and maintenance of the AF-GIG and ensures the proper handling and protection of sensitive information. AFI 33-115v1 is essential for maintaining the integrity and security of the Air Force's information infrastructure.

The correct answer is "Broker." In the systems management automated report tracking system (SMARTS) application, the broker component is responsible for maintaining knowledge of available domain managers. The broker acts as an intermediary between the clients and the domain managers, allowing clients to access and interact with the domain managers' resources. It helps in managing the communication and coordination between the different components of the SMARTS application, ensuring efficient and effective system management.

The Air Force requires a network password to be at least 9 characters long. This ensures that the password is strong and secure, as longer passwords are generally more difficult to guess or crack. A longer password also provides a larger number of possible combinations, making it harder for unauthorized individuals to gain access to the network.

Tunneling and application-based attacks are examples of network attacks that can bypass the firewall. Tunneling involves encapsulating one protocol within another to bypass network security measures. This allows attackers to hide their malicious activities and gain unauthorized access to the network. Application-based attacks target vulnerabilities in specific applications or services, exploiting them to gain access to the network. By targeting the application layer, these attacks can bypass the firewall's protection and compromise the network's security.

A program that replicates by attaching itself to a program is referred to as a virus. Viruses are malicious software that can infect other programs or files, causing damage or spreading to other systems. They often attach themselves to legitimate programs, allowing them to spread unnoticed and carry out their malicious activities. Unlike Trojan horses, worms, and bots, viruses specifically replicate by attaching themselves to other programs.

A Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) certificate is an electronic document that officially links together a user's identity with his public key. This certificate is issued by a trusted third-party called a Certificate Authority (CA) and is used to verify the authenticity of the user's public key. It ensures that the user's public key can be trusted and establishes a secure communication channel between the user and other parties.

Diffie and Hellman is the correct answer because it is exclusively a key establishment protocol. Diffie and Hellman algorithm is used to securely exchange cryptographic keys over an insecure communication channel. It allows two parties to establish a shared secret key without having to share any information beforehand. This key can then be used for symmetric encryption or other cryptographic operations. RSA, ECDSA, and ECDH are also public key algorithms, but they have other purposes such as encryption, digital signatures, and key agreement.

Sustained communications support teams are responsible for providing uninterrupted flow of mission critical information to field and in-garrison units for the duration of a contingency. This means that they ensure that communication channels remain open and operational, allowing important information to be relayed effectively between different units. These teams are crucial for maintaining effective communication during contingency operations, ensuring that vital information is shared and received in a timely manner.

A wide area network (WAN) is a type of communications network that connects a broad geographical region. Unlike local area networks (LANs) that are limited to a small area, WANs cover larger areas and can connect multiple LANs together. WANs are commonly used by businesses and organizations to connect their offices and branches across different cities or even countries. They provide a wide range of communication services, such as internet access, data sharing, and remote access. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is wide area network (WAN).

The GetNext SNMP message is used to retrieve multiple pieces of information with minimal overhead. This message allows the SNMP manager to retrieve the next available variable in a sequence, making it efficient for retrieving a series of data points without having to send multiple individual requests.