1.
What bond has 2 or more atoms that share electrons rather than gaining or losing them
Correct Answer
B. Covalent bond
Explanation
A covalent bond is formed when two or more atoms share electrons. Unlike ionic bonds, where electrons are transferred from one atom to another, covalent bonds involve a sharing of electrons between atoms. This sharing allows both atoms to achieve a more stable electron configuration. Therefore, a covalent bond is the correct answer because it describes a bond in which atoms share electrons rather than gaining or losing them.
2.
Force of attraction that holds together ions with opposite carge...
Correct Answer
A. Ionic bond
Explanation
Ionic bonds are formed between ions with opposite charges. In this type of bond, one atom transfers electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. The opposite charges attract each other, creating a strong force of attraction that holds the ions together. This force of attraction is what we refer to as an ionic bond.
3.
An atom or group of atoms with unpaird electron in the outer most shell
Correct Answer
C. Free radical
Explanation
A free radical is an atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron in its outermost shell. This unpaired electron makes the free radical highly reactive and unstable, as it seeks to pair up with another electron to achieve stability. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, while a cation is a positively charged ion. Therefore, the correct answer is free radical.
4.
a substance that contains atoms of 2 or more different elements
Correct Answer
B. Compound
Explanation
A compound is a substance that contains atoms of two or more different elements. In other words, it is a combination of different types of atoms bonded together. Compounds have unique properties and characteristics that are different from the elements they are made of. Examples of compounds include water (H2O), table salt (NaCl), and carbon dioxide (CO2).
5.
Two or more atoms share electrons
Correct Answer
C. Molecular
Explanation
When two or more atoms share electrons, they form a molecular bond. This results in the formation of a molecule, which is a distinct chemical species made up of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. Therefore, the term "molecular" is the correct answer as it accurately describes the situation where atoms share electrons to form a molecule.
6.
A negative charged ion
Correct Answer
A. Anion
Explanation
An anion is a negatively charged ion. It is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons. Since the question states "a negative charged ion," the correct answer is anion. A cation, on the other hand, is a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.
7.
A positive charged ion
Correct Answer
B. Cation
Explanation
A cation is a positively charged ion. In chemical reactions, atoms can gain or lose electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge. When an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes positively charged and is called a cation. Therefore, the given correct answer, "cation," accurately describes a positive charged ion.
8.
An atom that has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal number of protons and electrons
Correct Answer
C. Ion
Explanation
An ion is an atom that has a positive or negative charge because it has an unequal number of protons and electrons. This can occur when an atom gains or loses electrons. A cation is a positively charged ion that has lost electrons, while an anion is a negatively charged ion that has gained electrons. However, the term "ion" encompasses both cations and anions, making it the correct answer.
9.
The smallest of matter that retains the properties and characteristic of the element
Correct Answer
A. Atom
Explanation
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties and characteristics of an element. It is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms combine to form molecules and compounds. The other options, cell and ion, do not accurately describe the smallest unit of matter. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms, while an ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge.
10.
Formation of new cells for tissue growth repair or replacement; the production of all new individual
Correct Answer
C. Reproduction
Explanation
The process of reproduction involves the formation of new cells for the growth, repair, or replacement of tissues, as well as the production of new individuals. Reproduction is a fundamental biological process that ensures the continuation of a species. It involves the creation of offspring through the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in the formation of new cells that will develop into a new individual. This process is essential for the survival and propagation of all living organisms.
11.
Give rise to cells that under go differentiation
Correct Answer
A. Stem cells
Explanation
Stem cells have the ability to give rise to cells that undergo differentiation. This means that they can develop into different specialized cell types in the body. Stem cells have the potential to divide and differentiate into various cell types, such as blood cells, nerve cells, or muscle cells. They are important in the development and regeneration of tissues and organs in the body. Stem cells hold great promise in medical research and potential treatments for various diseases and conditions.
12.
Atoms of a molecule are held together by forces of attraction.
Correct Answer
A. Chemical bond
Explanation
A chemical bond is the force of attraction that holds atoms together in a molecule. It can be either a covalent bond or an ionic bond. In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons, while in an ionic bond, one atom transfers electrons to another. Both types of bonds result in the formation of a chemical bond, which is responsible for holding the atoms together in a molecule.
13.
Valence electrons are thos in the outermost shell
Correct Answer
B. Valence shell
Explanation
The valence shell refers to the outermost shell of an atom, which contains the valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons involved in chemical bonding and determining the reactivity of an atom. The other options, protons and neutrons, are particles found in the nucleus of an atom and are not directly related to the concept of valence electrons or the valence shell. Therefore, the correct answer is valence shell.
14.
An electrons state of potential energy
Correct Answer
B. Energy level
Explanation
The term "energy level" refers to the specific amount of energy that an electron in an atom can have. Electrons can occupy different energy levels, each with a specific amount of potential energy. These energy levels are represented by quantum numbers and are organized into shells or orbitals around the nucleus of an atom. The energy level of an electron determines its stability and its ability to participate in chemical reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is "energy level."
15.
Atoms of an element have the same number of protons but may differ in number of neutrons. most are stable but some are radioactive giving off particles and energy.
Correct Answer
A. Isotopes
Explanation
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but may differ in the number of neutrons. This difference in the number of neutrons results in different atomic masses for the isotopes. While most isotopes are stable, some are radioactive and undergo decay, releasing particles and energy.
16.
Form by interaction between 2 different atoms.
Correct Answer
C. Compound
Explanation
A compound is formed by the interaction between two different atoms. When atoms of different elements come together, they can form a compound through a chemical bond. This bond can be either ionic or covalent, depending on the nature of the atoms involved. In the case of ions, one atom loses electrons to become positively charged (cation), while the other atom gains those electrons to become negatively charged (anion). These oppositely charged ions then attract each other and form a compound. Therefore, a compound is the result of the interaction between two different atoms.
17.
Atoms share electrons. written as molecular formula showing the number of atoms of each element.
Correct Answer
B. Molecular
Explanation
The given correct answer is "molecular." This is because the statement describes the molecular formula, which shows the number of atoms of each element in a molecule. The molecular formula represents the composition of a molecule, indicating the types and quantities of atoms present. Isotopes refer to atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, while ions are charged particles formed by gaining or losing electrons. Therefore, the best explanation for the given correct answer is "molecular."
18.
Remove an electron
Correct Answer
B. Cation
Explanation
When an atom loses an electron, it becomes positively charged. This positively charged atom is called a cation. Therefore, the correct answer is "cation" because it refers to the process of removing an electron from an atom, resulting in a positively charged ion.
19.
Add electrons
Correct Answer
C. Anion
Explanation
An anion is a negatively charged ion, meaning it has gained one or more electrons. In this context, the statement "add electrons" suggests the process of gaining electrons, which would result in the formation of an anion. Cations, on the other hand, are positively charged ions that have lost one or more electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is anion.
20.
An atom that gave up or gained an electron. written with its chemical symbol and (+) or (-).
Correct Answer
A. Ions
Explanation
The term "ions" refers to atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge. An ion can be represented by its chemical symbol followed by a plus sign (+) if it has lost electrons (cation) or a minus sign (-) if it has gained electrons (anion).
21.
The sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus.
Correct Answer
A. Mass number
Explanation
The mass number refers to the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. It is a whole number and is used to identify different isotopes of an element. The atomic number, on the other hand, refers to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and determines the element's identity. The term "atom" refers to the basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) and electrons orbiting around it.
22.
Number of protons
Correct Answer
C. Atomic number
Explanation
The atomic number of an atom refers to the number of protons in its nucleus. It is a unique identifier for each element and determines its position on the periodic table. The mass number, on the other hand, represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus. While both numbers are important in understanding an atom's properties, the atomic number specifically refers to the number of protons, making it the correct answer in this context.
23.
The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element.
Correct Answer
A. Atom
Explanation
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element. It consists of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit around the nucleus. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter and cannot be broken down into smaller particles without losing their elemental properties. They combine with other atoms to form molecules and compounds, and their arrangement and interactions determine the physical and chemical properties of substances.
24.
Normal equilibrium of body processes are disrupted.
Correct Answer
B. Homeostasis imbalance
Explanation
The correct answer is "homeostasis imbalance." Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment. When there is a disruption in the normal equilibrium of body processes, it leads to a homeostasis imbalance. This imbalance can occur due to various factors such as stress, illness, or environmental changes. It can result in symptoms or health problems as the body is unable to function optimally.
25.
Response strengthens or reinforces the change.
Correct Answer
A. Positive feedback
Explanation
Positive feedback strengthens or reinforces a change. This means that when a system or process undergoes a change, positive feedback amplifies that change and encourages it to continue in the same direction. It creates a self-reinforcing loop where the initial change leads to more of the same change. This can be seen in various natural and man-made systems, such as the growth of populations or the amplification of sound in a microphone. Positive feedback is characterized by a cumulative effect, where the change is enhanced over time.
26.
Reverse a change
Correct Answer
B. Negative feedback
Explanation
Negative feedback refers to a mechanism that counteracts or reverses a change in order to maintain stability or equilibrium. It is a regulatory process that helps in maintaining homeostasis by reducing the deviation from the desired state. In the context of the given question, "reverse a change," negative feedback is the appropriate answer as it implies a process that opposes or reverses a change in order to restore the system to its original state. Positive feedback, on the other hand, amplifies or enhances a change, further moving the system away from its initial state.
27.
Responds
Correct Answer
A. Effector
Explanation
The effector is the component of a control system that carries out the response to a stimulus. It is responsible for producing the desired effect or action in response to the input received from the receptor. In this context, the effector is the correct answer because it is the part of the system that actually responds to the stimulus and brings about the necessary changes or actions.
28.
Interprets change determines how to respond
Correct Answer
B. Control center
Explanation
The control center is responsible for interpreting change and determining how to respond. It receives information from the receptor, which detects changes in the environment, and then sends signals to the effector, which carries out the appropriate response. The control center acts as the decision-making center, analyzing the incoming information and coordinating the appropriate response to maintain homeostasis or make necessary adjustments.
29.
Detects a change; neuron or part
Correct Answer
C. Receptor
Explanation
A receptor is a specialized cell or organ that detects changes in the environment or within the body. It can respond to various stimuli such as light, sound, pressure, temperature, or chemical signals. Receptors transmit this information to the control center, which then processes and coordinates a response. In this context, a receptor is responsible for detecting a change and initiating the necessary actions or signals to maintain homeostasis or respond to the external environment.
30.
Receptors, control center and effector
Correct Answer
A. Three basic comands
Explanation
The term "three basic commands" refers to the three components of a feedback loop in homeostasis. Receptors detect changes in the internal or external environment and send signals to the control center. The control center receives the information, processes it, and determines the appropriate response. The effector carries out the response directed by the control center, either to counteract the change or enhance it. This cycle of events helps maintain a stable internal environment in the body, known as homeostasis.
31.
Body is monitored and re-monitored.
Correct Answer
C. Cycle of events
Explanation
The given answer, "cycle of events," suggests that the body is constantly going through a series of events or processes. This implies that there is a continuous and repetitive pattern of actions or occurrences happening within the body. This could refer to various physiological processes such as the menstrual cycle, the circadian rhythm, or the process of digestion. By stating that the body is monitored and re-monitored, it implies that these events are closely observed and regulated to maintain homeostasis, which is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.
32.
A condition of equilibruim (balance) in the body's internal enviroment.
Correct Answer
B. Homeostasis
Explanation
Homeostasis refers to the condition of equilibrium or balance in the body's internal environment. It is a process that allows the body to maintain a stable and constant internal state despite external changes. This involves various physiological mechanisms that regulate temperature, pH levels, blood pressure, and other vital parameters within a narrow range. Homeostasis is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organs, ensuring optimal health and survival. Therefore, the correct answer is homeostasis.
33.
Formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair or replacement; the production of a new individual.
Correct Answer
B. Reproduction
Explanation
Reproduction refers to the process of producing a new individual, either sexually or asexually. It involves the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement, which are necessary for the development of the new individual. Differentiation, on the other hand, refers to the process by which cells become specialized and acquire specific functions. Responsiveness refers to the ability of an organism to respond to stimuli in its environment.
34.
Development of a cell from an unrespecialized to specialized state.
Correct Answer
A. Differentiation
Explanation
Differentiation refers to the process of a cell transitioning from an unspecialized state to a specialized state. This process involves the cell acquiring specific structures and functions that allow it to perform specific tasks within the organism. It is an essential process in development and allows for the formation of different cell types with distinct roles in the body. Reproduction refers to the production of offspring, while responsiveness refers to the ability of an organism or cell to respond to stimuli.
35.
Body ability to detect and respon to changes
Correct Answer
C. Responsiveness
Explanation
Responsiveness refers to the body's ability to detect and respond to changes in its internal or external environment. It involves the ability of cells, tissues, and organs to react to stimuli and adjust their activities accordingly. This response can be immediate or delayed, and it is essential for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the body's survival. Differentiation refers to the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions, while reproduction refers to the production of offspring. Therefore, responsiveness is the most appropriate answer as it directly relates to the body's ability to detect and respond to changes.
36.
All chemical reactions in the body
Correct Answer
A. Metabolism
Explanation
Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body. It involves processes such as breaking down food molecules to release energy, synthesizing new molecules, and eliminating waste products. Metabolism is essential for maintaining the body's functions and processes, including growth, repair, and reproduction. Therefore, metabolism is the correct answer as it encompasses all the chemical reactions that occur in the body.
37.
The function of something
Correct Answer
B. pHysiology
Explanation
Physiology is the study of how living organisms function, including the processes and functions of different systems within the body. Metabolism is a specific process within physiology that involves the chemical reactions that occur in the body to convert food into energy. Anatomy, on the other hand, focuses on the structure and organization of body parts. Therefore, physiology is the most appropriate answer as it encompasses the study of the function of something, such as metabolism, within the context of the overall functioning of the body.
38.
Form or structure of something
Correct Answer
C. Anatomy
Explanation
Anatomy refers to the form or structure of something, particularly in relation to the human body. It involves the study of the different parts and systems of the body, such as organs, tissues, and bones. Understanding anatomy is crucial in fields like medicine and biology as it helps in identifying and comprehending the various components and their functions within the body. In contrast, metabolism relates to the chemical processes that occur within an organism to maintain life, while physiology focuses on the study of the functions and mechanisms of living organisms.
39.
Are formed by the atoms of molecules sharing one, two or three pairs of their valence electrons
Correct Answer
A. Covalent bond
Explanation
Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share one, two, or three pairs of their valence electrons. In a covalent bond, the electrons are shared between the atoms, creating a strong bond that holds the atoms together in a molecule. This type of bond is commonly found in nonmetals and results in the formation of molecules. Covalent bonds can be single, double, or triple depending on the number of electron pairs shared between the atoms.
40.
Equal sharing of electrons
Correct Answer
C. Non polar covalent bond
Explanation
A nonpolar covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally. In this type of bond, the electronegativity difference between the two atoms is very small or nonexistent. As a result, the electrons are evenly distributed between the atoms, creating a balanced charge distribution and a nonpolar molecule. This is in contrast to polar covalent bonds, where there is an unequal sharing of electrons due to a significant electronegativity difference between the atoms involved. Covalent bonds, on the other hand, refer to the general type of bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms, regardless of whether it is polar or nonpolar.
41.
One pair of electrons shared
Correct Answer
A. Single covalent bond
Explanation
A single covalent bond occurs when two atoms share one pair of electrons. In this type of bond, the electrons are equally shared between the two atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of charge. This type of bond is typically formed between nonmetals and is the most common type of covalent bond.
42.
Two paris of electrons shared
Correct Answer
C. Double covalent bonds
Explanation
A double covalent bond occurs when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms. In this type of bond, the atoms share four electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable bond compared to a single covalent bond. Double covalent bonds are commonly found in molecules such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), where multiple bonds are required to achieve electron stability.
43.
Three pairs of electrons shared
Correct Answer
B. Triple covalent bond
Explanation
A triple covalent bond is formed when three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms. This type of bond is the strongest and shortest among covalent bonds. It requires a high amount of energy to break the bond, making it very stable. In a triple covalent bond, each atom contributes three electrons to the bond, resulting in a total of six shared electrons. This allows the atoms to achieve a full outer electron shell, satisfying the octet rule. Triple covalent bonds are commonly found in molecules such as nitrogen gas (N2) and acetylene (C2H2).
44.
Useful in establishing links between distant parts of a very large molecule. also 3-d molecules are often held togeher by a large number of...
Correct Answer
A. Hydrogen bonds
Explanation
Hydrogen bonds are useful in establishing links between distant parts of a very large molecule. These bonds occur when a hydrogen atom is attracted to an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, in a different part of the molecule. Although hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent or polar bonds, they can collectively provide stability and strength to the overall structure of the molecule. Therefore, hydrogen bonds are the correct answer in this case.
45.
Serve as links between molecules
Correct Answer
C. Intermolecular bond
Explanation
Intermolecular bonds refer to the forces of attraction between molecules. These bonds are weaker compared to the covalent bonds that hold atoms together within a molecule. Intermolecular bonds can be formed through various interactions such as hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, or van der Waals forces. These bonds serve as links between molecules, allowing them to interact and affect the physical properties of substances. Non-polar bonds and covalent bonds are terms that are not directly related to the concept of intermolecular bonds.
46.
Within molecules
Correct Answer
B. Intramolecular bonds
Explanation
Intramolecular bonds refer to the chemical bonds that exist within a molecule, holding its atoms together. These bonds are formed through the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms. Covalent bonds are a type of intramolecular bond where electrons are shared between atoms. Polar bonds are also a type of intramolecular bond where there is an uneven distribution of electron density between atoms. Therefore, the correct answer is intramolecular bonds.
47.
Compounds usually lack carbon and are simple molecules
Correct Answer
B. Inorganic
Explanation
This answer is correct because inorganic compounds are typically characterized by the absence of carbon atoms. They are composed of simple molecules that do not contain carbon, such as minerals, metals, and nonmetals. In contrast, organic compounds are composed of carbon atoms and are typically more complex in nature, often containing hydrogen and other elements. Therefore, based on the given information, the correct answer is inorganic.
48.
Compounds always contain carbon and hydrogen usually contain oxygen and always have covalent bonds
Correct Answer
A. Organic
Explanation
The correct answer is "organic" because compounds that are classified as organic always contain carbon and hydrogen, and usually contain oxygen as well. These compounds are characterized by having covalent bonds, which are formed when atoms share electrons. In contrast, inorganic compounds do not necessarily contain carbon or hydrogen, and may have different types of bonds such as ionic or metallic. Therefore, the given characteristics align with the definition of organic compounds.
49.
Does the dissolving
Correct Answer
A. Sovalent
50.
Being dissolved
Correct Answer
B. Solute
Explanation
The term "solute" refers to a substance that is being dissolved in a solvent to create a solution. In this context, the word "being dissolved" suggests that the solute is undergoing the process of dissolution. Therefore, the correct answer is "solute."