Quiz: Test Your Knowledge on Human Biology - Chapter 7

1. Which type of white blood cell is associated with the following functions?

Neutrophils (60%): Fight bacterial infections

Eosinophils (2–4%): Fight parasitic infections and play a role in allergic reactions

Basophils (0.5%): Release histamine during allergic reactions

All of the above

Each type of white blood cell has a specific function in the immune response. Neutrophils fight bacterial infections, eosinophils fight parasitic infections and play a role in allergic reactions, basophils release histamine during allergic reactions, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, and lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) are involved in the adaptive immune response.

Explanation

Each type of white blood cell has a specific function in the immune response. Neutrophils fight bacterial infections, eosinophils fight parasitic infections and play a role in allergic reactions, basophils release histamine during allergic reactions, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, and lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) are involved in the adaptive immune response.

2. Which of these conditions are correctly matched with their descriptions?

Anemia: A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin

Polycythemia: A condition characterized by an excess of red blood cells

Thrombocytopenia: A condition characterized by a deficiency of platelets

All of the above

Anemia is characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, polycythemia by an excess of red blood cells, thrombocytopenia by a deficiency of platelets, thrombocytosis by an excess of platelets, and septicemia is a serious bloodstream infection.

Explanation

Anemia is characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, polycythemia by an excess of red blood cells, thrombocytopenia by a deficiency of platelets, thrombocytosis by an excess of platelets, and septicemia is a serious bloodstream infection.

3. Which protein in the blood plasma performs the following functions?

Albumins: Maintain blood osmotic pressure

Globulins: Involved in immune response

Clotting proteins: Involved in blood clotting

All of the above

All these proteins play crucial roles in the body. Albumins help maintain blood osmotic pressure, globulins are involved in the immune response, and clotting proteins are involved in blood clotting.

Explanation

All these proteins play crucial roles in the body. Albumins help maintain blood osmotic pressure, globulins are involved in the immune response, and clotting proteins are involved in blood clotting.

4. How is the structure of a red blood cell related to its function?

The structure of red blood cells, packed with hemoglobin, allows them to bind and transport oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

Explanation

The structure of red blood cells, packed with hemoglobin, allows them to bind and transport oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

5. Does the hormone erythropoietin regulate RBC production?

True

False

Erythropoietin is a hormone produced primarily by the kidneys, and it regulates the production of red blood cells (RBCs).

Explanation

Erythropoietin is a hormone produced primarily by the kidneys, and it regulates the production of red blood cells (RBCs).

6. What is the function of platelets?

They carry oxygen

They fight infections

They help in blood clotting

They remove waste products

Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting. They form a plug at the site of injury, preventing excessive bleeding.

Explanation

Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting. They form a plug at the site of injury, preventing excessive bleeding.

7. What are the three primary functions of blood?

Transportation, Regulation, Defense

Transportation, Digestion, Defense

Transportation, Excretion, Defense

Transportation, Reproduction, Defense

Blood serves three primary functions: transportation (of nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste), regulation (of body temperature, pH, and fluid volume), and defense (against infections and bleeding).

Explanation

Blood serves three primary functions: transportation (of nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste), regulation (of body temperature, pH, and fluid volume), and defense (against infections and bleeding).

8. Which of the following are steps of hemostasis?

Vascular spasm

Platelet plug formation

Coagulation

All of the above

Hemostasis, the process of stopping bleeding, involves three steps: vascular spasm (constriction of blood vessels), platelet plug formation (platelets stick together to form a plug at the site of injury), and coagulation (formation of a blood clot).

Explanation

Hemostasis, the process of stopping bleeding, involves three steps: vascular spasm (constriction of blood vessels), platelet plug formation (platelets stick together to form a plug at the site of injury), and coagulation (formation of a blood clot).

9. Where are blood cells formed?

Stem cells in the bone marrow (Hematopoietic stem cells)

Yellow Bone Marrow

Red Bone Marrow

Kidneys

Blood cells are formed from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.

Explanation

Blood cells are formed from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.

10. What are the main components of the circulatory system?

Blood, Blood Vessels, Heart, Lungs

Blood, Blood Vessels, Heart, Kidneys

Blood, Blood Vessels, Heart, Liver

Blood, Blood Vessels, Heart, Brain

The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The lungs are also a crucial component for oxygenating the blood.

Explanation

The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The lungs are also a crucial component for oxygenating the blood.

11. Which of the following statements about Rh blood types are true?

Negative Rh blood can give to Positive Rh and Negative Rh

Negative Rh can only receive from Rh Negative

People with Rh negative blood can only receive blood from other Rh negative individuals. However, they can donate to both Rh positive and Rh negative individuals.

Explanation

People with Rh negative blood can only receive blood from other Rh negative individuals. However, they can donate to both Rh positive and Rh negative individuals.

12. What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?

24 hours

7 days

120 days

1 year

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is about 120 days. After this period, they are removed from circulation and broken down by the spleen.

Explanation

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is about 120 days. After this period, they are removed from circulation and broken down by the spleen.

13. What is the composition of plasma?

Water (90%), Electrolytes (ions), Proteins (albumins, globulins, clotting proteins), Hormones, Gases, Nutrients and Wastes

Water (80%), Electrolytes (ions), Proteins (albumins, globulins, clotting proteins), Hormones, Gases, Nutrients and Wastes

Water (70%), Electrolytes (ions), Proteins (albumins, globulins, clotting proteins), Hormones, Gases, Nutrients and Wastes

Water (60%), Electrolytes (ions), Proteins (albumins, globulins, clotting proteins), Hormones, Gases, Nutrients and Wastes

Plasma, the liquid component of blood, is about 90% water and contains electrolytes, proteins (albumins, globulins, and clotting proteins), hormones, gases, and various nutrients and wastes.

Explanation

Plasma, the liquid component of blood, is about 90% water and contains electrolytes, proteins (albumins, globulins, and clotting proteins), hormones, gases, and various nutrients and wastes.

14. What is the composition of blood?

Plasma - 55%, Formed Elements - 45%, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets

Plasma - 45%, Formed Elements - 55%, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets

Plasma - 50%, Formed Elements - 50%, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets

Plasma - 60%, Formed Elements - 40%, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets

Blood is composed of plasma (about 55%) and formed elements (about 45%), which include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets.

Explanation

Blood is composed of plasma (about 55%) and formed elements (about 45%), which include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets.

15. What is the most common type of white blood cell?

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Lymphocytes

Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell, making up about 60% of all white blood cells in the body. They play a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in fighting bacterial infections.

Explanation

Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell, making up about 60% of all white blood cells in the body. They play a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in fighting bacterial infections.