Od Test 1 Chapters 1 - 5

The given answer "All of the above" is correct because action research is indeed the backbone of many OD applications. It helps in improving survey feedback by getting meaningful results and has also perfected the way surveys are conducted today. Additionally, the 5 Point Likert Scale is a commonly used scale to rate survey responses, which is another significant aspect of action research in OD applications.

The correct answer is "planned, organization wide, and managed from the top, to increase organization effectiveness and health, through planned interventions in the organizations processes, using behavioral science knowledge." This answer accurately reflects Beckhard's definition of OD and the five features that differentiate it. It emphasizes that OD is a planned and systematic approach that involves the entire organization and is led by top management. The goal is to improve organization effectiveness and health through interventions in the organization's processes, using knowledge from behavioral science.

The correct answer is Exploitive Authoritative Systems, Benevolent Authoritative Systems, Consultative Systems, Participative Group Systems. These are the four management systems discussed by Likert. Exploitive Authoritative Systems are characterized by a top-down approach where decisions are made by management without input from employees. Benevolent Authoritative Systems involve management making decisions but also considering the needs and opinions of employees. Consultative Systems involve management seeking input from employees before making decisions. Participative Group Systems involve employees and management working together to make decisions and solve problems.

Open-systems planning, as developed by Beckhard, is a method for organizations or groups to assess their task environment and develop a strategic response to it. This involves improving the alignment between an organization's environment, strategy, and organization design. Beckhard proposed that by analyzing and describing an organization's environment and strategy, the differences between what the environment demands and how the organization responds can be reduced, leading to improved performance. Richard Beckhard was one of the first to apply strategic change through open systems planning, which emphasizes the importance of understanding and adapting to the external environment.

The answer provided lists the five STEMS or approaches of OD and the major contributors to OD's development. It correctly identifies the contributions of Kurt Lewin, Rensis Likert, Blake & Mouton, Eric Trist, and Richard Beckhard in their respective time periods.

The correct answer is Globalization, Information Technology (IT), Managerial Innovation. This answer aligns with the statement on pages 4-5 that these three major trends drive change in organizations.