CDC 2AX5X Volume 2

The three states of matter are liquids, gases, and solids. Liquids have a definite volume but not a definite shape, gases have neither a definite volume nor a definite shape, and solids have both a definite volume and a definite shape.

A liquid's ability to conform to the shape of its container refers to its property of taking the shape of the container it is placed in. Unlike solids, which have a fixed shape, liquids can flow and change their shape to fit the container. This characteristic allows liquids to fill the container evenly, regardless of its shape or size. It is this property that distinguishes liquids from other states of matter and makes them useful in various applications such as filling bottles, pouring liquids, and mixing substances.

The purpose of the arrow on a check valve is to indicate the direction of free flow through the valve. This arrow helps users to correctly install the valve in the system, ensuring that the flow of fluid or gas is in the intended direction. The arrow serves as a visual guide, preventing any potential errors or malfunctions that could occur if the valve is installed incorrectly.

The purpose of an aircraft trim system is to correct minor deviations in flight altitude. This system helps maintain the desired level flight by adjusting the position of the control surfaces, such as elevators or stabilizers, to balance the aircraft's pitch. By making these adjustments, the trim system ensures that the aircraft maintains a steady altitude without the need for constant manual control input from the pilot.

The given statement defines matter as a substance that has mass and occupies space. This means that matter takes up physical space and has a definite volume. It implies that matter cannot exist in a void or occupy the same space as another matter simultaneously. The statement does not mention anything about matter being visible or having a constant volume or being unable to be compressed. Therefore, the correct answer is "occupies space" because it accurately represents the definition of matter provided in the statement.

Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, while neutrons are neutral particles also located in the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus. These three components together form the structure of an atom. Molecules, on the other hand, are formed when atoms bond together through chemical interactions. Therefore, the correct answer is protons, neutrons, electrons.

When 50 pounds per square inch (psi) of cylinder pressure acts on a 5-square-inch piston head, the resulting force can be calculated by multiplying the pressure by the area. Therefore, the resulting force is 50 psi * 5 square inches = 250 pounds.

The landing gear warning horn is designed to sound when the gear is not safe, indicating that it is either not fully extended or locked into place. This alert is crucial for the pilot to ensure the safe operation of the aircraft during takeoff or landing. By providing an audible warning, the horn helps to prevent potential accidents or damage to the aircraft by notifying the pilot of any issues with the landing gear.

The term that describes current that reverses its direction at regular intervals is "alternating". This type of current is commonly used in household electricity, where the flow of electrons constantly changes direction. Unlike direct current, which flows in only one direction, alternating current is characterized by its periodic reversal of polarity. This allows for efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and enables the operation of various electrical devices.

Multiple disc brakes have a major disadvantage of warping when overheated. This means that when the brakes become too hot, the discs can deform and lose their shape, leading to a decrease in braking performance. This can be a significant safety concern as it can result in longer stopping distances and reduced control of the vehicle. Therefore, it is important to ensure proper cooling and maintenance of multiple disc brakes to prevent overheating and warping.

Using a wire brush to clean aircraft wheels is not recommended because it can potentially damage the surface of the wheel. Wire brushes have stiff bristles that can scratch or scrape the wheel's coating or finish. This can lead to corrosion or other forms of damage, compromising the integrity and safety of the wheel. Therefore, it is best to avoid using a wire brush and opt for other cleaning tools such as fiber brushes, clean rags, or fiber pads that are less abrasive and gentle on the wheel's surface.

A semi-monocoque design is a type of construction method for a fuselage that utilizes a combination of logerons, stringers, bulkheads, and frames. In this design, the load is distributed between the outer skin (monocoque) and the internal structural components (logerons, stringers, bulkheads, and frames), resulting in a lighter and stronger fuselage. This design is commonly used in modern aircraft as it provides a good balance between strength and weight efficiency.

The electrical pressure that causes electrons to flow through a conductor is called electromotive force. This force is responsible for pushing the electrons and creating a flow of current in the circuit. It is often represented by the symbol EMF and is measured in volts. The other options mentioned in the question, such as chemical swap, crossfeed field, and transferring magnetic field, are not accurate terms for describing this phenomenon.

When an 8-square-inch piston moves 5 inches within a cylinder, the volume of liquid displaced can be calculated by multiplying the area of the piston (8 square inches) by the distance it moves (5 inches). Therefore, the volume of liquid displaced is 40 cubic inches.

Crazing refers to the formation of a network of ultrafine cracks on or under the surface of transparent plastic. This phenomenon is often caused by stress or aging of the material, leading to a weakened appearance and potential loss of transparency. Crazing can occur in various plastic materials and is commonly observed in items such as eyeglass lenses or acrylic displays.

In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances. In this case, the total resistance is 6 ohms. According to Ohm's Law (V = I * R), the current (amperage) can be calculated by dividing the voltage (24 volts) by the total resistance. Therefore, the amperage would be 4 amperes.

The greater the current flow through an electromagnet, the greater the strength. This is because the strength of an electromagnet is directly proportional to the amount of current flowing through it. As the current increases, more magnetic field lines are generated, resulting in a stronger magnetic force. Therefore, the greater the current flow, the greater the strength of the electromagnet.

In most aircraft circuits, the current flow is controlled by switches. Switches are used to open or close the circuit, allowing or preventing the flow of electric current. They are used to control various systems and components in an aircraft, such as lights, avionics, engines, and more. Fuses are used to protect the circuit from overcurrent, but they do not control the flow of current. Signals are used for communication and do not directly control the current flow. Batteries provide the source of electrical power but do not control the flow of current in the circuit.

A tube whose cross-section area is gradually reduced to a smaller size diameter is called a venturi. This type of tube is commonly used in fluid mechanics to create a pressure difference, which allows for the measurement of flow rate or the mixing of fluids. The gradual reduction in diameter causes the fluid velocity to increase, resulting in a decrease in pressure according to Bernoulli's principle. The venturi effect is utilized in various applications, such as in carburetors, air conditioning systems, and medical devices.

The purpose of the antiskid system is to prevent wheel skid by releasing pressure from the skidding wheel. This is because when a wheel skids, it loses traction and control, which can be dangerous. By releasing pressure from the skidding wheel, the antiskid system allows the wheel to regain traction and maintain control, preventing skidding. This helps to improve the overall stability and safety of the vehicle.

A barometer is designed to measure pressure, and the unit commonly used for this measurement is inches of mercury. This unit refers to the height of a column of mercury that is supported by the atmospheric pressure. As the atmospheric pressure changes, the height of the mercury column will also change, allowing for the measurement of pressure. Pounds per square inch, milibars of alcohol, and ounces of air are not commonly used units for measuring pressure with a barometer.

Aluminum alloy is the most common type of material used for fuselage construction. This is because aluminum alloys are lightweight, strong, and have good corrosion resistance. These properties make them ideal for aircraft structures, as they help to reduce the overall weight of the aircraft while maintaining structural integrity. Additionally, aluminum alloys can be easily formed into complex shapes, allowing for efficient manufacturing processes.

Electrons can be released from their outer orbit by heat, chemical action, and changing magnetic fields. However, cold does not have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces holding electrons in their orbit. Therefore, cold cannot release electrons from their outer orbit.

The accessory gearbox is responsible for supplying rotary power to the input gear of the CSD. It is a component that is connected to the engine and provides power to various accessories such as the alternator, air conditioning compressor, and hydraulic pumps. This gearbox transfers power from the engine to the input gear of the CSD, allowing it to function properly.

A universal motor can operate on both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). This type of motor is designed with a special winding configuration that allows it to work with both types of currents. The universal motor is commonly used in appliances and power tools because of its versatility. It can be connected to AC power when available, but can also function on DC power sources such as batteries. This makes it a suitable choice for applications where the power source may vary.

When a force causes a solid to change permanently, it means that the solid has passed its elastic limit. The elastic limit is the maximum stress that a material can withstand without undergoing permanent deformation. Once the elastic limit is surpassed, the solid loses its ability to return to its original shape and size after the force is removed. Therefore, the correct answer is "passed the elastic limit."

Boyle was among the first to study the compressibility of gases. He is known for Boyle's Law, which states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure when temperature is held constant. Boyle conducted experiments in the 17th century and published his findings in "The Sceptical Chymist" in 1661. His work laid the foundation for the understanding of gas behavior and the development of the field of gas laws.

When the wear on a tire with a diameter of 24 inches or greater reaches the bottom of any tread groove for a continuous length of 12 inches, the tire must be removed. This means that if the depth of the tread groove reaches 12 inches, it indicates significant wear and the tire should no longer be used.

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14.7. This is the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level, also known as 1 atmosphere (atm). It is the pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere above a given point. This value is commonly used as a reference point for measuring pressure in various applications, such as weather forecasting and scuba diving.

The force that acts upward at a right angle to the direction of the relative wind is called lift. Lift is the force that allows an object, such as an airplane, to overcome gravity and stay airborne. It is generated by the shape of the object's wings or airfoils, as air flows over them. This upward force is essential for the object to maintain altitude and control its flight.

Shear stress is the correct answer because it refers to the stress that resists the force that tends to cause one layer of material to slide over an adjacent layer. Shear stress occurs when two layers of material are parallel to each other and are subjected to forces in opposite directions. This causes the layers to slide past each other, and shear stress resists this sliding motion. Bending, tension, and torsion are different types of stresses that occur in different situations and are not directly related to the resistance of sliding layers.

Stringers are structural members that are used to give shape to the aircraft and provide a means for attaching the skin to the structure. They run longitudinally along the fuselage or wings and help to distribute the load evenly throughout the structure. Stringers are typically made of lightweight materials such as aluminum or composite materials to minimize weight while maintaining structural integrity.

The main difference between inspection panels and plates is their size. Inspection panels are typically smaller in size and are used to provide access for inspection and maintenance purposes. On the other hand, plates are larger in size and are used to cover larger areas or openings.

The reference locations in the vertical direction measured from a reference datum that is usually well below the aircraft are called waterlines. Waterlines are horizontal lines on the aircraft's fuselage that indicate the height of the aircraft above the water when it is in a level flight position. These reference points are important for various calculations and measurements related to the aircraft's stability and performance.

Wing flaps are movable surfaces on the trailing edge of an aircraft's wings. They are used to increase lift and drag during certain phases of flight. By extending the flaps, the curvature of the wing increases, generating more lift. This is particularly useful during takeoff and landing when the aircraft needs more lift at lower speeds. However, the increased curvature also creates more drag, which helps to slow down the aircraft. Therefore, the purpose of wing flaps is to increase both lift and drag.

When soft iron is brought close to a permanent magnet, it becomes magnetized. Soft iron is a material that can easily be magnetized and demagnetized, making it useful in applications such as electromagnets. When it is brought close to a permanent magnet, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet induces a magnetic field in the soft iron, causing it to become magnetized. This magnetization allows the soft iron to attract or repel other magnetic materials and interact with magnetic fields.

Constant current is the correct answer because nickel-cadmium batteries have a specific charging profile that requires a constant current to reach full charge. This means that the charging current remains constant throughout the charging process until the battery is fully charged. Using pulsating, varying, or eddy currents would not provide the necessary consistent flow of electricity required for optimal charging and could potentially damage the battery.

A hydraulic motor is designed to convert the pressure exerted by hydraulic fluid into rotary mechanical motion. This means that it takes the energy from the fluid and uses it to create rotational movement. This type of motion is commonly used in various applications such as industrial machinery, construction equipment, and vehicles. The hydraulic motor utilizes the force of the fluid to generate torque and rotational power, making it a crucial component in many hydraulic systems.

A steer damper is a unit that combines the landing gear shimmy damper and steering unit. This unit helps to prevent shimmy, which is a self-excited vibration that can occur in the landing gear during high-speed taxiing or landing. The steer damper provides damping and control to ensure smooth steering and prevent excessive oscillations or vibrations in the landing gear system.

The landing gear control handle must be in the "down" position before emergency extension of the landing gear. This is because in an emergency situation, the landing gear needs to be quickly and safely deployed to ensure a smooth landing. By placing the control handle in the "down" position, it activates the emergency extension mechanism and allows the landing gear to be deployed immediately.

Aircraft wheels are typically made of magnesium and/or aluminum alloys. These materials are chosen for their lightweight properties, which help reduce the overall weight of the aircraft and improve fuel efficiency. Magnesium alloys offer high strength-to-weight ratio, while aluminum alloys provide good corrosion resistance. By using a combination of these alloys, aircraft wheels can withstand the heavy loads and stresses during takeoff, landing, and taxiing, while still maintaining durability and performance.

Overheating marks on installed bearing races indicate that the bearing has been subjected to excessive heat, which can cause damage to the race and affect its performance. This can be caused by factors such as improper lubrication, excessive friction, or overloading of the bearing. Therefore, it is important for installed bearing races to be free of overheating marks to ensure proper functioning and longevity of the bearing.

The correct answer is displacement. Displacement refers to the amount of fluid that a pump produces on each cycle or revolution. It is a measure of the pump's capacity to move fluid and is an important parameter in pump design and performance evaluation.

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A restrictor check valve allows normal operating speed of a hydraulic actuator in one direction while limiting speed in the other direction. This is because the restrictor check valve has a built-in restriction that controls the flow of fluid. In one direction, the fluid can flow freely through the valve, allowing the actuator to move at its normal operating speed. However, in the other direction, the restriction in the valve slows down the flow of fluid, thus limiting the speed of the actuator in that direction.

Yaw refers to the movement about the vertical axis. It is the rotation of an object or vehicle in a horizontal plane, causing it to turn left or right. In aviation, yaw is controlled by the rudder, which helps to change the direction of the aircraft. Yaw is different from roll, which is the rotation about the longitudinal axis, pitch, which is the rotation about the lateral axis, and crab, which refers to the sideways movement of an aircraft due to crosswinds.

The elevator is attached to the trailing edge of a horizontal stabilizer. It is responsible for controlling the pitch of an aircraft, allowing it to climb or descend. By deflecting the elevator, the pilot can adjust the angle of attack of the aircraft, which in turn affects its lift and therefore its altitude. The elevator works in conjunction with the horizontal stabilizer to provide stability and control during flight.

Aircraft circuit protection devices are typically located in the aircraft cabin to ensure easy access and maintenance. Placing them in the cabin allows for quick identification and troubleshooting of any issues that may arise. Additionally, it ensures that these devices are protected from environmental factors such as extreme temperatures or moisture that could potentially affect their functionality.

Variable-volume pumps do not require a separate pressure-regulating device in the system because they have an integral compensator. This means that the pump itself is able to regulate and control the pressure within the system without the need for an additional device. The integral compensator adjusts the pump's displacement in response to changes in system pressure, ensuring that the desired pressure level is maintained. This eliminates the need for a separate pressure-regulating device, simplifying the system design and reducing the overall cost and complexity.

An internal snubber is an actuator type that slows down piston travel when the piston nears either end of the cylinder. It is designed to provide controlled deceleration and prevent any sudden stops or impacts that could damage the actuator or the machinery it is connected to. The internal snubber achieves this by using specialized components or mechanisms within the actuator that dampen the piston's movement and gradually bring it to a stop, ensuring smooth and controlled operation.