Pathophysiology Unit 3 Knowledge Check

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| By Pw

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Quizzes Created: 14 | Total Attempts: 3,532

Questions: 5 | Attempts: 218 | Updated: Mar 22, 2023

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Questions and Answers

1.

The most common cause of dementia is (select best answer):
- A.
  
  Head injury
- B.
  
  Alzheimer's
- C.
  
  Stroke
- D.
  
  HIV
Correct Answer
B. Alzheimer's

Explanation
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. It is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the brain, leading to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. While head injuries, strokes, and HIV can also contribute to dementia, Alzheimer's is the leading cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of dementia cases. It is characterized by the buildup of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain, which disrupt normal brain function and communication between neurons. The progression of Alzheimer's disease is gradual and irreversible, making it a significant public health concern worldwide.

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2.

In Alzheimer's disease, plaques are commonly found in this area of the brain:
- A.
  
  Hypothalamus
- B.
  
  Brain stem
- C.
  
  Hippocampus
- D.
  
  Thalamus
Correct Answer
C. Hippocampus

Explanation
The correct answer is hippocampus. In Alzheimer's disease, plaques, which are abnormal clusters of protein fragments, are commonly found in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is a vital region of the brain involved in memory formation and consolidation. Damage to the hippocampus due to the accumulation of plaques is believed to be a major contributor to memory loss and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease patients.

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3.

Which of the following best describes dementia?
- A.
  
  Memory loss occurring as part of the natural consequence of aging
- B.
  
  Difficulty coping with physical and psychological change
- C.
  
  Severe cognitive impairment that occurs rapidly
- D.
  
  Loss of cognitive abilities, impairing ability to perform activities of daily living
Correct Answer
D. Loss of cognitive abilities, impairing ability to perform activities of daily living

Explanation
Dementia is best described as a loss of cognitive abilities that impairs the individual's ability to perform activities of daily living. This includes difficulties with memory, thinking, problem-solving, language, and attention. It is not a normal part of aging but rather a syndrome that can be caused by various diseases and conditions. The decline in cognitive function is usually progressive and can significantly impact a person's independence and quality of life.

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4.

The most common cause of intellectual disability is:
- A.
  
  Autism
- B.
  
  Fragile X syndrome
- C.
  
  Head injury
- D.
  
  Borderline personality
Correct Answer
B. Fragile X syndrome

Explanation
Fragile X syndrome is the correct answer because it is the most common known genetic cause of intellectual disability. It is a genetic condition that causes a range of developmental problems, including learning disabilities and cognitive impairment. Fragile X syndrome is caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene, which leads to a deficiency in a specific protein that is important for brain development and function. This genetic disorder affects both males and females, but males are typically more severely affected.

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5.

A family member expresses concern to a nurse about behavioral changes in an elderly aunt. Which would cause the nurse to suspect a cognitive impairment disorder?
- A.
  
  Decreased interest in activities that she once enjoyed
- B.
  
  Fearfulness of being alone at night
- C.
  
  Increased complaints of physical ailments
- D.
  
  Problems with preparing a meal or balancing her checkbook
Correct Answer
D. Problems with preparing a meal or balancing her checkbook

Explanation
The nurse would suspect a cognitive impairment disorder based on the problems with preparing a meal or balancing her checkbook. This is because difficulty with tasks that require organization, planning, and problem-solving skills can be indicative of cognitive impairments such as dementia or Alzheimer's disease. The other options, such as decreased interest in activities, fearfulness of being alone, and increased complaints of physical ailments, may be indicative of other issues but are not specific to cognitive impairment disorders.

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Current Version
Mar 22, 2023

Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team
Apr 29, 2018

Quiz Created by
Pw

Pathophysiology Unit 3 Knowledge Check

The most common cause of dementia is (select best answer):

In Alzheimer's disease, plaques are commonly found in this area of the brain:

Which of the following best describes dementia?

The most common cause of intellectual disability is:

A family member expresses concern to a nurse about behavioral changes in an elderly aunt. Which would cause the nurse to suspect a cognitive impairment disorder?