Physical Science Module 6
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Rock formed when chemical reactions cement sediments together, hardening them, is called:
- A.
Elementary Rock
- B.
Sedimentary Rock
- C.
Rudimentary Rock
- D.
Fraggle Rock
Correct Answer
B. Sedimentary RockExplanation
Sedimentary rock is formed when sediments are cemented together through chemical reactions, resulting in a hardened rock. Sediments are typically made up of fragments of other rocks, minerals, and organic materials that have been weathered and eroded. Over time, these sediments accumulate and are compacted under pressure, causing them to solidify into sedimentary rock. This type of rock is often found in layers or strata and can contain fossils, providing valuable information about Earth's history.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Rock that behaves like something between a liquid and a solid is called:
- A.
Elastic Rock
- B.
Sedimentary Rock
- C.
Plastic Rock
- D.
Slurpee Rock
Correct Answer
C. Plastic RockExplanation
Plastic rock refers to a type of rock that exhibits properties between those of a liquid and a solid. This means that it can deform and flow like a liquid under certain conditions, but also retain its shape like a solid. The term "plastic" in this context does not refer to the material commonly known as plastic, but rather to the rock's ability to undergo plastic deformation. This behavior is often observed in certain types of metamorphic rocks, such as schist or gneiss, which can be easily molded or bent without breaking.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The boundary between two sections of rock that can move relative to one another is called:
- A.
Fault
- B.
Crack
- C.
Divider
- D.
Border
Correct Answer
A. FaultExplanation
A fault is the correct answer because it refers to the boundary between two sections of rock that can move relative to one another. Faults occur due to the movement and displacement of the Earth's tectonic plates, resulting in earthquakes and the formation of various landforms. This term is commonly used in geology to describe the fractures or breaks in the Earth's crust where rocks on either side have moved horizontally, vertically, or laterally.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The point on the surface of the earth directly above an earthquake's focus is called:
- A.
Rock Center
- B.
Epaulet
- C.
Focal Point
- D.
Epicenter
Correct Answer
D. EpicenterExplanation
The point on the surface of the earth directly above an earthquake's focus is called the epicenter. This is the location where the seismic waves generated by the earthquake reach the surface first. It is typically the area that experiences the greatest shaking and damage. By studying the distribution of earthquakes and their epicenters, scientists can better understand the underlying faults and tectonic activity in a region.Rate this question:
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- 5.
What have scientists observed in order to learn about earth's interior?
- A.
Ground Penetrating Radar
- B.
Seismic Waves
- C.
Lava Waves
- D.
Neutrino Detector
Correct Answer
B. Seismic WavesExplanation
Scientists have observed seismic waves in order to learn about Earth's interior. Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the Earth's layers during an earthquake. By studying the behavior of these waves, scientists can gather information about the composition, density, and structure of the Earth's interior. Seismic waves help scientists understand the different layers of the Earth, such as the crust, mantle, and core, and provide valuable insights into processes like plate tectonics and the formation of earthquakes.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Between what two regions of the earth can you find the Moho?
- A.
Inner Core/Outer Core
- B.
Asthenosphere/Mantle
- C.
Crust/Inner Core
- D.
Crust/Mantle
Correct Answer
D. Crust/MantleExplanation
The Moho, also known as the Mohorovičić discontinuity, is a boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle. It marks the transition from the solid, rigid crust to the semi-solid, ductile mantle. Therefore, the correct answer is Crust/Mantle.Rate this question:
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- 7.
What causes the earth's magnetic field?
- A.
Electrical Flow in the Core
- B.
Van Allen Radiation Belt
- C.
Magnetic North Pole
- D.
The Pull of the Moon
Correct Answer
A. Electrical Flow in the CoreExplanation
The earth's magnetic field is caused by electrical flow in the core. The core of the earth is made up of molten iron and nickel, which creates a flow of electric current due to the movement of these metallic elements. This electrical flow generates a magnetic field around the earth, which is essential for protecting the planet from harmful solar radiation and for navigation purposes. The flow of electric current in the core is influenced by various factors, including the rotation of the earth and the convection currents within the core.Rate this question:
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- 8.
What two theories attempt to explain the earth's magnetic field?
- A.
Dynomite Theory & Rabid-Dog Theory
- B.
Dynamo Theory & Rapid-Decay Theory
Correct Answer
B. Dynamo Theory & Rapid-Decay TheoryExplanation
The correct answer is Dynamo Theory & Rapid-Decay Theory. Dynamo Theory suggests that the earth's magnetic field is generated by the motion of molten iron in its outer core. This motion creates electric currents, which in turn create the magnetic field. Rapid-Decay Theory, on the other hand, proposes that the earth's magnetic field is gradually weakening and will eventually reverse its polarity. This theory is based on the observation that the strength of the magnetic field has been decreasing over time.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which theory from the previous question is most scientifically valid?
- A.
Dynomite Theory
- B.
Rabid-Dog Theory
- C.
Dynamo Theory
- D.
Rapid-Decay Theory
Correct Answer
D. Rapid-Decay TheoryExplanation
The Rapid-Decay Theory is the most scientifically valid theory because it suggests that something is decaying quickly. This implies that there is a process of rapid deterioration or breakdown occurring. In a scientific context, theories are considered valid when they are supported by evidence and can be tested and replicated. Therefore, the Rapid-Decay Theory aligns with the scientific method by proposing a phenomenon that can be observed and studied.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What major benefit do we derive from the earth's magnetic field?
- A.
It blocks cosmic rays from the sun.
- B.
It keeps the oceans from overflowing.
- C.
It contains all life-giving oxygen within earth's atmosphere.
- D.
It keeps meteors and comets from crashing into earth.
Correct Answer
A. It blocks cosmic rays from the sun.Explanation
The earth's magnetic field plays a vital role in protecting our planet from harmful cosmic rays emitted by the sun. These cosmic rays consist of high-energy particles that can be detrimental to life on Earth, causing genetic mutations and increasing the risk of cancer. The magnetic field acts as a shield, deflecting and trapping most of these cosmic rays, preventing them from reaching the surface. This protection is crucial for the preservation of life on our planet.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In a survey of the deep ocean, sonar measurements detect a deep trench on the bottom that runs as far as the instruments detect. What is the most likely cause of the trench?
- A.
Soviet's submarine torpedoed the area during testing.
- B.
Plate collision occured causing both plates to buckle.
- C.
A powerful deep-water ocean current has carved out this trench over thousands of years.
- D.
Plate separation occured causing the plates to move away from each other.
Correct Answer
D. Plate separation occured causing the plates to move away from each other.Explanation
A powerful deep-water ocean current carving out the trench over thousands of years is not the most likely cause because sonar measurements would not detect the movement caused by a current. The Soviet's submarine torpedoing the area during testing is not a likely cause because it would not result in a deep trench. Plate collision causing both plates to buckle is also not the most likely cause as it would result in a mountain range rather than a trench. Therefore, the most likely cause is plate separation, which would cause the plates to move away from each other and create a trench.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The earthquake activity of two regions on earth is measured. The first region sits near the middle of one of the plates in the earth's crust, while the other is very near a boundary between two plates. Which will (most likely) have the greatest earthquake activity?
- A.
The region which sits near the middle of the plate.
- B.
The region which is very near a boundary between two plates.
Correct Answer
B. The region which is very near a boundary between two plates.Explanation
The region which is very near a boundary between two plates is more likely to have the greatest earthquake activity. Earthquakes occur when there is a release of energy along fault lines, which are often found near plate boundaries. The movement and interaction of tectonic plates at these boundaries create more stress and friction, leading to a higher likelihood of earthquakes. In contrast, the region near the middle of a plate experiences less movement and interaction between plates, resulting in lower earthquake activity.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Many powerful earthquakes are followed later by less-powerful earthquakes called "aftershocks." If an earthquake measures 6 on the Richter scale and is followed by an aftershock that measures 4, how many times more energy was released in the original earthquake as compared to the aftershock?
- A.
3 times more energetic than the aftershock
- B.
32 times more energetic than the aftershock
- C.
1,024 times more energetic than the aftershock
- D.
32,768 times more energetic than the aftershock
Correct Answer
C. 1,024 times more energetic than the aftershockExplanation
The Richter scale is logarithmic, meaning that each whole number increase on the scale represents a tenfold increase in the amplitude of the seismic waves and approximately 31.6 times more energy released. Therefore, if the original earthquake measures 6 on the Richter scale and the aftershock measures 4, the original earthquake released 10^2 times more energy than the aftershock. 10^2 is equal to 1,024, so the correct answer is that the original earthquake was 1,024 times more energetic than the aftershock.Rate this question:
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- 14.
If a region of the earth has a lot of volcanic activity, what kinds of mountains do you expect to find there?
- A.
Fault-Block and Folded Mountains
- B.
Volcanic and Domed Mountains
Correct Answer
B. Volcanic and Domed MountainsExplanation
If a region of the earth has a lot of volcanic activity, it is expected to have volcanic and domed mountains. Volcanic mountains are formed by the accumulation of volcanic materials such as lava, ash, and pyroclastic debris. These mountains are typically steep and have a conical shape. Domed mountains, on the other hand, are formed by the uplift of large areas of rock due to the intrusion of magma beneath the Earth's surface. They have a rounded shape and are often associated with volcanic activity. Therefore, in a region with significant volcanic activity, it is reasonable to expect the presence of both volcanic and domed mountains.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Many scientists think that at one time, all the continents might have fit together to form a supercontinent. What is the name of this supercontinent?
- A.
Panera
- B.
Pangaea
- C.
Panacea
- D.
Pancakes
Correct Answer
B. PangaeaExplanation
Pangaea is the correct answer because many scientists believe that all the continents were once connected as a single landmass called Pangaea. This theory is supported by the matching shapes of the continents' coastlines, similarities in geological formations, and the distribution of fossils across different continents. Pangaea started to break apart around 200 million years ago, eventually forming the continents we know today.Rate this question:
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Oct 28, 2012Quiz Created by
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