Biochemistry Drugs, DNA & RNA Quiz

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  • 1/100 Questions

    The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate source is defined as

    • Glycolysis
    • Gluconeogenesis
    • Glycogenolysis
    • Glycogenesis
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About This Quiz

Biochemistry is the branch of science that studies the chemical processes taking place within and related to living organisms. Check out our online quiz and see well versed are you with its concepts.

Biochemistry Drugs, DNA & RNA Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following are essential fatty acids in humans?

    • Arachidonic acid

    • Linolenic acid

    • Linoleic acid

    • All

    Correct Answer
    A. All
    Explanation
    All of the options listed (Arachidonic acid, Linolenic acid, and Linoleic acid) are essential fatty acids in humans. Essential fatty acids are types of fats that the body cannot produce on its own and must be obtained from the diet. These fatty acids play important roles in various bodily functions, such as brain development, hormone production, and maintaining healthy skin and hair. Therefore, it is necessary for humans to consume foods that contain these essential fatty acids in order to meet their nutritional needs.

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  • 3. 

    Loss of appetite is known as

    • Anuria

    • Anorexia

    • Alopecia

    • None of this

    Correct Answer
    A. Anorexia
    Explanation
    Anorexia is the correct answer because it refers to the loss of appetite. Anuria refers to the absence of urine production, Alopecia refers to hair loss, and "None of this" is not a term used to describe loss of appetite.

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  • 4. 

    Who proposed the double helical structure of DNA 

    • Gregor Mendel 

    • Louise Pasteur

    • Watson and Crick 

    • Charles Darwin

    Correct Answer
    A. Watson and Crick 
    Explanation
    Watson and Crick proposed the double helical structure of DNA. This groundbreaking discovery was made in 1953 and is considered one of the most significant scientific breakthroughs of the 20th century. Their model showed that DNA is composed of two strands that are twisted together in a helical shape, with the bases on each strand pairing up in a complementary manner. This discovery provided crucial insights into how DNA replicates and transmits genetic information, laying the foundation for modern genetics and molecular biology.

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  • 5. 

    Schedule V describes 

    • Standards for cosmetics 

    • Standards for patent and proprietary medicines 

    • Standards of disinfectants 

    • Good Manufacturing Practice 

    Correct Answer
    A. Standards for patent and proprietary medicines 
    Explanation
    Schedule V describes standards for patent and proprietary medicines. This means that it provides guidelines and regulations for the production, labeling, and distribution of these types of medicines. These standards ensure that patent and proprietary medicines meet certain quality and safety requirements, and that they are accurately labeled with appropriate information for consumers.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following drug is a parasympatholytic agent?

    • Demecarium

    • Atropine

    • Pilocarpine

    • Carbochol

    Correct Answer
    A. Atropine
    Explanation
    Atropine is a parasympatholytic agent because it blocks the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, leading to inhibition of parasympathetic nerve impulses. This results in relaxation of smooth muscles, decreased glandular secretions, and increased heart rate. Atropine is commonly used to treat bradycardia, dilate the pupils during eye exams, and reduce secretions during surgery. Demecarium, Pilocarpine, and Carbochol are not parasympatholytic agents; they have different mechanisms of action and are used for different purposes.

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  • 7. 

    Grey baby syndrome is produced by

    • Tetracycline

    • Benzyl penicillin

    • Gentamycin

    • Chloramphenicol

    Correct Answer
    A. Chloramphenicol
    Explanation
    Chloramphenicol is known to cause Grey baby syndrome, a condition characterized by a grayish-blue skin color, abdominal distension, and cardiovascular collapse in newborn infants. This syndrome occurs due to the inability of newborns to efficiently metabolize and eliminate chloramphenicol, leading to toxic levels in their system. Other antibiotics like tetracycline, benzyl penicillin, and gentamycin do not have this specific side effect.

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  • 8. 

    Vitamin k deficiency results in the disorder 

    • Retarded growth 

    • Color blindness 

    • Defect in blood clotting 

    • Pernicious anemia 

    Correct Answer
    A. Defect in blood clotting 
    Explanation
    Vitamin K is essential for the production of certain proteins that are involved in blood clotting. Without enough vitamin K, the blood clotting process is impaired, leading to a defect in blood clotting. This can result in excessive bleeding or difficulty in stopping bleeding after an injury. Retarded growth, color blindness, and pernicious anemia are not directly associated with vitamin K deficiency.

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  • 9. 

    Which is a prodrug?

    • Reserpine

    • Levodopa

    • Amoxicillin

    • Streptomycin

    Correct Answer
    A. Levodopa
    Explanation
    Levodopa is a prodrug because it is converted into dopamine in the brain, which helps to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Prodrugs are inactive or less active compounds that are converted into active forms in the body. In this case, levodopa is converted into dopamine, which is the neurotransmitter that is deficient in Parkinson's disease. Reserpine, amoxicillin, and streptomycin are not prodrugs as they are already active in their current form.

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  • 10. 

    Depletion of dopamine causes a clinical condition called

    • Mania

    • Schizophrenia

    • Parkinsonism

    • Depression

    Correct Answer
    A. Parkinsonism
    Explanation
    Depletion of dopamine causes Parkinsonism, a clinical condition characterized by symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with movement. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the regulation of movement and coordination. When dopamine levels are depleted, it disrupts the normal functioning of the basal ganglia, a brain region involved in movement control. This leads to the development of Parkinsonism symptoms. Mania, Schizophrenia, and Depression are not directly caused by dopamine depletion, although they may involve other neurotransmitter imbalances and have different underlying causes.

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  • 11. 

    An unsaturated fatty acid 

    • Stearic acid 

    • Palmitic acid 

    • Myristic acid

    • Oleic acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Oleic acid
    Explanation
    Oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds in their carbon chain, which creates kinks in the molecule and prevents the fatty acid from packing tightly together. Oleic acid specifically has one double bond, making it a monounsaturated fatty acid. Stearic acid, palmitic acid, and myristic acid, on the other hand, are all saturated fatty acids, meaning they have no double bonds in their carbon chain.

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  • 12. 

     RNA synthesis on DNA strand is known as

    • Transcription

    • Translation

    • Transduction

    • Replication

    Correct Answer
    A. Transcription
    Explanation
    Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. During transcription, the DNA strands separate, and an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to the DNA and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule. This RNA molecule is then processed and modified to form a mature mRNA molecule, which carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. Therefore, transcription is the correct answer as it accurately describes the process of RNA synthesis on a DNA strand.

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  • 13. 

    What is form-12 as per drug and cosmetics act?

    • Application for license to import drugs specified in schedule X

    • Application for license to import drugs for the purpose of examination, test or analysis 

    • Application for license to import small quantities of drugs by a government hospital 

    • Form of undertaking to accompany an application for an import license 

    Correct Answer
    A. Application for license to import drugs for the purpose of examination, test or analysis 
    Explanation
    Form-12 is an application for a license to import drugs for the purpose of examination, test, or analysis. This form is used to request permission to import drugs specifically for the purpose of conducting examinations, tests, or analysis on them. It is likely that this form is required to ensure that imported drugs meet the necessary standards and regulations set forth by the Drug and Cosmetics Act.

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  • 14. 

    Phytolaca Americana is the adulterant 0f?

    • Ergot

    • Belladona

    • Senna

    • Cannabis

    Correct Answer
    A. Belladona
    Explanation
    Phytolaca Americana is the adulterant of Belladona. This means that Phytolaca Americana can be mixed or substituted with Belladona, potentially in herbal medicines or other products. Adulteration is a common practice in the herbal industry, where cheaper or more readily available substances are added to increase profits or mimic the effects of the original substance. In this case, Phytolaca Americana is being used as a cheaper alternative to Belladona, which is a highly toxic plant known for its medicinal properties.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following is a cyanogenetic glycoside

    • Sinigrin

    • Amygdalin

    • Salicin

    • Rhein

    Correct Answer
    A. Amygdalin
    Explanation
    Amygdalin is a cyanogenetic glycoside. Cyanogenetic glycosides are compounds found in certain plants that release hydrogen cyanide when metabolized. Amygdalin is commonly found in the seeds of fruits such as apricots, almonds, and peaches. When ingested, it can be hydrolyzed by enzymes in the body to release cyanide. Therefore, it is considered toxic and potentially harmful if consumed in large amounts.

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  • 16. 

    Unequal distribution of colour on the surface of coloured tablets is called as

    • Cracking

    • Sticking

    • Mottling

    • Capping

    Correct Answer
    A. Mottling
    Explanation
    Mottling refers to the uneven distribution of color on the surface of colored tablets. It occurs when the colorant does not disperse evenly throughout the tablet during the manufacturing process. This can result in patches or streaks of different colors on the tablet surface, which can affect its appearance and potentially impact its effectiveness. Mottling is a common issue in tablet production and can be caused by various factors such as improper mixing or insufficient binder.

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  • 17. 

     A diuretic drug 

    • Gokhru

    • Cinnamon

    • Fennel

    • Senna

    Correct Answer
    A. Gokhru
    Explanation
    Gokhru is a diuretic drug. It is known for its ability to increase urine production and promote the elimination of excess water and salt from the body. This diuretic effect can be beneficial for individuals with conditions such as hypertension, edema, and kidney stones. Gokhru contains active compounds that stimulate the kidneys to produce more urine, thereby reducing fluid retention and helping to maintain a healthy fluid balance in the body.

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  • 18. 

    Carbimazole is an:

    • Antithyroid drug

    • Antiepileptic drug

    • Coagulant

    • Anticoagulant

    Correct Answer
    A. Antithyroid drug
    Explanation
    Carbimazole is classified as an antithyroid drug because it is used to treat hyperthyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormone. Carbimazole works by inhibiting the production of thyroid hormones, thereby reducing their levels in the body. This helps to normalize the functioning of the thyroid gland and alleviate the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. It is not an antiepileptic drug, coagulant, or anticoagulant, as it does not have any effect on epilepsy or blood clotting.

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  • 19. 

    All the account are balanced in

    • Ledger

    • Journal

    • Cash book

    • None

    Correct Answer
    A. Ledger
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Ledger. A ledger is a book or a computerized record where all the accounts of a business are maintained. It contains separate pages for each account, and transactions are recorded in a chronological order. The ledger helps in keeping track of the financial transactions and ensures that all accounts are balanced. It serves as a central repository of financial information and is crucial for preparing financial statements and analyzing the financial health of a business.

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  • 20. 

    The ratio 4:2:1 (oil:water:gum) can be used for which oil ?

    • Almond oil

    • Peppermint oil

    • Liquid paraffin

    • Cinnamon oil

    Correct Answer
    A. Almond oil
    Explanation
    The ratio 4:2:1 (oil:water:gum) is suitable for almond oil. This means that when using almond oil, it should be mixed with water and gum in a ratio of 4 parts oil, 2 parts water, and 1 part gum. This ratio is specific to almond oil and may not be suitable for other types of oil such as peppermint oil, liquid paraffin, or cinnamon oil.

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  • 21. 

    The diagnostic agent which is used for kidney function test

    • Congo red

    • Indigocarmine

    • Evans blue

    • Fluorescein sodium

    Correct Answer
    A. Indigocarmine
    Explanation
    Indigocarmine is the correct answer for the diagnostic agent used for kidney function tests. Indigocarmine is a blue dye that is commonly used in medical procedures to assess kidney function. It is injected into the bloodstream and then excreted by the kidneys, allowing healthcare professionals to evaluate the kidneys' ability to filter and excrete waste products.

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  • 22. 

    Sometimes large dose of a drug is required to elicit a response usually obtained by normal therapeutic dose. Such a phenomenon is termed as

    • Tachyphylaxis

    • Idiosyncracy

    • Anaphylaxis

    • Tolerence

    Correct Answer
    A. Tolerence
    Explanation
    Tolerance is a phenomenon where a larger dose of a drug is needed to achieve the same response that was previously obtained with a normal therapeutic dose. This occurs when the body becomes less responsive to the drug over time, requiring higher doses to produce the desired effect. Tolerance can develop with repeated use of certain medications or substances, leading to decreased effectiveness and potentially requiring dose adjustments or alternative treatments.

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  • 23. 

    The principle adverse effect of ampicillin is

    • Constipation

    • Diarrhoea

    • Vomiting

    • GIT irritation

    Correct Answer
    A. Diarrhoea
    Explanation
    Ampicillin is an antibiotic that belongs to the penicillin group. One of the most common side effects of ampicillin is diarrhea. This occurs because ampicillin can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the intestines, leading to an overgrowth of certain bacteria that can cause diarrhea. Other adverse effects of ampicillin may include gastrointestinal irritation, but diarrhea is the most significant and commonly observed adverse effect.

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  • 24. 

    Wafer capsule is known as ?

    • Cachets 

    • Pills 

    • Jelly 

    • Poultice 

    Correct Answer
    A. Cachets 
    Explanation
    A wafer capsule is known as a cachet.

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  • 25. 

    Jesuit's bark is the synonym of

    • Rauwolfia

    • Cinchona

    • Ipecac

    • Cinnamon

    Correct Answer
    A. Cinchona
    Explanation
    Jesuit's bark is a term used to refer to Cinchona, which is a genus of flowering plants. Cinchona bark is known for its medicinal properties and has been used historically to treat malaria. Therefore, Cinchona is the correct synonym for Jesuit's bark.

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  • 26. 

    Drugs Inspectors are appointed  under which which section of drugs and cosmetics act

    • Section 21

    • Section 33

    • Section 7

    • Section 20

    Correct Answer
    A. Section 21
  • 27. 

    Indirectly acting sympathomimetic drug

    • Adrenaline

    • Isoprenaline

    • Amphetamine

    • Salbutamol

    Correct Answer
    A. Amphetamine
    Explanation
    Amphetamine is classified as an indirectly acting sympathomimetic drug because it stimulates the release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals and inhibits its reuptake, leading to increased sympathetic activity. This results in various physiological effects such as increased heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness. Amphetamine is commonly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following is naturally occuring glucocorticoid?

    • Cortisol

    • Triamcinolone

    • Dexamethasone

    • Prednisolone

    Correct Answer
    A. Cortisol
    Explanation
    Cortisol is a naturally occurring glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal glands. It plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and stress response. Triamcinolone, Dexamethasone, and Prednisolone are synthetic glucocorticoids that are commonly used as medications to treat inflammation and immune-related disorders. However, cortisol is the only option listed that is naturally produced by the body.

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  • 29. 

    The part of the prescription comprising direction to the pharmacist is:

    • Signature

    • Inscription

    • Superscription

    • Subscription

    Correct Answer
    A. Subscription
    Explanation
    The part of the prescription that comprises the direction to the pharmacist is the subscription. The subscription includes information such as the name and quantity of the medication, as well as instructions on how the medication should be prepared and dispensed. It is the section of the prescription that provides specific details for the pharmacist to follow when filling the prescription.

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  • 30. 

    Which of the following contains sulfur in its elemental composition

    • Benzyl penicillin 

    • Caffeine 

    • Digoxin 

    • Ibuprofen 

    Correct Answer
    A. Benzyl penicillin 
    Explanation
    Benzyl penicillin contains sulfur in its elemental composition.

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  • 31. 

    Which of the following oils is used as a vehicle for oily injectables?

    • Castor oil

    • Arachis oil

    • Linseed oil

    • Mustard oil

    Correct Answer
    A. Arachis oil
    Explanation
    Arachis oil is commonly used as a vehicle for oily injectables. It is a clear, odorless, and colorless oil derived from peanuts. Due to its low viscosity and compatibility with various drugs, it is often used as a carrier or base oil for injectable medications. Arachis oil provides a stable and homogeneous mixture, allowing for easy administration and absorption of the medication into the bloodstream. Additionally, it has a low allergenic potential, making it a suitable choice for patients with sensitivities or allergies.

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  • 32. 

    Common side effect reported between sulfonylureas:

    • Hypoglycemia

    • Hyperglycemia

    • Hypothyroidism

    • Hyperthyroidism

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypoglycemia
    Explanation
    Sulfonylureas are a class of medications used to treat type 2 diabetes by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin. One of the most common side effects of sulfonylureas is hypoglycemia, which is when blood sugar levels drop too low. This can occur if the medication causes too much insulin to be released or if the patient skips a meal or exercises excessively. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include dizziness, confusion, sweating, and shakiness. It is important for patients taking sulfonylureas to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly and to be aware of the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following is a major precursor of steroid hormone?

    • Sphingoid

    • Bile acid

    • Triglyceride

    • Cholesterol

    Correct Answer
    A. Cholesterol
    Explanation
    Cholesterol is a major precursor of steroid hormones. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol through a series of enzymatic reactions. Cholesterol serves as the starting material for the synthesis of hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, and testosterone. These hormones play critical roles in various physiological processes including metabolism, immune response, and reproduction. Therefore, cholesterol is an essential molecule for the production of steroid hormones in the body.

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  • 34. 

    Grey baby syndrome is reported with

    • Tetracycline

    • Chloramphenicol

    • Doxycycline

    • Chlortetracycline

    Correct Answer
    A. Chloramphenicol
    Explanation
    Grey baby syndrome is a rare but serious condition that can occur in newborns when they are exposed to high levels of chloramphenicol. This antibiotic can accumulate in the baby's body and cause symptoms such as grayish skin color, low body temperature, low blood pressure, and difficulty breathing. It is important to avoid using chloramphenicol in newborns or infants, as their bodies are not able to process the drug effectively, leading to toxicity and potentially life-threatening complications.

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  • 35. 

    Papaverine shows which pharmacological activity

    • Antitussive

    • Emetic

    • Sedative

    • Spasmolytic

    Correct Answer
    A. Spasmolytic
    Explanation
    Papaverine is a medication that exhibits spasmolytic activity. This means that it helps to relax smooth muscles, particularly those found in the blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract. By relaxing these muscles, papaverine can alleviate spasms and reduce constriction, making it useful in the treatment of conditions such as vasospasms, intestinal colic, and erectile dysfunction. It does not possess antitussive, emetic, or sedative properties, making spasmolytic the correct pharmacological activity associated with papaverine.

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  • 36. 

    Multiple forms of same enzyme are called 

    • Isoenzime

    • Coenzyme 

    • Apoenzymes

    • Holoenzymes

    Correct Answer
    A. Isoenzime
    Explanation
    Isoenzymes are multiple forms of the same enzyme that catalyze the same reaction but differ in their amino acid sequence or overall structure. These variations in structure can result in differences in enzyme activity, substrate specificity, or regulation. Isoenzymes are often found in different tissues or organs and can have different physiological roles or be used as diagnostic markers for certain diseases. Therefore, isoenzymes are the correct term to describe multiple forms of the same enzyme.

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  • 37. 

    The drug which is not obtained from seeds

    • Nutmeg

    • Cardamom

    • Guar gum

    • Asafoetida

    Correct Answer
    A. Asafoetida
    Explanation
    Asafoetida is the correct answer because it is a resin obtained from the roots of the Ferula plant, not from seeds. Nutmeg and cardamom are both spices derived from the seeds of their respective plants. Guar gum is derived from the seeds of the guar plant. Therefore, only asafoetida does not fit the category of a drug obtained from seeds.

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  • 38. 

    Glycogenolysis is the breakdown stored glycogen to

    • Pyruvic acid

    • Lactic acid

    • Glucose

    • Carbondioxide and water

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucose
    Explanation
    Glycogenolysis is the process of breaking down stored glycogen into glucose. This is an important mechanism for maintaining blood glucose levels, especially during periods of fasting or physical activity. Glucose is a primary source of energy for the body, and by converting glycogen into glucose, the body can ensure a steady supply of fuel. The other options listed, such as pyruvic acid, lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and water, are not the direct products of glycogenolysis.

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  • 39. 

    The material used in enteric coating

    • PEG 400

    • Carbowax

    • Hydroxy propyl cellulose

    • Cellulose acetate phthalate

    Correct Answer
    A. Cellulose acetate phthalate
    Explanation
    Cellulose acetate phthalate is the material used in enteric coating. Enteric coating is a process used in pharmaceuticals to protect the drug from being released in the stomach and instead allows it to be released in the intestine. Cellulose acetate phthalate is a polymer that is insoluble in acidic environments, such as the stomach, but becomes soluble in the alkaline environment of the intestine. This property makes it an ideal material for enteric coating as it can protect the drug from degradation in the stomach and ensure its targeted release in the intestine.

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  • 40. 

    The mill works on the principle of impact and atrition

    • Roller mill

    • Ball mill

    • Hammer mill

    • Cutter mill

    Correct Answer
    A. Ball mill
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Ball mill" because a ball mill operates by rotating a cylinder with steel grinding balls, causing the balls to fall back into the cylinder and onto the material to be ground. The rotation is usually between 4 to 20 revolutions per minute, depending on the diameter of the mill. The larger the diameter, the slower the rotation. The mill works on the principle of impact and attrition, where the grinding media (balls) are responsible for reducing the size of the material by impact and abrasion.

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  • 41. 

    A prophylactic agent for the treatment of traveller's diarrhoea:

    • Tetracycline

    • Doxycycline

    • Oxytetracycline

    • None

    Correct Answer
    A. Doxycycline
    Explanation
    Doxycycline is a prophylactic agent for the treatment of traveler's diarrhea. It is a type of antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including those that commonly cause diarrhea. Doxycycline works by inhibiting the growth and multiplication of bacteria, helping to reduce the symptoms and duration of diarrhea. It is commonly prescribed for travelers who are visiting regions with a high risk of diarrhea-causing bacteria. Tetracycline and oxytetracycline are also antibiotics in the same class as doxycycline, but they may have more side effects and are less commonly used for traveler's diarrhea.

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  • 42. 

    Which drug induces parkinsonism?

    • Promethazine

    • Chlorpromazine

    • Acetylcholine

    • Propranolol

    Correct Answer
    A. Chlorpromazine
    Explanation
    Chlorpromazine is a drug that can induce parkinsonism. Parkinsonism is a condition characterized by symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement). Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic medication that works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in movement control, and blocking its receptors can lead to the development of parkinsonism-like symptoms. Therefore, chlorpromazine is the correct answer as it is known to induce parkinsonism.

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  • 43. 

    Drug which produces ototoxicity

    • Norfloxacin

    • Streptomycin

    • Tetracycline

    • Cephalexin

    Correct Answer
    A. Streptomycin
    Explanation
    Streptomycin is the correct answer because it is a known drug that can cause ototoxicity, which refers to damage or toxicity to the ear and its structures. Ototoxicity can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance problems. Streptomycin is an antibiotic that is primarily used to treat tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. However, it is known to have potential side effects on the auditory system, making it an ototoxic drug. Norfloxacin, Tetracycline, and Cephalexin are antibiotics as well, but they are not typically associated with ototoxicity.

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  • 44. 

    Steven johnson syndrome is exhibited by

    • Gentamycin

    • Sulphadimidine

    • Ampicillin

    • Doxycycline

    Correct Answer
    A. Sulphadimidine
    Explanation
    Steven Johnson syndrome is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that is characterized by a rash, blisters, and skin peeling. It is most commonly caused by certain medications, including Sulphadimidine. This drug belongs to the class of sulfonamide antibiotics and has been associated with the development of Steven Johnson syndrome in some individuals. Therefore, Sulphadimidine is the correct answer as it is known to exhibit this serious adverse reaction.

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  • 45. 

    Opium alkaloid containing isoquinolone ring system is 

    • Morphine

    • Codeine

    • Thebane

    • Papaverine

    Correct Answer
    A. Papaverine
    Explanation
    Papaverine is the correct answer because it is an opium alkaloid that contains the isoquinolone ring system. Morphine and codeine are also opium alkaloids, but they do not contain the isoquinolone ring system. Thebane is not an opium alkaloid. Therefore, papaverine is the only option that fits the given criteria.

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  • 46. 

    This pigment in the rod cells of eye is called as

    • Melanin

    • Rhodopsin

    • Iodopsin

    • Opsin

    Correct Answer
    A. Rhodopsin
    Explanation
    Rhodopsin is the correct answer because it is the pigment found in the rod cells of the eye. Rod cells are responsible for vision in low light conditions, and rhodopsin plays a crucial role in this process. When light enters the eye, it interacts with rhodopsin, causing a chemical reaction that triggers an electrical signal to be sent to the brain, allowing us to perceive images. Melanin is a pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes, but it is not specifically found in rod cells. Iodopsin and opsin are not the correct terms for the pigment in rod cells.

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  • 47. 

    In modern medicine cocaine is used as

    • Local anaesthetic

    • Narcotic 

    • Cough suppressant 

    • Emetic

    Correct Answer
    A. Local anaesthetic
    Explanation
    Cocaine is used as a local anaesthetic in modern medicine. It is a powerful numbing agent that blocks nerve signals in a specific area, providing temporary pain relief. It is commonly used in procedures such as dental work, minor surgeries, and dermatological treatments. However, due to its highly addictive nature and potential for abuse, its medical use is highly regulated and restricted.

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  • 48. 

    Choose a plant which contain cardiac glycoside

    • Senna

    • Quassia

    • Digitalis

    • Aloe

    Correct Answer
    A. Digitalis
    Explanation
    Digitalis is the correct answer because it is a plant that contains cardiac glycosides. Cardiac glycosides are a group of compounds that have a positive inotropic effect on the heart, meaning they increase the force of contraction. Digitalis, also known as foxglove, is commonly used in medicine for its cardiac glycoside content and is used to treat heart conditions such as congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

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  • 49. 

    A respiratory stimulant 

    • Ammonium chloride 

    • Ammonium nitrate

    • Ammonium carbonate 

    • Ammonium sulphate

    Correct Answer
    A. Ammonium carbonate 
    Explanation
    Ammonium carbonate is a respiratory stimulant because it can release ammonia gas when it reacts with water or moisture in the respiratory system. Ammonia gas can irritate the respiratory tract and stimulate the body to increase its breathing rate. This increased breathing rate helps to supply more oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide, aiding in respiratory stimulation.

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