Phlebotomy Questions Quiz: Exam!

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Bima Baje

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Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 6,329

Questions: 26 | Attempts: 3,208 | Updated: Feb 25, 2024

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1.

The membrane that covers the outside of the heart.

Explanation
The pericardium is a double-layered membrane that surrounds and protects the heart. It consists of two layers: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The fibrous pericardium is tough and dense, providing structural support and anchoring the heart in place within the chest cavity. The serous pericardium is a thinner, more delicate layer that secretes fluid to lubricate the heart and reduce friction as it beats. Together, these layers form a protective sac around the heart, allowing it to function properly while also minimizing friction and damage from surrounding structures.

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2.

The muscular wall of the heart, the thickest of the three layers of the heart wall, it lies between the inner layer (endocardium) and the outer layer (epicardium)

Explanation
The correct answer is myocardium. The myocardium refers to the muscular wall of the heart, which is the thickest layer of the heart wall. It is located between the inner layer, known as the endocardium, and the outer layer, called the epicardium. The myocardium is responsible for the contraction and pumping action of the heart, allowing it to circulate blood throughout the body.

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3.

The membrane lining the inside of the heart.

Explanation
The correct answer is endocardium. The endocardium is the smooth membrane that lines the inside of the heart. It is composed of a thin layer of endothelial cells and connective tissue. The endocardium helps to reduce friction as blood flows through the heart and also plays a role in the regulation of cardiac muscle contraction.

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4.

Blood vessel expansion and contraction caused by the blood pumped through them; calculated as the number of expansions occurring per minute.

Explanation
The pulse is the rhythmic throbbing or pulsation of the arteries that is caused by the expansion and contraction of blood vessels due to the blood being pumped through them. It is calculated by counting the number of expansions or beats that occur in one minute. The pulse rate is an important indicator of a person's heart health and can provide valuable information about their overall well-being.

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5.

The force exerted in the arteries by blood as it circulates. It is divided into systolic (when the heart contracts) and diastolic (when the heart is filling) pressures.

Explanation
Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries as it circulates through the body. It is measured in two numbers: systolic pressure, which represents the pressure when the heart contracts and pumps blood out, and diastolic pressure, which represents the pressure when the heart is filling with blood. Blood pressure is an important indicator of cardiovascular health and can be influenced by various factors such as age, lifestyle, and underlying medical conditions.

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6.

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body, does not have valves.

Explanation
Arteries are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. Unlike veins, arteries do not have valves. Valves in veins help prevent the backflow of blood and ensure that it flows in one direction. Arteries, on the other hand, have thick, elastic walls that allow them to withstand the high pressure of blood being pumped from the heart. This lack of valves in arteries allows for the efficient and rapid flow of blood throughout the body.

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7.

Blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart, have valves.

Explanation
Veins are the blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart. One of the distinguishing features of veins is that they have valves. These valves prevent the backflow of blood and ensure that it flows in only one direction towards the heart. This is important because blood in the veins is under lower pressure compared to arteries, and the valves help maintain the proper circulation of blood.

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8.

One cell thick blood vessels between arteries and veins that distribute oxygen-rich blood to the body.

Explanation
Capillaries are one cell thick blood vessels that connect arteries to veins. They play a crucial role in the circulatory system by distributing oxygen-rich blood to the body's tissues and organs. Due to their thin walls, capillaries allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding cells. This network of capillaries ensures that every cell in the body receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products.

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9.

Smallest veins.

Explanation
Venules are the smallest type of veins in the body. Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Venules are responsible for collecting blood from capillaries and merging to form larger veins. They have thinner walls compared to veins and are typically found in close proximity to capillary beds.

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10.

Smallest arteries.

Explanation
Arterioles are the smallest arteries in the body. They are responsible for regulating blood flow and blood pressure within the circulatory system. These tiny blood vessels connect the larger arteries to the capillaries and play a crucial role in controlling the distribution of oxygenated blood to different organs and tissues. Due to their small size, arterioles have a high resistance to blood flow, allowing for precise regulation and adjustment of blood flow to meet the specific needs of different tissues and organs.

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11.

Represent the Atrial depolarization.

Explanation
The P wave in an electrocardiogram represents the depolarization of the atria. It shows the electrical activity that causes the atria to contract and pump blood into the ventricles. This wave is characterized by a small upward deflection on the ECG graph. The P wave is important in diagnosing various cardiac conditions, such as atrial fibrillation or atrial enlargement. By analyzing the shape, duration, and amplitude of the P wave, healthcare professionals can gain insights into the overall health and functioning of the atria.

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12.

Represents the Ventricle depolarization.

Explanation
The QRS complex represents the depolarization of the ventricles. During this phase of the cardiac cycle, the electrical signals cause the ventricles to contract and pump blood out of the heart. The QRS complex is seen as a series of waves on an electrocardiogram (ECG) and indicates the activation of the ventricular muscle. It is an important measurement in diagnosing various cardiac conditions and can provide valuable information about the overall health and function of the heart.

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13.

Represents the ventricular repolarization.

Explanation
The T wave on an electrocardiogram represents the ventricular repolarization. It is a small, upward deflection that follows the QRS complex, which represents ventricular depolarization. The T wave represents the recovery of the ventricles, as they relax and prepare for the next heartbeat. It is important to note any abnormalities in the T wave, as they can indicate certain cardiac conditions or electrolyte imbalances.

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14.

Composed of simple, squamous epithelium called the endothelium. Rests on a connective tissue membrane that is rich in elastic and collagenous fibers.

Explanation
The tunica intima is the innermost layer of blood vessels and is composed of simple, squamous epithelium called the endothelium. It rests on a connective tissue membrane that contains abundant elastic and collagenous fibers. This layer is responsible for maintaining the integrity and smoothness of blood vessels, allowing for efficient blood flow and preventing the formation of blood clots.

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15.

Makes up the bulk of the arterial wall. Includes smooth muscle fibers, which encircle the tubes, and a thick layer of elastic connective tissue.

Explanation
The tunica media is the layer of the arterial wall that consists of smooth muscle fibers and a thick layer of elastic connective tissue. This layer is responsible for regulating the diameter of the blood vessels and maintaining their elasticity. It plays a crucial role in controlling blood pressure and blood flow throughout the body.

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16.

Consists chiefly of connective tissue with irregularly arranged elastic and collagenous fibers. This layer attaches the artery to the surrounding tissues. Also contains minute vessels (vasa vasorum-vessels of vessels) that give rise to capillaries and provide blood to the more external cells of the artery wall.

Explanation
The correct answer is Tunica adventitia. The explanation provided describes the characteristics and functions of the tunica adventitia, which is the outermost layer of an artery. It consists mainly of connective tissue with elastic and collagenous fibers, and it attaches the artery to the surrounding tissues. Additionally, it contains small blood vessels called vasa vasorum, which supply blood to the outer cells of the artery wall.

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17.

Runs the entire length of the lower extremity and is the longest vein in the body.

Explanation
The great saphenous vein is the correct answer because it runs the entire length of the lower extremity and is the longest vein in the body. This vein starts at the top of the foot and extends all the way up the leg, eventually joining the femoral vein in the groin area. It is responsible for carrying blood from the leg back to the heart.

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18.

Inefficient and rapid heart contraction caused by disruptions to the nerve impulses.

Explanation
Fibrillation refers to an irregular and rapid contraction of the heart muscles, which is caused by disruptions to the nerve impulses that control the heart's rhythm. This condition leads to an inefficient pumping of blood, as the heart is not able to contract and relax properly. Fibrillation can occur in different parts of the heart, such as the atria or ventricles, and can be potentially life-threatening if not treated promptly.

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19.

Heart contraction rate abnormalities, which may manifest as a rate that is too slow (bradycardia) or to fast (tachycardia)

Explanation
Heart contraction rate abnormalities, such as bradycardia (slow heart rate) or tachycardia (fast heart rate), are known as arrhythmias. Arrhythmias occur when the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm are disrupted, causing the heart to beat irregularly. This can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, and shortness of breath. Arrhythmias can be caused by various factors, including heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, and certain medications. Treatment options for arrhythmias may include medication, lifestyle changes, or medical procedures such as catheter ablation or implantation of a pacemaker.

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20.

The noise heard between normal heart sounds, due to the flow of the blood through a heart valve.

Explanation
A murmur is a noise that is heard between normal heart sounds. It is caused by the flow of blood through a heart valve.

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21.

The number of contractions of the heart in one minute. It is measured in beats per minute (bpm) When resting, the adult human heart beats at about 70 bpm (males and 75 bpm (females), but this rate varies between people.

Explanation
Heart rate refers to the number of contractions of the heart in one minute. It is measured in beats per minute (bpm). When resting, the average adult human heart beats at about 70 bpm for males and 75 bpm for females, although this rate can vary between individuals.

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22.

The volume of blood being pumped by the heart in a minute. It is equal to the heart rate multiplied by the stroke volume.

Explanation
Cardiac output refers to the volume of blood that is being pumped by the heart in a minute. It is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (the number of times the heart beats per minute) by the stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped out by the heart with each beat). This measurement is important in assessing the overall efficiency of the heart's pumping function and determining the body's blood flow requirements.

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23.

The amount of blood ejected by the ventricle of the heart with each beat usually stressed in milliliters. (ml)

Explanation
Stroke volume refers to the amount of blood that is ejected by the ventricle of the heart with each beat. It is typically measured in milliliters (ml). This measurement is important as it indicates the efficiency and effectiveness of the heart in pumping blood throughout the body. A higher stroke volume indicates a stronger and healthier heart, while a lower stroke volume may suggest a weakened or compromised heart function.

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24.

The hollow area within the blood vessel.

Explanation
The term "lumen" refers to the hollow area within a blood vessel. It is the space through which blood flows, and it is surrounded by the walls of the blood vessel. The lumen is important for the passage of blood and the transportation of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body. It is crucial for maintaining proper blood flow and ensuring the normal functioning of the circulatory system.

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25.

Tissue flaps inside a vein or the heart that prevent the backward flow of blood. Valves open as blood moves through them and close under the weight of blood collecting in the vein due to decreased pressure of gravity.

Explanation
Valves are tissue flaps inside a vein or the heart that prevent the backward flow of blood. They open as blood moves through them and close under the weight of blood collecting in the vein due to decreased pressure of gravity.

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Current Version
Feb 25, 2024

Quiz Edited by
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Aug 21, 2020

Quiz Created by
Bima Baje

Phlebotomy Questions Quiz: Exam!

The membrane that covers the outside of the heart.

The muscular wall of the heart, the thickest of the three layers of the heart wall, it lies between the inner layer (endocardium) and the outer layer (epicardium)

The membrane lining the inside of the heart.

Blood vessel expansion and contraction caused by the blood pumped through them; calculated as the number of expansions occurring per minute.

The force exerted in the arteries by blood as it circulates. It is divided into systolic (when the heart contracts) and diastolic (when the heart is filling) pressures.

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body, does not have valves.

Blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart, have valves.

One cell thick blood vessels between arteries and veins that distribute oxygen-rich blood to the body.

Smallest veins.

Smallest arteries.

Represent the Atrial depolarization.

Represents the Ventricle depolarization.

Represents the ventricular repolarization.

Composed of simple, squamous epithelium called the endothelium. Rests on a connective tissue membrane that is rich in elastic and collagenous fibers.

Makes up the bulk of the arterial wall. Includes smooth muscle fibers, which encircle the tubes, and a thick layer of elastic connective tissue.

Runs the entire length of the lower extremity and is the longest vein in the body.

Inefficient and rapid heart contraction caused by disruptions to the nerve impulses.

Heart contraction rate abnormalities, which may manifest as a rate that is too slow (bradycardia) or to fast (tachycardia)

The noise heard between normal heart sounds, due to the flow of the blood through a heart valve.

The number of contractions of the heart in one minute. It is measured in beats per minute (bpm) When resting, the adult human heart beats at about 70 bpm (males and 75 bpm (females), but this rate varies between people.

The volume of blood being pumped by the heart in a minute. It is equal to the heart rate multiplied by the stroke volume.

The amount of blood ejected by the ventricle of the heart with each beat usually stressed in milliliters. (ml)

The hollow area within the blood vessel.

Tissue flaps inside a vein or the heart that prevent the backward flow of blood. Valves open as blood moves through them and close under the weight of blood collecting in the vein due to decreased pressure of gravity.