1.
What is eutrophication as it applies to oceans?
Correct Answer
A. Releasing Chemical Nutrients
Explanation
Eutrophication refers to the process of releasing chemical nutrients into the oceans. This can occur due to human activities such as agriculture, industrial waste disposal, and sewage runoff. When excess nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, enter the marine environment, they stimulate the growth of algae and other aquatic plants. This excessive growth leads to the depletion of oxygen in the water, causing harm to marine life and disrupting the ecosystem. Therefore, eutrophication is a significant environmental issue that can have detrimental effects on the health and balance of ocean ecosystems.
2.
What is the uppermost ocean zone?
Correct Answer
A. Epipelagic Zone
Explanation
The epipelagic zone is the uppermost ocean zone, also known as the sunlight zone. It is the top layer of the ocean where sunlight can penetrate, allowing photosynthesis to occur. This zone is characterized by high levels of light and nutrients, which support a diverse range of marine life, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and various fish species. The other options mentioned, such as the nepipelagic, mesopelagic, and neritic zones, are all located at different depths below the epipelagic zone.
3.
SALM stands for what?
Correct Answer
A. Single Anchor Leg Mooring
Explanation
SALM stands for Single Anchor Leg Mooring. This refers to a type of offshore buoy system that is used to moor large vessels, such as oil tankers or floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) units. The system consists of a single anchor leg, which is attached to the seabed, and a buoy that floats on the surface. The buoy is connected to the vessel by a mooring line, allowing it to remain stationary and securely anchored in place. This type of mooring system is commonly used in offshore oil and gas operations.
4.
OPDS stands for what?
Correct Answer
D. Offshore Petroleum Discharge System
Explanation
OPDS stands for Offshore Petroleum Discharge System. This system is designed to handle the discharge of petroleum products from offshore drilling operations. It ensures that the discharge is properly managed and does not cause pollution in the ocean. This system plays a crucial role in preventing environmental damage and maintaining the sustainability of marine ecosystems.
5.
In what year did the Ocean Drilling Program begin?
Correct Answer
D. 1985
Explanation
The Ocean Drilling Program began in 1985.
6.
In what year did the Deep Sea Drilling Project begin?
Correct Answer
C. 1964
Explanation
The correct answer is 1964. The Deep Sea Drilling Project began in this year.
7.
What was the goal of Project Mohole?
Correct Answer
D. To Drill Between Crust And Mantle
Explanation
Project Mohole's goal was to drill between the Earth's crust and mantle. This ambitious scientific project aimed to reach the Mohorovičić discontinuity, also known as the Moho, which is the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle. By drilling through this boundary, scientists hoped to gain a better understanding of the Earth's composition, structure, and geological processes. This project was an important step in advancing our knowledge of the Earth's interior and deep-sea exploration.
8.
In what year was Project Mohole proposed?
Correct Answer
B. 1957
Explanation
Project Mohole was a scientific project proposed in 1957. It aimed to drill a hole through the Earth's crust into the Mohorovičić discontinuity, which separates the Earth's crust from the mantle. The project was intended to provide valuable insights into the Earth's composition and structure. However, due to various technical and financial challenges, the project was ultimately abandoned in the early 1960s.
9.
Which of these creatures would inhabit the bathyal zone?
Correct Answer
C. Squid
Explanation
The bathyal zone is the middle layer of the ocean, extending from 200 to 2,000 meters below the surface. Squid are known to inhabit this zone as they are adapted to survive in the low light conditions and colder temperatures found at these depths. Bull sharks, herring, and jellyfish are more commonly found in shallower waters and would not typically inhabit the bathyal zone.
10.
What is the deepest ocean zone?
Correct Answer
C. Hadal Zone
Explanation
The Hadal Zone is the correct answer because it represents the deepest part of the ocean, usually found in deep trenches or canyons. It is characterized by extreme conditions such as high pressure, low temperatures, and complete darkness. The Hadal Zone is home to unique and adapted organisms that have evolved to survive in this harsh environment.
11.
Which of these creatures would reside in the abyssal zone?
Correct Answer
B. Fangtooth
Explanation
The abyssal zone is the deepest part of the ocean, where sunlight cannot penetrate. It is characterized by extremely high pressure, low temperatures, and complete darkness. The fangtooth is a deep-sea fish that is well adapted to these harsh conditions, making it a likely resident of the abyssal zone. Jellyfish, whale sharks, and squid are typically found in shallower waters and would not be able to survive in the abyssal zone.
12.
What percentage of marine life inhabits coastal zones?
Correct Answer
D. 98%
Explanation
The correct answer is 98%. This means that almost all marine life inhabits coastal zones. Coastal zones are areas where land and sea meet, and they are rich in nutrients and provide a variety of habitats for marine organisms. These areas are teeming with life, including fish, corals, seagrasses, and other marine plants and animals. The high percentage of marine life in coastal zones highlights the importance of protecting and conserving these areas to ensure the survival of marine ecosystems.
13.
What percentage of the ocean's volume is in coastal zones?
Correct Answer
B. 10%
Explanation
10% of the ocean's volume is in coastal zones. This means that only a small portion of the ocean's total volume is found in areas near the coastlines. The remaining 90% of the ocean's volume is located in deeper, offshore areas. Coastal zones are important as they support a diverse range of marine life and provide valuable resources and habitats for both humans and animals. However, it is crucial to protect and preserve these areas as they are vulnerable to pollution, overfishing, and other human activities that can have a negative impact on their ecosystems.
14.
Coral reefs are largely in what ocean zone?
Correct Answer
B. Neritic Zone
Explanation
Coral reefs are largely found in the neritic zone. This zone is the shallow, coastal area of the ocean that extends from the low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf. It is characterized by warm, clear waters with abundant sunlight, which is essential for the growth of coral reefs. The neritic zone is rich in nutrients and supports a diverse range of marine life, including coral reefs, which thrive in the shallow, sunlit waters. The other options, such as the abyssal, euphotic, and hadal zones, are not suitable habitats for coral reefs due to factors like depth, light availability, and temperature.
15.
The hadal zone begins at what depth?
Correct Answer
B. 10,000 Meters
Explanation
The hadal zone begins at a depth of 10,000 meters. This is the deepest part of the ocean, where extreme conditions such as immense pressure, complete darkness, and low temperatures exist. It is named after the Greek god of the underworld, Hades. The hadal zone is home to unique and diverse species that have adapted to survive in these extreme environments.